橡木桶与红葡萄酒的桶贮管理

橡木桶是贮存红葡萄酒的容器，在贮酒过程中葡萄酒发生复杂的物理、化学变化，可提高红葡萄酒的品质。世界上橡木的种类大约为250种，应用最多的是欧洲橡木和美洲橡木。酿制橡木香气浓郁的葡萄酒，宜选用美国的白栎；酿造橡木香、果香、酒香协调幽雅的葡萄酒，则选用欧洲橡木或中国橡木。桶贮管理包括酒的管理、环境管理和橡木桶的管理。（孙悟）     

橡木桶陈酿工艺对干红葡萄酒质量风格的影响

橡木桶陈酿工艺对干红葡萄酒质量的影响是一个复杂的生物化学过程,主要表现在3个方面:橡木桶的通透性可以保证葡萄酒的控制性氧化;橡木桶可给予葡萄酒很多特有的香气物质,使香气变的更加馥郁和丰富;通过影响葡萄酒中的胶体物质而影响葡萄酒的稳定性和口感.但同时,在橡木桶陈酿过程中也会给葡萄酒带来一些不愉快的味道.本文总结了橡木桶对...     

橡木桶陈酿对葡萄酒质量的影响

橡木桶对葡萄酒的香气、色泽和稳定性有重要的影响,同时,橡木桶也使葡萄酒经历一个自然的澄清过程.陈酿型的葡萄酒质量受诸多因素的影响,主要是橡木桶的成分、葡萄酒成分及陈酿时间.总结了橡木桶贮藏对葡萄酒质量的影响因素;提出橡木桶贮藏过程中对葡萄酒造成不愉快味道的主要成分是乙烯基苯酚类物质;提出橡木桶和酵母酒泥对葡萄酒香味成分吸附作用及葡萄酒陈酿的一些新技术.     

橡木桶与葡萄酒陈酿

桶木桶用于葡萄酒陈酿，存在于木桶中的挥发酚、呋喃醛、橡木内酯、萜类、单宁等由于溶解、浸渍等作用而进入到葡萄酒中，增加了酒的风味复杂性；并可防止因带菌皮而引起酒的过分还原，还可增强酒的品种香气。     

橡木桶陈酿对红葡萄酒中白藜芦醇含量的影响

研究了不同产地橡木材质、不同容积的橡木桶对梅鹿辄干红葡萄酒进行陈酿处理后干红葡萄酒中白藜芦醇含量的影响。试验结果表明,使用法国卢浮橡材质橡木桶陈酿的干红葡萄酒比美国白栎材质橡木桶的白黎芦醇含量高0．06mg／L;使用225L橡木桶陈酿的干红葡萄酒比300L的橡木桶的白黎芦醇含量高0．03mg/L。     

橡木桶陈酿过程葡萄酒溶解氧的变化

研究干红葡萄酒在橡木桶中陈酿过程中溶解氧的变化。结果表明，新鲜酒入桶后，酒中的溶解氧逐渐减少，3个月后达到稳定值；在橡木桶中，距液面深度不同的葡萄酒中的溶解氧含量不同，愈深含量愈低，但溶解氧的变化趋势一致；在桶贮的初始3个月内，不同板材制作的橡木桶中酒的溶解氧含量有差异，3个月后趋于一致。     

橡木桶陈酿技术对猕猴桃酒品质的影响

为了提高猕猴桃果酒的品质,本文研究了采用橡木桶进行陈酿过程对猕猴桃果酒理化指标和感官评价的影响,具体包括溶解氧、电导率、色度和色调等物理指标,游离二氧化硫、总酚、高级醇等化学指标和感官评价得分。结果显示:随着猕猴桃果酒陈酿时间的延长,电导率、色度、色调等理化指标均呈现了明显的上升趋势,且逐渐趋于平衡,分别为电导率2.76 mS/cm,色度0.375,色调4.05;而溶解氧、游离二氧化硫、总酚等理化指标均呈现了明显的下降趋势,并逐渐趋于稳定,溶解氧0.72 mg/L,游离二氧化硫27.87mg/L,总酚332mg/L;随着陈酿时间延长,异丁醇、异戊醇和高级醇总含量都呈现下降趋势;经过橡木桶陈酿后的猕猴桃果酒其感官得分为97.68,明显高于感官得分为79.84的玻璃瓶贮藏的猕猴桃果酒样品。因此,贮藏过程中猕猴桃酒理化和感官评价变化与溶解氧含量及变化、橡木桶结构和成分有关。     

橡木桶陈酿对红葡萄酒的作用与影响的研究

阐述了木桶陈酿对红葡萄酒的微氧熟化、增强理化稳定性、改善风味特征的重要作用,同时比较了不同植物来源橡木桶呈香组份的特性,说明了木桶容积、新旧程度对陈酿效果的影响,并且提出了如何根据葡萄酒的性质选择橡木桶的建议。     

优化橡木桶陈酿工艺在干红葡萄酒生产中的应用

通过研究陈酿过程中橡木桶陈酿酒所占比例、烘烤程度及陈酿时间三种不同因子对葡萄酒品质的影响,找出其不同水平组合对葡萄酒品质影响的重要性,确定葡萄酒品质最好的水平组合,作为干红葡萄酒的最适陈酿方案。     

