PUseqClust:一种RNA-seq数据聚类分析方法

基因的聚类分析是基因表达数据分析研究的重要技术,它按照表达谱相近原则将基因表达数据归类,探究未知的基因功能.近年来,RNA-seq技术广泛应用于测量基因表达水平,产生了大量的读段数据,为基因表达聚类分析提供了充分条件.由于读段非均匀分布的特性,对读段计数一般采用负二项分布进行建模.现有的负二项分布算法和传统的聚类算法对于聚类分析都是直接对读段计数进行建模,没有充分考虑实验本身存在的各种噪声,以及基因表达水平测量的不确定性,或者对聚类中心的不确定性考虑不够.基于PGSeq模型,模拟读段的随机产生过程,采用拉普拉斯方法考虑多条件多重复基因表达水平之间的相关性,获得了基因表达水平的不确定性,联合混合t分布聚类模型,提出PUseqClust （propagating uncertainty into RNA-seq clustering）框架进行RNA-seq读段数据的聚类分析.实验结果表明,该方法相比其他方法获得了更具生物意义的聚类结果.     

数据挖掘常用聚类算法研究

信息社会的发展,使数据量以前所未有的速度在增长,因此从海量数据中获取有用的知识和信息就变得越来越重要。数据挖掘是一种综合多领域知识而形成的数据分析技术,能够从大量数据中获取有价值的知识并为决策提供支持。聚类分析算法是数据挖掘中的一个核心内容,也是目前研究的一个热点。该文首先讲述了基于划分的聚类算法、基于分层的聚类算法、基于密度的聚类算法和基于网格的聚类算法等常用的聚类分析算法,并分析了其特点;然后通过举例详细描述了最近邻聚类算法的操作过程。聚类算法的总结,对聚类的研究和发展具有积极意义。     

一种共调控基因C均值模糊聚类算法

聚类方法在基因表达数据分析中发挥着非常重要的作用,但基因表达数据相对其他领域的数据具有自身的特性,因此传统的数据距离定义和聚类方法已不能完全满足研究者对生物数据的分析要求。提出一种基于泊松分布的数据距离度量方式TransChisq,它以一种全新的视角定义了基因数据之间的距离,鉴于模糊聚类算法能够更加深刻地描述复杂的基因作用关系,将TransChisq距离与模糊聚类方法相结合对模糊C均值算法进行改进,并应用于真实基因表达数据分析。实验结果表明,该方法能够按照生物学的真实分类将基因表达数据聚类,并且可以发现更多的共调控基因,更加满足了基因表达数据分析的需要。     

数据挖掘常用聚类算法研究

信息社会的发展,使数据量以前所未有的速度在增长,因此从海量数据中获取有用的知识和信息就变得越来越重要。数据挖掘是一种综合多领域知识而形成的数据分析技术,能够从大量数据中获取有价值的知识并为决策提供支持。聚类分析算法是数据挖掘中的一个核心内容,也是目前研究的一个热点。该文首先讲述了基于划分的聚类算法、基于分层的聚类算法、基于密度的聚类算法和基于网格的聚类算法等常用的聚类分析算法,并分析了其特点;然后通过举例详细描述了最近邻聚类算法的操作过程。聚类算法的总结,对聚类的研究和发展具有积极意义。     

小波包分解和模糊聚类下的基因表达数据分析

针对基因表达数据中存在的噪声对聚类分析结果准确度的影响问题,提出了一种基于小波包分解的基因表达数据模糊聚类分析方案,介绍了理论根据和算法,给出了Matlab仿真结果,并与其他方法聚类的结果进行了比较。结果表明提出的方法能够减少传统聚类方法受到噪声影响的程度,能够挖掘出基因表达数据在时间上的行为特征,对与细胞周期调控有关的基因表达数据的聚类结果划分更为准确和细致。     

基因微阵列数据的聚类分析算法研究

微阵列技术是后基因组时代功能基因组研究的主要工具。基因表达谱数据的聚类分析对于研究基因功能和基因调控机制有重要意义。针对聚类算法要求事先确定簇的个数、对噪声敏感和可伸缩性差的问题,基于密度聚类算法DBSCAN和共享近邻SharedNearestNeighbors(SNN)的不同的特点,提出了一种新的最近邻先吸收的聚类算法,将其应用于一个公开的酵母细胞同期数据集,并用评价方法FOM将聚类结果与K-means聚类方法的结果进行了比较。结果表明,该文的聚类算法优于其他聚类算法,聚类结果具有明显的生物学意义,并能对数据的类别数作出较好的预测和评估。     

