Comparison of Shelf Life of Eggs Coated with Chitosans Prepared under Various Deproteinization and Demineralization Times

Internal quality of eggs coated with chitosans prepared under various deproteinization (DP at 0, 5, 15 min) and demineralization (DM at 0, 10, 20, 30 min) times was evaluated. Chitosans prepared under DP 0 min/DM 30 min, DP 5 min/DM 30 min, and/or DP 15 min/DM 20 min conditions can be effectively used as an egg‐coating material in preserving the internal quality of eggs compared with chitosan prepared under the DP 15 min/DM 30 min condition. The Haugh unit and yolk index values suggested that the chitosan‐coated eggs can be preserved for at least 2 wk longer than the control noncoated eggs during 5 wk of storage at 25°C.     

Chitosan Coating Improves Shelf Life of Eggs

ABSTRACT: Internal and sensory quality of eggs coated with chitosan was evaluated during a 5-wk storage at 25 °C. Three chitosans with high (HMw, 1100 KDa), medium (MMw, 746 KDa), and low (LMw, 470 KDa) molecular weight were used to prepare coating solutions. Coating with LMw chitosan was more effective in preventing weight loss than with MMw and HMw chitosans. The Haugh unit and yolk index values indicated that the albumen and yolk quality of coated eggs can be preserved up to 5 wk at 25 °C, which is at least 3 wk longer than observed for the control noncoated eggs. Based on external quality, consumers could not differentiate the coated eggs from the control noncoated eggs. Overall acceptability of all coated eggs was not different from the control and commercial eggs.     

Internal quality and shelf life of eggs coated with oils from different sources

Selected internal quality and shelf life of eggs coated with oils from differences sources (mineral oil, canola oil, corn oil, grape seed oil, olive oil, soybean oil, and sunflower oil) were evaluated during 5 wk of storage at 25 °C. As the storage time increased, weight loss increased whereas Haugh unit and yolk index values decreased. Throughout the 5 wk of storage, eggs coated with oils, regardless of oil sources, possessed better albumen and yolk quality than the control noncoated eggs. Oil coating minimized weight loss of eggs (<0.8%) compared with that (7.26%) of the noncoated eggs after 5 wk of storage at 25 °C. No significant differences in internal quality (weight loss, Haugh unit, yolk index, and albumen pH) were generally observed among oil-coated eggs during 5 wk of storage. Based on the Haugh unit, the grade of noncoated eggs changed from AA at 0 wk to A at 1 wk and to B after 3 wk whereas that of oil-coated eggs from AA at 0 wk to A at 4 wk and maintained A grade until 5 wk. This study demonstrated that oil coating, irrespective of oil sources, preserved the internal quality, minimized weight loss (<0.8%), and extended the shelf life of eggs by at least 3 wk longer than observed for the noncoated eggs at 25 °C storage. Soybean oil was a more practical option as a coating material for eggs due to its low cost. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Eggs are highly perishable and susceptible to internal quality deterioration when stored above 7 °C. Refrigeration of eggs may be seldom practiced in some developing regions of the world. Therefore, an alternative method, that is inexpensive yet effective, to preserve the internal quality of eggs and to prevent microbial contamination is needed. Oil coating has been proven to preserve the internal quality, prolong shelf life, and minimize weight loss of eggs. This study demonstrated that, compared with other vegetable oils, soybean oil was a more practical option as a coating material for eggs during 5 wk of storage at 25 °C due to its low cost.     

Oil Coating Affects Internal Quality and Sensory Acceptance of Selected Attributes of Raw Eggs during Storage

