CONTROL OF COKE FORMATION FROM HYDROCRACKED ATHABASCA BITUMEN

ABSTRACT

The mechanism of formation of carbonaceous deposits from hydrocracked Athabaca bitumen is shown to result in both isotropic and anisotropic solids. The formation of mesophase spheres present as a separate liquid phase has been observed in the laboratory High severity results in the formation of an increased amount of anisotropic solid which is observed in both laboratory and commercial samples. The formation of these deposits in the downstream separators of a commercial plant has occurred and is a hindrance to reliable operation. A strategy to reduce the formation of these deposits in a commercial plant was evaluated in a series of laboratory experiments. The use of process-derived gas oils can be used as quench oil to lower the temperature of the commercial separators. There was no increase in the rate of toluene insoluble formation as a result of the use of quench oils, which allowed the full advantage of the temperature decrease to be achieved. A qualitative comparison of the build-up of deposits in the commercial separators is provided from separator vessel monitoring.     

EFFECT OF SILICON ON HYDROTREATING OF PETROLEUM RESIDUA

Catalyst life in residual oil hydrotreating is dependent on the deposition of coke and metals in the catalyst pores. Although silicon naturally occurs in relatively small amounts in crude oils, recent analysis in this laboratory of used catalyst from a commercial unit showed silicon deposits of one to six percent inside catalyst particles. Laboratory reactor tests simulating commercial operations showed that silicon deposition reduced both catalyst hydrodesulfurization and hydro-demetallization activity. Electron microprobe analysis demonstrated that silicon deposition influenced deposition profiles of metals, sulfur, and carbon.     

坨五站中间乳化层快速增长原因及治理方案

胜利采油厂坨五站高含水(95％)原油化学预脱水中，二级沉降罐内油水相之间的中间乳化层增长迅速，引起了一系列问题。现场调查和大量室内测试结果表明，产生这一现象的原因有：油溶性破乳剂WD-1加入点不合理。有2／3的含水原油在通过油水分离器之后才与破乳剂混合；二级沉降罐进油口伸入油相内，油流的冲击达不到中间层；WD-1对坨五站混合原油中的稠油破乳脱水性能欠佳，不能适应坨五站混合原油组成和含水的变化。针对上述各种原因筛选出了性能更好的一种破乳剂1916。根据确定的几种原因采取了相应的措施：将破乳剂加入点改在3个并联油水分离器之前；将二级沉降罐的进油口移到水相内；改用筛选出的破乳剂1916，结果使中间乳化层的增长受到了抑制。图2表4参2。     

阻聚剂CH 6621 A在乙烯装置急冷油系统的应用

针对中国石化北京燕山分公司乙烯装置急冷油系统的聚合物结垢堵塞问题,对碳氢联合科技(北京)有限公司生产的急冷油塔阻聚剂(牌号为CH 6621 A)进行了应用分析。结果表明:在急冷油塔塔顶汽油中,含有双烯烃、苯乙烯、芳香类烯烃、茚、茚满等多种易产生垢物的性质活泼的组分,并且组成质量分数相对较高;在装置满负荷运行的情况下,使用CH 6621 A后,急冷油塔平均压差较使用前降低0.18 kPa,急冷油塔塔顶和塔釜平均温度分别为103,185℃,较使用前均降低1℃。     

Water contamination and colloidal stability of motor oils

Water contamination of motor oils during storage and use in low-temperature conditions cause formation of deposits. These deposits, which consist of asphaltenes and additives, characterize the colloidal stability of the oils. A decrease in the concentration of additives worsens the performance properties of the motor oils. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 4, p. 33–34, July–August, 2006.     

天然气小压差换热器应用试验技术

大牛地气田集气站中井口压力低于10MPa的气井占总生产井数的79.17%,且全站停用水套炉后生产分离器与旋流分离器的温度差别不大,无法满足低温脱水分离与外输气质的要求.针对这一问题,采取在集气站安装板翅式换热器以及进行小压差外输脱水试验等措施,使换热器设计端面温差达到2～3℃,节流压差达到0.3～0.6MPa,换热效率高于90%,并且旋流分离器温度大大降低,满足了低温分离脱水的要求.     