基于MapReduce的人工蜂群算法在大数据中的应用

随着信息技术的不断进步,数据规模不断增大。聚类是一种典型的数据分析方法,尤其是对大规模数据进行聚类分析近年来备受关注。针对现有序列聚类算法在对大规模数据进行聚类时,在内存空间和计算时间方面开销较大的问题,提出了基于MapReduce的人工蜂群聚类算法,通过引入MapReduce并行编程范式,快速计算聚类中心适应度,可实现对大规模数据的高效聚类。基于仿真和真实的磁盘驱动器制造两类数据,对算法的聚类效果、可扩展性和聚类效率进行了验证。实验结果表明,与现有PK-Means算法和并行K-PSO算法相比,论文算法具有更好的聚类效果、更强的扩展性和更高的聚类效率。     

一种适用于基因表达数据的特征加权FCM算法*

针对FCM算法应用于基因表达数据分析时存在的局限性,提出一种特征加权自适应FCM算法。该算法在FCM算法的基础上引入数据集预处理机制,可依据数据集的分布特征自适应地获取分类数目和初始聚类中心,并通过ReliefF算法实现特征权值的自动确定。同时,新算法考虑了不同属性对分类贡献的差异,在FCM算法中引入特征权重。将算法应用于真实基因表达数据集,实验结果表明,算法能够自适应地确定聚类数目、获得稳定性较好的聚类结果,而且具有较高的聚类精度。     

基于曲线距离分析的嵌入式增强聚类算法

针对传统数据分析方法对高维数据进行聚类分析时存在的操作过程繁琐及准确率低等缺陷,提出基于曲线距离分析的嵌入式增强聚类算法(ECE-CDA).计算高维空间中数据点之间的成对曲线距离并由聚类引导将其映射到低维空间,构造权重函数保持局部拓扑结构不变性.该算法简化了数据分析过程,同时实现降维和聚类,可作为通用的高精度框架.在12个公共数据集上的实验结果表明,该算法能有效进行数据降维并大幅提高模型的聚类精度.     

基于传输互表达的基因表达数据聚类分析

针对基因表达数据基于表达相似的聚类分析并不能完全揭示基因之间的功能相似问题,结合基因的传输互表达关系,提出基于传输互表达的聚类分析方法。首先用基因的表达相关来构建基因相关图,然后通过最短路分析来获得基因之间传输互表达关系并作为基因的相似测度,再用k-均值聚类算法进行聚类分析。对Yeast基因表达数据进行聚类实验,并与基于表达相似的聚类结果对比。实验结果表明,基于传输互表达的聚类方法能获得更好的聚类性能和较高的聚类正确率,验证基于传输互表达的基因聚类更能揭示基因相似的本质。     

Cluster analysis for gene expression data: a survey

DNA microarray technology has now made it possible to simultaneously monitor the expression levels of thousands of genes during important biological processes and across collections of related samples. Elucidating the patterns hidden in gene expression data offers a tremendous opportunity for an enhanced understanding of functional genomics. However, the large number of genes and the complexity of biological networks greatly increases the challenges of comprehending and interpreting the resulting mass of data, which often consists of millions of measurements. A first step toward addressing this challenge is the use of clustering techniques, which is essential in the data mining process to reveal natural structures and identify interesting patterns in the underlying data. Cluster analysis seeks to partition a given data set into groups based on specified features so that the data points within a group are more similar to each other than the points in different groups. A very rich literature on cluster analysis has developed over the past three decades. Many conventional clustering algorithms have been adapted or directly applied to gene expression data, and also new algorithms have recently been proposed specifically aiming at gene expression data. These clustering algorithms have been proven useful for identifying biologically relevant groups of genes and samples. In this paper, we first briefly introduce the concepts of microarray technology and discuss the basic elements of clustering on gene expression data. In particular, we divide cluster analysis for gene expression data into three categories. Then, we present specific challenges pertinent to each clustering category and introduce several representative approaches. We also discuss the problem of cluster validation in three aspects and review various methods to assess the quality and reliability of clustering results. Finally, we conclude this paper and suggest the promising trends in this field.     