Four (coconut, palm, rice bran, and soybean) edible oils and glycerol were applied on eggshell. All noncoated and coated eggs were stored for 5 wk at 25 ± 2 °C and drawn weekly for quality evaluation. All oil coatings were more effective in preserving internal quality of eggs than was glycerol coating. As storage time increased, the preservative effects of edible oil coating on weight loss, and albumen and yolk quality were significantly noticed. Oil‐coated eggs had significantly lower weight loss (<0.43%) than did noncoated (3.87%) and glycerol‐coated (3.73%) eggs after 5 wk of storage. Based on the Haugh unit, oil‐coated eggs maintained AA grade up to 3 wk. After 5 wk of storage, noncoated, glycerol‐coated, and oil‐coated eggs changed from AA grade to below B, below B and A grade, respectively. The albumen pH of noncoated and glycerol‐coated eggs considerably increased from 8.23 to 9.51 and 9.42, respectively, while those of oil‐coated eggs either maintained or slightly increased to 8.32. The albumen viscosity of all eggs decreased with increased storage time. Consumers (N = 120) could differentiate surface glossiness of oil‐coated eggs from uncoated eggs (R‐index of 81.42% to 86.99%). All oil‐coated eggs were acceptable for surface glossiness (liking scores of 6.22 to 6.77) and surface odor (liking scores of 6.20 to 6.55) with overall liking scores of 6.34 to 7.03. Overall, this study demonstrated that edible oil (coconut, palm, rice bran, and soybean) coating could preserve internal quality of eggs (maintaining grade A) at least 4 wk longer than noncoated eggs. Practical Application: Freshness is a major contribution to the egg quality. The internal quality of eggs begins to deteriorate after they have been laid due to loss of moisture and carbon dioxide via the eggshell pores. Refrigeration is very effective in preserving egg quality. Surface coating is an alternative method to preserve egg quality, although it is much less effective than refrigeration. This study demonstrated that coconut, rice bran, soybean, and palm oils, which are abundant and commonly consumed in many parts of the world, could preserve the internal quality and reduce weight loss of oil‐coated eggs during room temperature storage.     

Effect of Plasticizer Concentration and Solvent Types on Shelf-life of Eggs Coated with Chitosan

ABSTRACT:  Effects of plasticizer concentrations (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0% glycerol) and solvent types (1% acetic and 1% lactic acid) on internal quality of eggs coated with 2% chitosan solution were evaluated during 5 wk of storage at 25 °C. In comparison of plasticizer concentrations, eggs coated with chitosan dissolved in acetic acid containing 2% glycerol showed significant reduction in weight loss compared with the noncoated eggs during 5 wk of storage. At 2% glycerol, the Haugh unit and yolk index values suggested that chitosan-coated eggs can be preserved for at least 3 wk longer than the control noncoated eggs during 5 wk of storage at 25 °C. Use of acetic acid rather than lactic acid as a chitosan solvent was more advantageous in view of shelf-life extension of eggs.     

Effects of mineral oil coating on internal quality of chicken eggs under refrigerated storage

The selected internal qualities (weight loss, Haugh unit, yolk index, and albumen pH) of noncoated and mineral oil‐coated chicken eggs during 15 weeks of storage at 4 °C and/or during 5 weeks of storage at 25 °C were evaluated. Results indicated that, without refrigeration, the noncoated and mineral oil‐coated eggs rapidly changed from AA to C and B grades as measured by Haugh unit, respectively, after 5 weeks of storage. However, the AA quality of the noncoated eggs could be maintained under refrigerated storage (4 °C) for at least 5 weeks. The mineral oil coating and refrigerated storage (4 °C) synergistically minimised weight loss and preserved the albumen and yolk qualities of chicken eggs during a long‐term storage. At 4 °C, the mineral oil‐coated eggs preserved the initial AA grade for at least 15 weeks with l.19% weight loss.     

不同制油方法对青海亚麻籽油品质及货架期的影响

为研究不同制油方法对青海亚麻籽油品质及货架期的影响,对青海亚麻籽分别进行焙炒、烘烤、高压高温湿热、脱胶、真空冷冻干燥前处理,再分别采用螺旋压榨法和液态静压法制油,测定亚麻籽油出油率、过氧化值、酸价、水分及挥发物质量分数、脂肪酸含量、挥发性组分相对含量、总酚含量,并利用Schaal烘箱法建立亚麻籽油氧化动力学模型预测货架期。结果表明,焙炒螺旋压榨法制得的亚麻籽油出油率、总酚含量明显高于其他处理组,过氧化值、酸价、水分及挥发物质量分数均低于其他处理组,模拟预测货架期最长,为353 d。焙炒螺旋压榨法制得的亚麻籽油挥发性组分种类最多,为72 种,其他制油方法制得的亚麻籽油挥发性组分为40～60 种,不同制油方法对亚麻籽油挥发性组分影响明显。此外,亚麻籽油5 种主要脂肪酸中亚麻酸含量最高,为54.71～61.03 g/100 g,不同制油方法对亚麻籽油脂肪酸含量影响不明显。综上,与其他方法相比,焙炒螺旋压榨法制得的亚麻籽油品质较好。     

A novel emulsion coating and its effects on internal quality and shelf life of eggs during room temperature storage