复合铝基润滑脂的制备研究

以异丙醇铝为原料制备复合铝基润滑脂,考察最高炼制温度、皂化有机酸的反应顺序、急冷油加入量、复合铝皂稠化剂的组成、基础油种类等对复合铝基润滑脂理化性能的影响;通过红外光谱分析手段监控研究复合铝皂的生成和复合铝基润滑脂的制备过程;根据实验得到的最佳生产工艺和配方,在中型装置上进行放大试验。结果表明:复合铝基润滑脂的最佳制备条件为基础油选择150BS,用1/3质量的150BS作急冷油,硬脂酸和苯甲酸同时与异丙醇铝反应,硬脂酸、苯甲酸、异丙醇铝的摩尔比为1∶1∶1.2,最高炼制温度控制在180~190℃;利用红外光谱分析可以很好地监测该制备过程;所研制的复合铝基润滑脂产品具有良好的机械安定性、胶体安定性、防腐防锈性、抗水性和抗磨性,可满足美国海军舰船用润滑脂A-A-50433规范要求。     

The use of bio-diesel based additive as rheology improver and pour point depressant of Nigerian waxy crude

The chemical method has proved to be the most effective mitigating method of wax deposition in petroleum system as it deals with the root cause of wax formation. Most of the commercial chemicals in the industry are very expensive and toxic. This paper aims the use of biodiesel based additives for improving the rheological behavior and pour points of waxy crude from Nigeria field. The biodiesels derived additives gave better performance than the commercial chemical and the seed oils as greatly improvement in rheology and pour point values of the waxy crude were observed     

乙烯装置急冷油减粘剂的研制

对乙烯裂解装置中急冷油粘度增长的原因及反应机理进行了分析,并在此基础上开发出JNJ-3型急冷油减粘剂。考察了减粘剂JNJ-3用量、加热停留时间对急冷油粘度的影响。结果表明,在JNJ-3减粘剂用量500μg／g条件下,在不同停留时间内均具有抑制急冷油粘度增长的效果,而且减粘效果明显优于进口剂EC3210A。工业应用结果表明,减粘剂JNJ-3能有效降低急冷油系统物料的粘度,减少结垢物的生成,维持装置的长周期正常运转。     

地层油PVT分析仪研制及其性能测试

地层油PVT分析仪可以测量地层油的泡点压力、溶解气油比和体积系数等参数,是油气田开发试验必需的实验研究设备。为了满足学生教学实验和科学研究的需要,在国内外相关仪器调研的基础上,设计研制了地层油PVT分析仪,对设备进行调试和性能评价。研究表明,地层油PVT分析仪功能完备,性能稳定,测试结果重复性好,操作方便,能够满足学生实验和科学研究的需要。     

Investigation of the fluid catalytic cracking of different H-Oil vacuum gas oils and their blends with hydrotreated vacuum gas oil

H-Oil vacuum gas oils obtained during hydrocracking of vacuum residual oils originated from the crudes Russian Export Blend, Basrah light, and Heavy Kazakh were cracked in a mixture with a hydrotreated vacuum gas oil in the LUKOIL Neftohim Burgas commercial fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) unit. Some of the H-Oil vacuum gas oils were also cracked in a laboratory FCC (ACE) unit. The results from the commercial and the laboratory tests showed that the laboratory FCC experiments in an ACE unit can be used to evaluate the effect of feed quality on the commercial FCC unit performance. The assumption that the conversion of a vacuum gas oil (VGO) blend in the fluid catalytic cracking could be considered as a linear combination of the conversion of the individual components made by other researchers was also confirmed in this study. The higher the hydrogen content in the vacuum residual oil of a crude is the higher the FCC conversion of the H-Oil VGO, obtained during hydrocracking of that high saturate vacuum residual oil, will be expected.     

急冷系统的水循环

对乙烯装置中急冷系统的水循环进行了分析 ,给出了水循环的计算方法 ,并编写了计算程序对急冷系统的水循环进行模拟 ;用该程序对燕山石化的急冷系统进行了计算 ,并与国外的计算结果进行了对比     

Investigation of some recycled oils as fluids for polyurea greases

The aim of this study is to explore the effect of three types of recycled oils on the preparation of three types of Polyurea greases. In this respect, physicochemical and rheological properties of these oils were determined including hydrocarbon type analysis via gas chromatography. The effect of the recycled oils properties as dispersion medium on performance of prepared polyurea greases was investigated. The obtained greases were tested in accordance with the standards of the National Laboratory for Grease Institute (NLGI) and compared with the Egyptian Standard (ES). Furthermore, these tests have been conducted on commercial polyurea grease in order to determine the efficiency of prepared greases. The results of these tests showed that the physicochemical and wear properties of prepared greases are almost conformity with the commercial one. It was concluded that the recycled oils, especially heavy recycled oil, could use a good dispersion medium for the polyurea grease.     