GAEBic: A Novel Biclustering Analysis Method for miRNA-Targeted Gene Data Based on Graph Autoencoder

Unlike traditional clustering analysis,the biclustering algorithm works simultaneously on two dimensions of samples (row) and variables (column).In recent years,biclustering methods have been developed rapidly and widely applied in biological data analysis,text clustering,recommendation system and other fields.The traditional clustering algorithms cannot be well adapted to process high-dimensional data and/or large-scale data.At present,most of the biclustering algorithms are designed for the differentially expressed big biological data.However,there is little discussion on binary data clustering mining such as miRNA-targeted gene data.Here,we propose a novel biclustering method for miRNA-targeted gene data based on graph autoencoder named as GAEBic.GAEBic applies graph autoencoder to capture the similarity of sample sets or variable sets,and takes a new irregular clustering strategy to mine biclusters with excellent generalization.Based on the miRNA-targeted gene data of soybean,we benchmark several different types of the biclustering algorithm,and find that GAEBic performs better than Bimax,Bibit and the Spectral Biclustering algorithm in terms of target gene enrichment.This biclustering method achieves comparable performance on the high throughput miRNA data of soybean and it can also be used for other species.     

An evolutionary computational model applied to cluster analysis of DNA microarray data

This paper proposes a new hierarchical clustering method using genetic algorithms for the analysis of gene expression data. This method is based on the mathematical proof of several results, showing its effectiveness with regard to other clustering methods. Genetic algorithms applied to cluster analysis have disclosed good results on biological data and many studies have been carried out in this sense, although most of them are focused on partitional clustering methods. Even though there are few studies that attempt to use genetic algorithms for building hierarchical clustering, they do not include constraints that allow us to reduce the complexity of the problem. Therefore, these studies become intractable problems for large data sets. On the other hand, the deterministic hierarchical clustering methods generally face the problem of convergence towards local optimums due to their greedy strategy. The method introduced here is an alternative to solve some of the problems existing methods face. The results of the experiments have shown that our approach can be very effective in cluster analysis of DNA microarray data.     

Gene expression data analysis with the clustering method based on an improved quantum-behaved Particle Swarm Optimization

Microarray technology has been widely applied in study of measuring gene expression levels for thousands of genes simultaneously. In this technology, gene cluster analysis is useful for discovering the function of gene because co-expressed genes are likely to share the same biological function. Many clustering algorithms have been used in the field of gene clustering. This paper proposes a new scheme for clustering gene expression datasets based on a modified version of Quantum-behaved Particle Swarm Optimization (QPSO) algorithm, known as the Multi-Elitist QPSO (MEQPSO) model. The proposed clustering method also employs a one-step K-means operator to effectively accelerate the convergence speed of the algorithm. The MEQPSO algorithm is tested and compared with some other recently proposed PSO and QPSO variants on a suite of benchmark functions. Based on the computer simulations, some empirical guidelines have been provided for selecting the suitable parameters of MEQPSO clustering. The performance of MEQPSO clustering algorithm has been extensively compared with several optimization-based algorithms and classical clustering algorithms over several artificial and real gene expression datasets. Our results indicate that MEQPSO clustering algorithm is a promising technique and can be widely used for gene clustering.     

SignatureClust: a tool for landmark gene-guided clustering

Over the last several years, many clustering algorithms have been applied to gene expression data. However, most clustering algorithms force the user into having one set of clusters, resulting in a restrictive biological interpretation of gene function. It would be difficult to interpret the complex biological regulatory mechanisms and genetic interactions from this restrictive interpretation of microarray expression data. The software package SignatureClust allows users to select a group of functionally related genes (called ‘Landmark Genes’), and to project the gene expression data onto these genes. Compared to existing algorithms and software in this domain, our software package offers two unique benefits. First, by selecting different sets of landmark genes, it enables the user to cluster the microarray data from multiple biological perspectives. This encourages data exploration and discovery of new gene associations. Second, most packages associated with clustering provide internal validation measures, whereas our package validates the biological significance of the new clusters by retrieving significant ontology and pathway terms associated with the new clusters. SignatureClust is a free software tool that enables biologists to get multiple views of the microarray data. It highlights new gene associations that were not found using a traditional clustering algorithm. The software package ‘SignatureClust’ and the user manual can be downloaded from .     