Effects of mineral oil (MO), chitosan solution (CH) and their emulsions (MO:CH = 75:25, 50:50, and 25:75 ratios) as coating materials in preserving internal quality of eggs were evaluated during a 5‐weeks storage at 25 °C. Consumers (n = 109) evaluated surface properties and purchase intent of freshly coated eggs. As storage time increased, Haugh unit and yolk index values decreased whereas weight loss increased. Noncoated eggs rapidly changed from AA to B and C grades after 1 and 3 weeks, respectively. However, all emulsion‐coated eggs maintained their A‐grade quality for 4 weeks. Compared with noncoated eggs, all emulsion coatings reduced weight loss of eggs by at least seven times (0.88–1.03% vs. 7.14%). Only MO:CH = 25:75 emulsion‐coated eggs were not sensorially glossier than noncoated eggs. All emulsion‐coated eggs had >80% positive purchase intent and were negative for Salmonella. This study demonstrated that MO:CH emulsion coatings preserved internal quality and prolonged shelf life of eggs.     

The effect of edible eggshell coatings on egg quality and consumer perception

Effects of the various coatings (whey protein isolate, chitosan and shellac) on fresh eggs quality were evaluated based on the interior quality and sensory evaluation during 4 weeks of storage. During storage, all egg weights and albumen heights decreased and albumen pH increased. The lowest weight loss (0.75%) was observed in shellac‐coated eggs. Eggs coated with chitosan and whey protein also had significantly lower weight loss than uncoated (UC) eggs (p < 0.05). The albumen pH of the UC eggs was significantly higher than that of coated eggs and increased during storage time. The Haugh unit and yolk‐index values of all coated eggs were significantly higher than those of UC. Among the coated eggs, the shellac eggs had the highest value of Haugh unit and yolk index. Chitosan and shellac effectively maintained grade ‘A’ eggs for at least 2 weeks more than control and 1 week more than whey protein isolate. On the basis of sensory evaluation, shellac has highest glossiness, but lowest general acceptability. Eggs coated with whey protein had significantly higher general acceptability. Yolk lightness (L*)(a*) and (b*) of coated eggs were not different from UC after 4 weeks. The values of color differences were similar to controls. The study demonstrated that various coatings improved the shelf life of eggs. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

Whey protein isolate coating and concentration effects on egg shelf life

The influences of three different concentrations (6, 12 and 18%) of whey protein isolate (WPI) coatings on shelf‐life enhancements of the fresh egg quality (weight loss, pH, Haugh unit, yolk index and colors) and the shelf life were evaluated at room temperature. All coated eggs showed lower weight loss than uncoated eggs. Less weight loss (2.46 for 12% WPI and 2.38 for 18% WPI) was observed in WPI‐coated eggs. Haugh units (HU) indicated that coated eggs remained in grade ‘A’ during 3 weeks storage period, whereas uncoated (UC) changed from grade ‘A’ to ‘B’ after 1 week of storage. The HU and yolk‐index (YI) values of all WPI‐coated eggs were significantly higher than those of UC. Among the coated eggs, there were no significant differences in HU, but 12 and 18% WPI coated had higher YI than WPI 6% coated and UC. The albumen pH of the UC eggs was significantly higher than that of coated eggs. Yolk lightness (L*) and (b*); shell (a*) and (b*) of coated eggs were not different from UC after 4 weeks. Performance of WPI coatings depended on the concentration up to 12% but not between 12 and 18%. Results also indicated that WPI coatings served as protective barrier for shelf life of the eggs. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

Effectiveness of chitosan‐based coating in improving shelf‐life of eggs

Despite eggs having a natural packaging—shell—they are perishable and can lose their quality during storage. Chitosan‐based coatings were applied to shell eggs to examine potential effects on egg quality properties (weight loss, Haugh unit, yolk index) during 4 weeks of storage. Mineral amounts in yolks were also evaluated after 4 weeks of storage. Three chitosan‐based coatings produced with organic acids (acetic‐(C‐AA), lactic‐(C‐LA), and propionic (C‐PA)) were evaluated on shelf‐life enhancements of fresh egg quality. All chitosan‐coated eggs showed greater interior quality than the non‐coated eggs. The coatings significantly maintained weight loss compared to the control specimen (4.96%). Lower weight loss (3.45% for C‐PA, 3.53% for C‐LA) was observed in the coated eggs. Eggshell chitosan coat containing lactic and propionic acids maintained higher Haugh unit and yolk index than eggs coated with acetic acid. Uncoated (UC) eggs changed from grade ‘A’ to ‘B’ after 1 week of storage. Chitosan‐based coating containing lactic and propionic acids maintained eggs in grade ‘A’ for 4 weeks. Haugh unit showed that C‐LA and C‐PA effectively maintained eggs at grade ‘A’ quality for at least 3 weeks more than control and 1 week more than C‐AA. Results also indicated that the chitosan coating maintained mineral amounts at nutritional values (especially calcium, iron and magnesium concentration) in yolks after 4 weeks storage. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry     

