Synergistic Effect on Wettability of Mixtures of Amine Oxides,Alkylpolyglucosides, and Ethoxylated Fatty Alcohols

The mixture proportions of three surfactants, i.e. an alkylpolyglucoside (APG), an ethoxylated fatty alcohol, and an amine oxide (AO), were optimized by applying Response Surface Methodology in order to achieve the surfactant ratio that produces the highest wetting power. The synergistic effect of the binary samples of AO with the other surfactants was firstly verified. An improvement in this synergistic effect on wettability was found in the ternary mixture. In the experimental range analyzed, the surfactant concentration ratio that produced the highest wettability was a composition with 19.3 % APG, 30.1 % ethoxylated alcohol, and 50.6 % lauramine oxide.     

丙烯酸改性松香聚氧乙烯醚磺酸钠的合成

以松香为原料,用丙烯酸进行改性后再与环氧乙烷聚合,然后用氯磺化处理制得丙烯酸改性松香聚氧乙烯醚磺酸钠阴离子表面活性剂。探讨了影响因素和工艺条件,测定了其表面化学性能,结果表明,所得产品是一种性能优良的表面活性剂,尤其适合松香的乳化。     

On the low frequency dielectric behavior of carboxymethyl cellulose and its sodium salt

A dielectric dispersion and frequency loss peak within the low frequency range 0.05–1 kc/s and at temperatures of 283–333 K was observed in the case of the sodium salt of carboxymethyl cellulose and absent in the case of its acid form. The critical frequency of the dielectric absorption was independent of molecular weight and of the presence of low moisture content. The results obtained show that the variation with temperature of the dielectric constant is exponential at low frequency only in the case of the sodium salt of carboxymethyl cellulose. The significance of the results is discussed.     

有机硅改性热反应型水基聚氨酯

用氨丙基聚硅氧烷与PU预聚体反应生成合硅氧烷的PU预聚体,通过NaHSO3封闭NCO基,并在水中分散制得有机硅改性热反应型水基聚氨酯乳液。考察了有机硅含量对封闭率和解封速率以及乳液粒径的影响。     

Determination of relative ethoxylation rate constants from supercritical fluid chromatographic analysis of ethoxylated alcohols

Based on ethylene oxide distributions in ethoxylated alcohols determined by supercritical fluid chromatography, a flexible computer model has been developed and applied to calculate relative ethoxylation rate constants for base-catalyzed ethoxylations of normal octanol. These distribution coefficients are not substantially affected by the presence of another alcohol and were found to increase with increasing ethylene oxide content of the reactant ethoxylates. Their values, however, change as the average ethylene oxide content of the ethoxylated alcohol reaction medium increases. Using distribution coefficients averaged over an ethylene oxide/alcohol molar ratio range of 2 to 10, model predictions closely match experimentally determined ethylene oxide oligomer distributions. Presented in part at the 80th AOCS National Meeting in Cincinnati, OH, in May 1989.     

Quantitative determination of ethylene oxide oligomer distribution in ethoxylated alkylphenol carboxymethyl ether salts by thin-layer chromatography

A two-dimensional thin-layer chromatographic (TLC) method was used to separate a mixture of ethoxylated alkylphenol carboxymethyl ether salts and unconverted ethoxylated alkylphenol ether with the first eluent, which was then developed at right angles with EtOAc/HOAc/H₂O as the second eluent to resolve the individual ethylene oxide oligomer adducts. Scanning densitometry was used for quantitation. The surfactant's degree of conversion, average ethoxylate number and its distribution were simultaneously determined on a single TLC plate.     

Rheological properties of highly concentrated anthracite coal-water slurries stabilized with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose

The rheological behavior of highly concentrated hydrosuspensions based on anthracite stabilized with the use of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose of different molecular weights and degrees of substitution was studied. It was found that the hydrosuspensions of low-ash anthracite exhibited a viscoplastic flow in the presence of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose. It was revealed that the adsorption of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose on anthracite particles and the structurization of the dispersion medium due to the formation of a polymer network contribute to the stabilization of hydrosuspensions.     