A Novel Soft Clustering Approach for Gene Expression Data

Gene expression data represents a condition matrix where each row represents the gene and the column shows the condition. Micro array used to detect gene expression in lab for thousands of gene at a time. Genes encode proteins which in turn will dictate the cell function. The production of messenger RNA along with processing the same are the two main stages involved in the process of gene expression. The biological networks complexity added with the volume of data containing imprecision and outliers increases the challenges in dealing with them. Clustering methods are hence essential to identify the patterns present in massive gene data. Many techniques involve hierarchical, partitioning, grid based, density based, model based and soft clustering approaches for dealing with the gene expression data. Understanding the gene regulation and other useful information from this data can be possible only through effective clustering algorithms. Though many methods are discussed in the literature, we concentrate on providing a soft clustering approach for analyzing the gene expression data. The population elements are grouped based on the fuzziness principle and a degree of membership is assigned to all the elements. An improved Fuzzy clustering by Local Approximation of Memberships (FLAME) is proposed in this work which overcomes the limitations of the other approaches while dealing with the non-linear relationships and provide better segregation of biological functions.     

On biological validity indices for soft clustering algorithms for gene expression data

Unsupervised clustering methods such as K-means, hierarchical clustering and fuzzy c-means have been widely applied to the analysis of gene expression data to identify biologically relevant groups of genes. Recent studies have suggested that the incorporation of biological information into validation methods to assess the quality of clustering results might be useful in facilitating biological and biomedical knowledge discoveries. In this study, we generalize two bio-validity indices, the biological homogeneity index and the biological stability index, to quantify the abilities of soft clustering algorithms such as fuzzy c-means and model-based clustering. The results of an evaluation of several existing soft clustering algorithms using simulated and real data sets indicate that the soft versions of the indices provide both better precision and better accuracy than the classical ones. The significance of the proposed indices is also discussed.     

Clustering of high throughput gene expression data

High throughput biological data need to be processed, analyzed, and interpreted to address problems in life sciences. Bioinformatics, computational biology, and systems biology deal with biological problems using computational methods. Clustering is one of the methods used to gain insight into biological processes, particularly at the genomics level. Clearly, clustering can be used in many areas of biological data analysis. However, this paper presents a review of the current clustering algorithms designed especially for analyzing gene expression data. It is also intended to introduce one of the main problems in bioinformatics – clustering gene expression data – to the operations research community.     

An evolutionary clustering algorithm for gene expression microarray data analysis

Clustering is concerned with the discovery of interesting groupings of records in a database. Many algorithms have been developed to tackle clustering problems in a variety of application domains. In particular, some of them have been used in bioinformatics research to uncover inherent clusters in gene expression microarray data. In this paper, we show how some popular clustering algorithms have been used for this purpose. Based on experiments using simulated and real data, we also show that the performance of these algorithms can be further improved. For more effective clustering of gene expression microarray data, which is typically characterized by a lot of noise, we propose a novel evolutionary algorithm called evolutionary clustering (EvoCluster). EvoCluster encodes an entire cluster grouping in a chromosome so that each gene in the chromosome encodes one cluster. Based on such encoding scheme, it makes use of a set of reproduction operators to facilitate the exchange of grouping information between chromosomes. The fitness function that the EvoCluster adopts is able to differentiate between how relevant a feature value is in determining a particular cluster grouping. As such, instead of just local pairwise distances, it also takes into consideration how clusters are arranged globally. Unlike many popular clustering algorithms, EvoCluster does not require the number of clusters to be decided in advance. Also, patterns hidden in each cluster can be explicitly revealed and presented for easy interpretation even by casual users. For performance evaluation, we have tested EvoCluster using both simulated and real data. Experimental results show that it can be very effective and robust even in the presence of noise and missing values. Also, when correlating the gene expression microarray data with DNA sequences, we were able to uncover significant biological binding sites (both previously known and unknown) in each cluster discovered by EvoCluster.     

谱聚类算法研究综述

聚类分析是一种常见的分析方法,谱聚类作为聚类分析的一支,因其不受样本形状约束等特点备受瞩目。为及时掌握当前谱聚类算法研究动态,通过对比分析众多谱聚类优化算法,从半监督学习、二阶段聚类算法选择、算法执行效率优化等三个角度,将谱聚类优化算法分为三类,并对每类算法的优化思想进行综述。介绍经典多路谱聚类与基本理论,并分析相似矩阵及其特征值、特征向量选取原因及影响,旨在明确特征矩阵的重要性与优化的必要性。基于算法改进策略差异,梳理并总结每类算法的改进思想、研究现状及优缺点。在UCI数据集与手写体数据集上,针对谱聚类算法与优化算法进行实验对比,并对谱聚类优化算法的未来研究方向进行展望。