橡木桶在高档陈酿型干红葡萄酒生产中的优化应用

橡木桶陈酿过程是酿造高品质葡萄酒最基本、最重要的环节。在生产高档陈酿型干红葡萄酒过程中,结合原料、发酵状况及陈酿过程中的酒体变化,分析研究陈酿过程中橡木桶的选择与陈酿管理等实际问题。由此制定出椽木桶优化应用方案,开发高档陈酿型干红葡萄酒系列产品。     

橡木桶对葡萄酒品质的影响

橡木桶对葡萄酒的香气、色泽和稳定性有重要的作用。葡萄酒在橡木桶中经过氧化、浸渍等反应,可以有效改善葡萄酒品质。该文综述了橡木的种类、橡木桶的容量、橡木的烘烤程度对葡萄酒的品质的影响,并对生产中如何选择橡木桶提出合理建议。旨在进一步探究橡木桶在葡萄酒成熟中的作用。     

The Study of Phenolic Compounds as Natural Antioxidants in Wine

Plant phenolics present in fruit and vegetables, and that are particularly rich in red wine, have received considerable attention because of their potential antioxidant activity. Human consumption of antioxidants has many alleged health benefits, including protection against cardiovascular diseases, and, most recently, cancer. Red wines contain a variety of polyphenolic antioxidants. Five samples of commercial red wines from Spain and four phenolic compounds of red wine: gallic acid, trans-resveratrol, quercetin and rutin, have been studied. The total phenolics content and the total antioxidant activity (TAA) of wines was determined. The total phenolic content, determined according to the Folin-Ciocalteu method, varied from 1800 to 2300?mg/L, expressed as gallic acid equivalents (GAE). The antioxidative effects of wine phenolics were determined using a system based on the inhibition by antioxidants of the absorbance of the radical cation. The relationship between antioxidant activity of phenolic compounds, as hydrogen donating free radical scavengers, and their chemical structures was studied. Furthermore, the total antioxidant activity of the wines investigated was well correlated with phenol content. Thus, the results confirm that red wine polyphenols are, in vitro, significant antioxidants.     

冰葡萄酒酿造过程中糖分与乙醇变化的研究

冰葡萄酒酿造过程中主要化学组分发生显著变化,尤其在主发酵期间糖分消耗和乙醇的产生,这些变化对冰葡萄酒的品质具有重要影响。本研究以威代尔（Vidal）冰葡萄汁为实验材料,接种酵母菌（ST）进行发酵酿制,利用HPLC-ELSD法测定冰葡萄酒发酵及陈酿过程中糖分含量的变化,同时检测乙醇浓度变化,酿造完成后进行微生物检测及感官风味评定。研究结果表明,冰葡萄汁中主要糖类为葡萄糖和果糖,在发酵过程中,葡萄糖含量从180.56 g/L下降至53.24 g/L,其中在第7 d到第28 d下降最快;果糖含量从223.65 g/L下降至160.54 g/L;乙醇浓度变化与葡萄糖含量变化呈负相关。最终成品的酒精度为11.0%v/v。冰葡萄酒在橡木桶中进行陈酿过程中,葡萄糖含量下降至47.64 g/L,果糖含量下降至151.25 g/L,酒精度下降至9.8%,微生物检测及感官评定均符合标准。本研究结果可为冰葡萄酒酿造提供理论依据,同时也为快速鉴定冰葡萄酒的真伪奠定了基础。      

Astringency,bitterness and color changes in dry red wines before and during oak barrel aging: An updated phenolic perspective review

To understand effects of using oak barrels on the astringency, bitterness and color of dry red wines, phenolic reactions in wines before and after barrel aging are reviewed in this paper, which has been divided into three sections. The first section includes an introduction to chemical reactivities of grape-derived phenolic compounds, a summary of the phenolic reactions that occur in dry red wines before barrel aging, and a discussion of the effects of these reactions on wine astringency, bitterness and color. The second section introduces barrel types that determine the oak barrel constituents in wines (primarily oak aldehydes and ellagitannins) and presents reactions between the oak constituents and grape-derived phenolic compounds that may modulate wine astringency, bitterness and color. The final section illustrates the chemical differences between basic oxidation and over-oxidation in wines, discusses oxygen consumption kinetics in wines during barrel aging by comparing different oxygen consumption kinetics observed previously by others, and speculates on the possible preliminary phenolic reactions that occur in dry red wines during oak barrel aging that soften tannins and stabilize pigments via basic oxidation. Additionally, sulfur dioxide (SO₂) addition during barrel aging and suitability of adopting oak barrels for aging wines are briefly discussed.     

宁夏青铜峡产区美乐干红葡萄酒橡木桶陈酿的研究

该实验研究了2015年份美乐干红葡萄酒在橡木桶中陈酿0、3、6、9、12个月的酒精度、总糖、总酸、pH、挥发酸、干浸出物、色度、色调、单体花色素苷、总花色素苷、总酚等11项指标并结合感官品评分析了样品香气和口感的变化。结果表明,橡木桶陈酿时间对美乐干红葡萄酒的色度、总花色素苷和总酚有显著影响（P＜0.05）,在陈酿9个月时色度、总花色素苷和总酚均达到最大值,分别为8.86、13.64 mg/L和5 785.78 mg/L,其他5项常规理化指标均符合国标且表现为无差异,香气风味和口感风味也均表现为最好。