Effects of ethoxylate structure on surfactant properties of ethoxylated fatty methyl esters

In the presence of a surface-modified Al-Mg composite oxide catalyst, ethoxylated fatty methyl esters with different hydrophobic group structures and different chain-lengths of polyoxyethylene were synthesized from fatty methyl esters by direct ethoxylation. Each ethoxylated fatty methyl ester obtained showed a narrow ethylene oxide (EO) adduct distribution. Foaming, ability to lower surface tension, ability to lower interfacial tension, wettability, and dye solubilization were measured. Ethoxylated methyl laurate with about 60 to 70% EO content was found to be the most suitable as a base surfactant for household detergents     

降低脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚产品中游离环氧乙烷含量的研究

乙氧基化生产过程中,通过正交试验,找出最优工艺条件,在固定投料量的基础上,调整催化剂用量,增加熟化工艺,延长气提时间,降低产品中游离环氧乙烷（EO）含量,使得下游磺化生产中二恶烷的含量处于较低水平。     

Ethoxylated nonyl phenols and ethoxylated fatty alcohols–ceric ion redox systems for aqueous polymerization of vinyl monomers

Ethoxylated nonyl phenols, ethoxylated fatty alcohols, and ceric ammonium nitrate redox systems were used for the polymerization of vinyl and acrylic monomers such as acrylonitrile, styrene, and acrylic acid. The initiating radical was formed on reducing organic compound which in turn initiated polymerization to give polymers containing chain ends of ethoxylated nonyl phenols and ethoxylated fatty alcohols that showed much higher water absorption. The effects of the concentration of Ce⁺⁴ salt, ethoxylated nonyl phenols, and monomers on both the yield and the molecular weight of corresponding polymers were studied. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 82: 310–313, 2001     

Anionic hydrotropes for industrial and institutional rinse aids

The effectiveness of eight commercial hydrotropes having differing structures (sodium xylenesulfonate, sodium-2-ethyl hexysulfate, phosphate ester of oxyethylated phenol, amine alkylaryl sulfonate, linear alkyl naphthalene sulfonate, TEA salt of DDBS, sodium dihexyl sulfosuccinate, and sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate) was evaluated with seven commercial rinse aid surfactants of the following structural types: block copolymers and alcohol oxyalkylates with high and low levels of ethylene oxide. Two hydrotrope levels (3 and 6 wt %) were evaluated at two surfactant levels (20 and 40 wt %). Dispersibility, compatibility index, and blender foam heights were measured; the test methods are described.     

木浆制备钻井液用低黏羧甲基纤维素钠盐

低黏羧甲基纤维素钠盐是一种优异的降滤失剂,国内大多以精制棉为原料、选用溶媒法工艺生产该产品。本文选用造纸木浆为原料,采用工艺简单的水媒法制备钻井液用低黏羧甲基纤维素钠盐。通过纤维浆的优选、醚化剂制备工艺的确定、设计取代度的确定、水量的确定以及降解剂用量的确定,进行工艺条件调整,最终确定了产品的配方。     

Separation and quantitative determination of active ingredients in detergent formulations

During the past few years, the increasing complexity of detergent formulations has required the analytical detergent chemists to devise many new and complicated separation schemes. This paper describes a method which allows the separation and quantitative determination of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS), ethoxylated alcohol sulfate (AES), alcohol sulfate (AS), free nonionic and amine oxide in detergent formulations. A combination of ion exchange, chemical separations, and gas chromatography is used in the described method. In addition to quantitating the types of “active” material listed, the ethylene oxide content of the ethoxylated alcohol sulfate and the homolog distribution of the alcohol hydrophobe in both the ethoxylated alcohol sulfate and the alcohol sulfate are obtained. This separation scheme is applicable to either liquid or powdered detergent formulations.     

SEM studies of surfactant‐assisted micro‐mixing of melamine and wax particles

The validity of the micro‐mixing phenomenon was investigated by mixing a melamine dispersion, stabilized by low molecular mass poly(acrylic acid) (～5000 Daltons) and a wax emulsion, stabilized by an ethoxylated alkyl phenol surfactant. The wax particles were observed to be attached to the melamine surface because of the interaction between the poly(acrylic acid) dispersant and the ethoxylate group of the wax surfactant, resulting in the sedimentation of mixed particles. This phenomenon has potential application in the mixing of solid particles that require intimate contact and homogeneous mixing. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 2554–2557, 2006     

醇醚糖苷柠檬酸单酯盐的制备与性能研究

采用间接酯化法,以柠檬酸和乙酸酐为原料,先合成柠檬酸酐,后与醇醚糖苷(含有未反应的脂肪醇醚)反应,合成了醇醚糖苷柠檬酸单酯,再用NaOH溶液、饱和Ca(OH)2水溶液和Mg(OH)2乳浊液中和制得醇醚糖苷柠檬酸单酯二钠盐(MAEG-EC-Na)、醇醚糖苷柠檬酸单酯钙盐(MAEG-EC-Ca)和醇醚糖苷柠檬酸单酯镁盐(MAEG-EC-Mg),对产物的物化性能进行了测定。结果表明,上述3种产品的γcmc变化范围均很小,而柠檬酸单酯二钠盐的cmc最小,柠檬酸单酯盐起泡性能、泡沫稳定性的顺序为MAEG-EC-Mg>MAEG-EC-Ca>MAEG-EC-Na。     