Tendency of motor oils to form deposits at high temperatures

The tendency of motor oils to form deposits at high temperatures due to destabilization of the colloidal system in thin layers on a heated metal surface is examined. It was assumed that a significant amount of disperse particles (soot) which affect the physicochemical characteristics of diesel oils accumulate in the oils during use. It was shown that the state of internal combustion engine parts and units can be predicted by the change in these characteristics.     

旋流式急冷箱性能试验研究

介绍了中石化洛阳工程有限公司开发的一种新型旋流式急冷箱,并将其与UOC型急冷箱进行了比较。对比分析了2种急冷箱的结构特点与工作原理,旋流式急冷箱设置的内混合环板和外混合环板强化了气液混合物的碰撞接触效果。在同一试验装置上从压降、传热和传质3个方面对旋流式急冷箱和UOC型急冷箱的性能进行了试验研究,运用气液混合物的温度分布不均匀度σ及液相体积传质系数KLa来量化衡量2种急冷箱的性能。研究结果表明,旋流式急冷箱的综合性能优于UOC型急冷箱。     

Development of Fuel Economy Gear Oil Technology

Vehicle fuel economy will continue to increase in importance as world vehicle production grows and fuel supplies become more limited year by year. As OEMs strive to produce cars and trucks with greater fuel efficiency and extended durability, additive technology developers are increasingly being asked to contribute to these goals from the lubricant side. Axle inefficiency can account for as much as 10% of the overall losses in an automotive driveline so improvements in axle efficiency can contribute greatly to improving vehicle fuel economy. For good durability, low axle oil operating temperatures are also needed to minimize oxidative and thermal degradation of the oil, reduce deposits and sludge formation, and extend oil drain intervals. To develop gear oils that can increase axle efficiency significantly while maintaining stable operating temperatures requires rig tests that are fast, precise and reproducible. This paper documents the development of a new axle test rig and test procedures and presents test results on several gear oils. The test results show the contributions of base oil viscosity, base oil chemistry, and additive chemistry on the fuel economy and temperature of the various oils. Having a dependable tool is enabling the development of new fuel-efficient and durable gear oil technology.     

适用于稠油热采井的激活型完井液体系

稠油热采井在注蒸汽过程中及关井后,进入油层的完井液滤液和蒸汽中的水在高温下将与地层岩石矿物及地层流体发生反应,产生储层伤害。为此,提出使用激活型完井液体系。引入激活酸HJS,使残留在地层中的完井液在一定温度下激活,释放出［H+］,降低pH值,减小矿物在高pH条件下溶解和转化而对储层产生的伤害;并优选出了高温防膨剂HTW、高温减阻剂HUL、高温溶蚀剂HDB、高温缓蚀剂HJP以及最优加量,构建了激活型完井液体系。室内评价表明,该体系激活温度为80℃,激活时间为60 min,激活酸HJS的加入可以大幅度提高完井液对钻屑的溶蚀能力;体系在220℃高温下老化8 h的膨胀率仅为1.11%,与地层水配伍,混合液的浊度在3.6～6.9 NTU之间,蒸汽（270℃）驱替后渗透率恢复值大于90%（测温为80℃）,表明该激活型完井液体系具有很好的储层保护效果。      

Study and Commercial Test on Technology for Deacidification of Distillate Oils

A new kind of solvent for deacidification of distillate oils was introduced in this paper.Aftersuccessful laboratory study this technology had been applied in commercial scale successfully.Com-pared to traditional caustic wash of distillate oils,this technology has a lot of merits,such as the broadrange of distillates to be processed,low caustic consumption,recycle of deacidifying agent,absence ofwaste caustic discharge,and low equipment revamp expenses,which can have promising perspectives forexploitation and application of this technology.     

辽河油区稠油分类及其储量等级划分

以原油在油层中的流动状态及工业性开发潜力为出发点，根据辽河油区５个油田１７个稠油区块２５５个稠油样品分析结果，采用地层温度下脱气原油粘度为主要指标，地面原油密度作为第二指标，将稠油分为常规稠油，重稠油，特稠油和超稠油四类。     

脱丙烷塔用高效阻聚剂RIPP1461的研制与应用

研制了一种用于乙烯装置脱丙烷塔的高效阻聚剂RIPP14 6 1,从阻聚效果实验室的评价试验和运行周期、塔压差、再沸介质流量及污垢形态变化的工业试验结果对比 ,证明RIPP14 6 1性能超过同类进口阻聚剂。