片状铝粉的制备及其活性?

采用立式球磨机,在乙酸乙酯溶剂中对平均粒径14μm的球形铝粉进行球磨,制备了具有高活性的片状铝粉。采用激光粒度仪和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对铝粉球磨前、后的粒度及形貌进行了分析。用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)对铝粉球磨前、后晶型进行了表征,发现球磨2 h后,得到的粒径大小为1μm的片状铝粉,其晶形与原料铝粉晶形一致。通过氧化还原滴定法测试了球磨前、后铝粉中活性铝的质量分数,分别为90.41%和98.42%。采用TG-DSC法对球磨前、后的铝粉进行了热反应特性研究,发现片状铝粉在480~980℃时,氧化增重84.8%,氧化反应活性明显高于原料铝粉。因此,铝粉片状化能够提高推进剂以及火炸药体系的能量。     

反应条件对SiO_2包覆片状铝粉表面形貌的影响

以硅酸钠(Na2SiO3.9H2O)和片状铝粉为原料,在缓冲溶液中制备SiO2包覆片状铝粉,研究不同pH值、温度、包覆量等对铝粉表面SiO2包覆层形貌的影响;用场发射扫描电镜表征包覆层的形貌,并测定粉体中SiO2的含量。结果表明:溶液pH、温度对包覆层的形貌有较大影响;在反应温度为85℃、pH=9.5的条件下,铝粉表面形成致密、表面平滑的SiO2包覆层。     

铝粉对化学敏化水胶炸药性能影响的实验研究

为研究不同形状和含量的铝粉对化学敏化水胶炸药性能的影响,在水胶炸药中分别添加质量分数为1％、2％、3％、4％片状和粒状铝粉.对比分析添加不同的质量分数及不同形状铝粉水胶炸药的爆热、爆速和猛度变化情况.结果表明:随着铝粉质量分数从0％增加到4％,炸药的爆热增加,爆速和猛度下降.当炸药中分别添加质量分数为4％的片状铝粉和粒状铝粉的水胶炸药比不含铝粉的水胶炸药,其爆热分别提高了17.99％、16.54％,爆速分别降低了15.12％、13.27％,猛度分别下降了18.18％、16.78％.     

干法球磨从废铝边角料中制取片状铝粉工艺研究

对在氮气惰性气氛下,利用废弃铝边角料生产片状铝粉的可行性进行了研究。发现在球磨过程中,废铝片通过钢球的微锻作用相互挤压分层,延展,细碎,最后形成片状铝粉,球罐中的钢球球径大小与片状铝粉的产出性能有着重要的关系,球径大的钢球研磨对铝粉的形成更有利;在球磨的前25h,适当次数的间歇停机冷却球罐可以提高铝粉的细度;硬脂酸的加入可以减少铝粉与铝粉,铝粉与钢球或罐壁的摩擦,降低球磨效率,加入3%的硬脂酸作为助磨剂球磨效果最佳。所得片状铝粉可用于指纹鉴定、加气节能混凝土等。     

金色闪光铝粉颜料的制备研究

本文采用乳液聚合法将聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)包覆在片状闪光铝粉颜料表面,得到了具有金色闪光效果的铝粉颜料.通过扫描电镜(SEM)照片表明在铝粉颗粒表面可形成厚度均匀的PMMA包覆干涉层;通过差热分析(TG)、光电子能谱(XPS)对片状铝粉表面结构进行分析,得出铝粉颗粒表面确实存在PMMA的包覆层且PMMA与铝粉颗粒是以化学键作用相结合.     

高能球磨制备纳米片状铝粉碰撞模型

利用Benjaminm碰撞模型推导出高能研磨制备片状铝粉研磨过程中研磨时间与粉体片厚和片状铝粉中位径D50的关系方程式，研究结果表明，研磨时间与纳米粉体片厚呈反比关系，与粉体的平均粒度D50呈正比关系。用该模型计算的片厚与D50跟实验值吻合较好。该模型也可推广应用到高能球磨制备其他纳米片状金属及合金粉体，以及用于指导工业生产和优化工艺。     

铝粉/聚四氟乙烯机械活化含能材料的制备及其微观性能研究

为了研究铝粉/聚四氟乙烯机械活化含能材料的微观性能,利用自制高能球磨机制备了不同球磨时间的机械活化含能材料,利用场发射扫描电镜分析了机械活化含能材料的微观形貌及表面元素分布,利用X射线衍射仪和红外光谱仪表征了材料的物相结构和化学结构。进一步利用分子动力学手段研究了铝粉的不同晶面与聚四氟乙烯的相互作用。结果表明,在长时间的强机械能作用下,聚四氟乙烯和铝粉紧密接触在一起,形成直径为100μm左右的薄片状复合物;球磨20min以后,铝粉和聚四氟乙烯分散得较为均匀,但离完全均匀分散还有一定差距;高能球磨仅能引起铝粉/聚四氟乙烯复合材料微观物理结构的变化;分子动力学计算显示,铝粉的不同晶面与聚四氟乙烯相互作用的过程中,范德华力占主导地位。     