壳聚糖-玉米油复合涂膜剂对清洁鸡蛋的保鲜效果

为改善单一组分的植物油与壳聚糖涂膜剂的缺陷,将壳聚糖与玉米油以（CH-CO）0∶100、30∶70、40∶60、50∶50混合,并加入VE、柠檬酸、牛至精油、蔗糖酯复合成新型涂膜剂,分别在22 ℃和4 ℃进行贮藏研究。结果表明,相比于对照组、A组（CH∶CO＝30∶70）、C组（CH∶CO＝50∶50）,B组（CH∶CO＝40∶60）涂膜剂对鸡蛋保鲜效果更优。22 ℃贮藏45 d后,B组鸡蛋新鲜度仍为A级,质量损失率为0.39%,哈夫单位降低20.95,蛋黄指数下降22.08%,蛋清pH值上升0.63,挥发性盐基氮（total volatile basic nitrogen,TVB-N）含量增加1.01 mg/100 g。4 ℃贮藏10 周后,鸡蛋新鲜度相当于22 ℃贮藏33 d的效果;4 ℃贮藏结束时,B组鸡蛋质量损失率为0.54%,哈夫单位下降21.56,蛋黄指数降低9.97%,蛋清pH值下降0.46,TVB-N含量增加0.2 mg/100 g。因此,B组即以40%壳聚糖、60%玉米油、0.1%牛至精油、0.03% VE、0.015 g/100 mL柠檬酸、0.2 g/100 mL蔗糖酯组合的新型涂膜剂对鸡蛋的保鲜效果最优。     

不同贮藏温度对冰淇淋品质及保质期的影响研究

通过测定产品在-12、-15、-18、-22℃及波动温度贮藏时的融化率、水分丢失和体积收缩的变化,对不同贮藏温度对冰淇淋品质的影响进行了研究。在此基础上结合Arrhenius关系式和Q10模型,选取-2、-5、-8℃进行加速试验,测定产品加速贮藏过程中水分丢失的变化,预测产品货架期。结果表明,贮藏期间冰淇淋的抗融性下降,表面水分丢失严重,且在恒温贮藏时出现严重的体积收缩。冰淇淋在-12、-15、-18、-22℃贮藏的货架期分别为45、79、233、601 d。     

不同预冷方式对西兰花货架期品质的影响

本文研究了不同预冷方式对西兰花货架期品质的影响。将三组西兰花分别做如下三种预冷处理:冷库预冷(对照)、冰预冷、冷水预冷。西兰花中心品温度降至(1±1) ℃后,将西兰花从箱中取出后将西兰花放入温度为(20±1) ℃的库中贮藏。取降至(1±1) ℃的西兰花作为初值,之后每24 h取一次样,用于各种指标的测定。测定结果表明:与冷库预冷比较,冰预冷和冷水预冷处理可以有效抑制西兰花黄化,保持西兰花的色泽和良好的感官品质;提高了西兰花V_C含量、叶绿素和硫代葡萄糖苷含量,贮藏至4 d,冰预冷和冷水预冷处理西兰花的V_C含量要比CK处理分别高出15.6%和39.2%,叶绿素含量分别是CK组的1.87倍和2.44倍,硫代葡萄糖苷的含量仍能达到0.71 mg/g;抑制了西兰花电导率和丙二醛(MDA)含量的上升;提高了西兰花抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、超氧化物岐化酶(CAT)和过氧化物酶(POD)的活性,其中冷水预冷的西兰花POD活性变化最为显著,保持在一个很高的水平,清除了西兰花体内的H₂O₂和过氧化物、促进了抗氧化系统中的物质,增强了西兰花的抗氧化能力。冰预冷和冷水预冷处理可提高西兰花感官品质,延缓西兰花衰老,延长货架期2~3 d。     