水溶性带电聚合物黏结剂修饰炭电极用于增强电容去离子性能

电容去离子技术（capacitive deionization，CDI）是一种基于电吸附原理的新型脱盐技术，具有成本低、无污染、能耗小等优点。采用亲水性的羧甲基纤维素钠（CMC）和聚乙烯醇（PVA）黏结剂及其化学修饰得到的具有更多带电基团的磺化羧甲基纤维素（SCMC）和季铵化聚乙烯醇（QPVA）黏结剂制备活性炭电极，能进一步增强活性炭（AC）电极的亲水性和离子选择性。亲水性带电聚合物黏结剂依靠自身的电荷可以有效抑制阳极氧化的副反应，并增强离子吸附驱动力。在500 mg/L NaCl盐溶液，1.2/0 V电压下，AC-CMC//AC-PVA和AC-SCMC//AC-QPVA可分别获得14.58和17.39 mg/g的脱盐量，且在0.8/0 V电压下循环100圈之后，脱盐量的保持率分别为65.48%和80.53%。     

泡沫混凝土发泡剂的稳定性研究

以松香型发泡剂为基体,系统地考察了十二烷基硫酸钠、低碳链脂肪醇和粘性物质（羧甲基纤维素钠）的添加对发泡液的发泡倍数和泡沫稳定性的影响。实验结果表明,在松香型发泡剂中分别掺加三种低碳链脂肪醇均能有效地提高泡沫的稳定性,其中正丁醇的效果最好,1h泌水率由原来的37%下降到22.4%,而十二烷基硫酸钠的效果最差,不利于稳定性的改进。对于这三种低碳链脂肪醇,相同掺量的情况下,泡沫稳定性随着脂肪醇碳链长度的增加而提高。与粘性物质羧甲基纤维素钠进行复配时,在6%发泡剂稀释液中掺加0.16%正丁醇和0.01%羧甲基纤维素钠,发泡和稳泡效果最好,发泡倍数达到27.33,1h泌水率仅为16.23%。     

环氧丙烯酸树脂改性技术研究进展

综述了近几年对环氧丙烯酸类树脂采取的脂肪酸改性、胺改性、硅改性、酸酐改性、磷改性、聚氨酯改性等各种改性方法及研究进展,为今后进一步改进环氧丙烯酸树脂的性能提供参考.     

A novel method to control microcapsule release behavior via photo‐crosslink polyurethane acrylate shells

A microcapsule system with polyurethane acrylate (PUA) shell is prepared by interfacial polymerization between acrylic polyurethane diisocyanate and water to achieve controlled release via UV irradiation. The size of the microcapsule is influenced by the concentration of protecting colloid and property of acrylic polyurethane diisocyanate. When concentration of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is 5% and molar ratio of TDI and acrylic ethoxylated pentaerythritol (acrylic PP50) rises to 1.50, average diameter of the microcapsule is only 3.3223 μm. Delivery of 4‐hydroxy‐4′‐isopropoxydiphenylsulfone (D‐8) encapsuled by PUA microcapsule in solution can be prevented effectively by 30‐min UV irradiation. Lightness (L*) is used to measure color changes of reaction between D‐8 in PUA microcapsule and 2‐anilino‐6‐dibutylamino‐3‐methylfluoran (ODB‐2) under thermal treatment. In dry state, irradiated PUA microcapsules are much harder to release D‐8 than those not irradiated. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

A study of polyurethane ionomer dispersant

Anionic polyurethane ionomers as the dispersant in water‐soluble acrylic baked paint were successfully synthesized at our lab and these ionomer structures have been proven by infrared spectra. In aqueous solution, the surface tension for polyurethane ionomer molecules with different ionics was found to increase with increasing the concentration of ionics, as a result of the hydrophobics of ionomer molecules adsorbed at the air–water interface becoming even more ordered. It was also found that the viscosity is higher for polyurethane ionomer with L ‐2,5‐diaminovaleric acid hydrochloride than for polyurethane ionomer with sodium 4,4‐dihydroxy‐l‐butane sulfonate (DS200) or with dimethylol propionic acid (DMPA) in water. For the wettability and dispersion of titanium dioxide pigment present in water‐soluble acrylic baked paint, the polyurethane ionomer molecules with respective sodium 4,4‐dihydroxy‐L ‐butane sulfonate, DMPA, DS200 containing 3% 1,3‐propane sultone (ES200) and DMPA containing 3% ES200 are considered to be better dispersants. The titanium dioxide pigment was found to become finer, as the agitation time and the ionic concentration of anionic polyurethane ionomer were increased. In addition, the system with DS200 or dimethylol propionic acid will make the dispersion of titanium dioxide pigment stable in water‐soluble acrylic paint. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 103–111, 2005