球磨法制备高活性铝粉

为提高含铝炸药爆热性能,探索高活性金属铝粉的制备方法,采用立式球磨机对球形铝粉进行处理,研究球磨机的搅拌转速、球磨时间、助磨剂的配比对活性铝粉粒径、形貌、热性能的影响;利用扫描电子显微镜、激光粒度测试仪和同步热分析仪检测活性铝粉形貌、粒径及热分解特性;采用热分析参数法测定活性铝含量。结果表明:制备活性铝粉的最佳条件为搅拌转速1 100 r/min,研磨时间4 h,助磨剂占铝粉质量比4%;制备的活性铝粉粒径d_(50)为1.108μm,片状,活性铝质量分数由90.42%增加到98.42%;用于含铝炸药中,爆热值由6 805 kJ/kg增加到7 642 kJ/kg。     

片状金属颜料在防腐蚀涂层中的应用

叙述了片状锌粉、铝粉、锌铝合金粉和不锈钢粉等鳞片状金属颜料的制备方法和研究进展;介绍了这些片状金属颜料在防腐蚀涂层中的应用现状,并简述了其未来的发展方向。     

表面活性剂预处理铝粉包覆聚合物后的分散和耐蚀性能

为了提高片状铝粉的耐腐蚀性能和分散性能,采用3类表面活性剂对片状铝粉进行表面预处理,运用原位溶液聚合法使丙烯酸(AA)、丙烯酸丁酯(BA)在铝粉表面聚合,获得了聚(丙烯酸-丙烯酸丁酯)/铝粉[P(AA-BA)/Al]复合粒子。通过析氢试验、透光率对包覆铝粉进行了检测,研究了不同表面活性剂预处理对P(AA-BA)/Al复合粒子耐腐蚀性能、分散性能的影响,同时,还采用FTIR和激光粒度分析对经十二烷基苯磺钠(SDBS)预处理后包覆得到的复合粒子进行了表征。结果表明:采用十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)预处理并用AA,BA和偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)包覆后的铝粉具有良好的分散性能,用聚乙二醇(PEG)预处理、包覆后的铝粉耐腐蚀性能优良,而经SDBS预处理、包覆后铝粉耐腐蚀性能及分散性能都得到了明显的改善。     

The effects of additives on the properties and structure of hot-pressed aluminium titanate ceramics

The effects of additives (MgO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂, Al₂O₃-SiO₂, Si₃N₄, SiC) on the properties and structure of hot-pressed aluminium titanate ceramics were studied. The results showed that the bending strength of aluminium titanate ceramics with additives was improved greatly, while the thermal expansion coefficient was also increased due to the change of structure for aluminium titanate ceramics. The results of X-ray diffraction patterns showed that a solid state reaction occurred between the additives and aluminium titanate, and a solid solution was formed.     

MEMS-SPMT用推进剂的热稳定性和能量特性研究

以斯蒂芬酸铅作为推进剂的主要组分,硝化棉为粘接剂,通过添加高氯酸铵、细铝粉,得到了可用于MEMS-SPMT的推进剂。采用DSC研究了高氯酸铵、铝粉、硝化棉对斯蒂芬酸铅热稳定性的影响,研究了4种推进剂配方的热解特性,并利用CEA软件进行热力计算,研究了2种喷管扩张比(面积比)下4种推进剂配方的能量特性。结果表明,高氯酸铵和铝对斯蒂芬酸铅的热稳定性无明显影响,硝化棉能降低斯蒂芬酸铅的热稳定性。硝化棉与高氯酸铵质量比大的推进剂热稳定性较低。增加硝化棉、高氯酸铵的质量含量和增大喷管扩张比均能提高推进剂比冲。     

The effect of flame-retardants on the properties of acrylic and modacrylic fibres

In this study, flame-retardant additives such as tributyl phosphate, tri(dibromopropyl) phosphate, aluminium hydroxide powder and aluminium hydroxide gel are used for acrylic fibre (acrylonitrile and vinyl acetate copolymer), and calcium phosphate and antimony oxide are introduced into modacrylic fibre (acrylonitrile and vinylidene chloride copolymer). Investigations are carried out on the effect of these flame-retardants on the thermal properties, mechanical properties, morphology and flammability of acrylic and modacrylic fibres. The results show that the effect of additives on the rate of coagulation during spinning can be understood from the changee of morphology of the fibres. Tri(dibromopropyl) phosphate and antimony oxide are good flame-retardant and good synergistic flame retardant, respectively.     