油炸卤鱼货架期和含油率的研究

研究了油炸卤鱼在贮藏期间的菌落总数、POV、AV的变化,采用加速实验找出影响货架期的主要因素是酸价,添加质量分数0.3%的茶多酚能使过氧化值降低23.09%、酸价降低26.47%。研究了油炸过程中含油率和色泽的变化,采用涂膜实验降低油炸卤鱼的含油率。比较了海藻酸钠、羧甲基纤维素钠、琼脂粉三者的涂膜效果及其对产品色泽的影响,海藻酸钠降低含油率的效果最好,能使含油率降低14.94%。     

改进型城口腊肉贮藏过程中的品质变化及货架期预测

以改进型城口腊肉为研究对象,研究在不同贮藏温度条件下其感官品质、菌落总数、酸价(acid value,AV)、过氧化值(peroxide value,POV)和硫代巴比妥酸反应物(thiobarbituric acid reactive substances,TBARS)值的变化及其相关性,以探讨改进型城口腊肉在贮藏过程中的品质变化并预测其货架期。结果表明:不同贮藏温度下腊肉的感官品质随贮藏时间的延长而逐渐降低;菌落总数、AV、POV及TBARS值均随着时间的延长而逐渐上升,且上升速率为35℃30℃25℃;通过分析不同贮藏温度下腊肉的感官评分及各理化指标之间的Pearson相关系数选出POV为货架期预测模型的关键因子;通过POV的动力学方程计算出腊肉在12、25、37℃条件下的理论货架期分别为459、93、24 d,且货架期理论值与实测值能较好符合。     

花椒油生产及其货架期麻味物质变化研究

研究以汉源红花椒和食用菜籽油为原料,采用浸泡提取的方式制备食用花椒油.在制备花椒油的过程中,考察了不同浸提温度、时间和料液比对花椒油吸光度的影响.同时进一步通过正交实验,得出了最佳的花椒油生产工艺条件.最后考察了不同储藏温度和储藏时间对花椒中麻味物质含量变化的影响,为调味品的生产提供了基础科学支撑.结果表明:汉源红花椒在食用菜籽油中的浸提温度为85℃,浸提时间为30 min,料液比为1∶2时得到的花椒油麻味物质的含量最高;制得的花椒油在0℃储存条件下麻味物质的保存效果最好,但最长储存期也不能超过1个月.     

阻抗法检测鸡蛋新鲜度

鸡蛋在贮存过程中会发生一系列物理化学变化。在实际生活中,多以感官来衡量鸡蛋的新鲜度。本实验通过设立不同贮存条件,对不同温度(4、25℃)、不同相对湿度(75%、85%、98%)组合下的6组不同条件贮存过程中鸡蛋的哈夫单位、蛋黄指数、pH值以及相对应的阻抗进行检测。结果表明,在不同条件贮存过程中鸡蛋新鲜度指标哈夫单位、蛋黄指数、pH值与阻抗之间表现出了较好的相关性,建立标准曲线,通过阻抗值的大小对应标准曲线可计算鸡蛋新鲜度。阻抗法检测鸡蛋新鲜度具有操木作简便、快速、结果准确等优点,可为蛋品企业鸡蛋的保存提供一定的理论依据。     

荔枝气调贮藏时间对货架期品质变化的影响

为掌握荔枝气调贮藏时间对贮藏品质和货架期品质的影响规律,本试验以“淮枝”荔枝为试验材料,采用液氮充注气调保鲜试验平台进行试验,研究了气调贮藏中荔枝贮藏品质的变化,以及不同气调贮藏时间的荔枝分别在低温和常温条件下货架期品质的变化。结果表明：气调贮藏过程中,可滴定酸（TA）含量、色差L＊、a＊值下降速度和质量损失率、褐变指数上升速度在气调贮藏前7d较快,而好果率、可溶性固形物（TSS）含量、色差b＊值在气调贮藏14d后下降速度较快。随着气调贮藏时间的延长,常温条件和低温条件下对应荔枝货架期品质逐渐下降,但是对比常温和低温条件下荔枝品质变化发现,低温条件下荔枝货架期品质下降速度低于常温条件,低温条件对质量损失率、好果率以及色差a‘值的影响显著,对褐变指数、TSS含量、TA含量的影响不显著。该研究为研究荔枝的气调贮藏和销售保鲜提供参考。     

不同保鲜纸对枇杷货架期品质及生理特性的影响

为探究不同保鲜纸对采后枇杷货架品质及生理特性的影响。以\