Role of inorganic additives on the ballistic performance of gun propellant formulations

This paper explores the possibility of increasing the ballistic performance of gun propellant with the addition of inorganic additives viz. aluminium and ammonium perchlorate. Compositions based on propellant NQ containing additional aluminium and ammonium perchlorate in different parts were studied theoretically and experimentally. Performance in respect of ballistic parameters, sensitivity, thermal characteristics, thermal stability and mechanical properties are evaluated and compared with that of the conventional triple base propellant NQ. Experimental data on comparative study indicate that the compositions containing aluminium and ammonium perchlorate are superior to propellant NQ in respect of energy.     

Effect of oxide additive in silicon nitride on interfacial structure and strength of silicon nitride joints brazed with aluminium

Silicon nitride ceramics with Y₂O₃ and Al₂O₃ as sintering additives were brazed with aluminium, and the brazed strength and the interfacial structure of the joints were compared with those of the joints made of additive-free silicon nitride ceramics. It is concluded that the additives in silicon nitride ceramics take part in the interfacial reaction, make the reaction layer thicker, and hence increase the brazed strength greatly.     

原位反应自生成氮化铝的研究

为研究原位自生氮化铝的可行性,以及掺杂元素、温度等实验条件对氮化过程的影响,在１０００℃高纯氮气氛下,分别对不同成分的合金进行直接氮化实验．通过化学成分分析、Ｘ－ｒａｙ衍射分析等实验手段,从热力学角度分析了原位反应自生成ＡＩＮ的可能性．包括掺杂元素Ｍｇ、Ｓｉ的热力学行为,以及铝合金熔体的氮化反应过程分析．在恒温热重实验基础上,探讨了掺杂元素、氮化温度等条件对氮化反应速率影响．     

不同添加剂对石墨材料高温粘结性能的影响

在以酚醛树脂(ＰＦ)和碳化硼(Ｂ_４Ｃ)为原料的高温粘结剂基础上,Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３,Ｓｉ和白炭黑(超细ＳｉＯ_２)作为第二种添加剂分别加入到粘结剂中以制备新型高温粘结剂,并对石墨材料进行粘结．用新型高温粘结剂粘结的石墨部件分别在２００、８００、１５００℃下热处理,并在室温条件下测试其剪切强度．结果表明,复合添加剂对石墨粘结部件的粘结性能有明显的影响．其中,酚醛树脂＋Ｂ_４Ｃ＋白炭黑粘结剂具有较为理想的粘结性能,白炭黑的添加对提高石墨材料的高温粘结性能具有明显的作用．     

Corrosive properties in experimental Ni-Cu-Mn-based alloy systems for dental purposes

Experimental Ni-Cu-Mn-based alloys containing additives were studied to find their corrosive properties in tarnishing tests. The microstructural features revealed interdendritic areas with small corroded regions. In 30Ni-30Cu-40Mn-based alloys which were respectively substituted by aluminium, tin, aluminium and indium (Al-In), Al-Sn and Al-Sn-In the maximum roughness values in the surface roughness curves ranged from 2.0 to 7.2µm. Each corrosion-resistant alloy system which contained additive elements of Al-In, Al-Si, Ca-Si-C and P-Fe had a smooth surface with a maximum roughness value of 0.8 to 2.0 µm.     

A comprehensive review on the hydro metallurgical process for the production of nickel and copper powders by hydrogen reduction

Production of nickel and copper powders from leach solutions and other aqueous streams by hydrogen reduction under pressure has been reviewed in the present paper. By optimising the optimum process condition, powders or composite materials of required specification could be produced from different types of acidic and alkaline solutions by coating nickel or copper powders on the secondary materials such as graphite, tungsten carbide and aluminium. The paper also highlights the kinetics of reduction and the use of various inorganic and organic additives to improve the quality of the powder on bench and commercial scale. Effect of various experimental factors such as pH of the solution, concentration of metals, particle size and nature of additives, operating condition of autoclave, etc. on the rate of reduction and quality of powder are also discussed.     

Wärmebehandlung laserdispergierter Aluminiumrandschichten

Heat treatment of laser fused aluminium surfaces In the presented paper laser fused aluminium surface layers are studied. Substrat is a hypereutectic AlSi 20-alloy; additives are powder mixtures of B₄C and Ni in different weight rates. The specimens are heat treated at 300°C and 540°C. The influence of filler mixture and heat treatment are investigated on hardness and friction behavior. It is aimed on finding a filler mixture thats leads to a surface layer with an optimum combination of hardness, friction behavior and thermal stability.