合成气一步法制二甲醚工艺条件研究

研究了三相床反应器中合成气一步法制二甲醚的工艺条件,催化剂是由甲醇合成催化剂与甲醇脱水催化剂均匀混合组成的双功能催化剂.在温度220～265℃、压力4～5MPa、空速1～2 L/(g·h)的条件下,分别考察了温度、压力和空速对二甲醚合成反应中CO转化率及二甲醚选择性的影响.结果表明,在上述各因素相应的范围内,,随着反应温度的升高,CO转化率、DME选择性逐渐增加;随着压力的升高,CO转化率、DME选择性逐渐增加;CO转化率、DME选择性随空速的提高而逐渐减小.与固定床实验结果相比,三相床反应器中CO转化率略低于固定床反应器.     

沉淀铁催化剂上F-T合成反应的研究

制备了物相组成为 Quartz- Si O2 ,Hermatite- Fe2 O3 和 Fe2 O3 - Iron Oxide的沉淀铁催化剂 ,研究了该催化剂作用上固定床积分反应器中费托合成反应特性 .发现 2 .6MPa,80 0 h-1,H2 /CO=2 /3,2 60℃～ 2 90℃时 ,随着温度的升高 ,CO和 H2 的转化率增大 ,CO2 选择性减小 ;40 0 h-1,65 0 h-1,80 0 h-1低空速和 2 4 0 0 h-1,32 0 0 h-1,40 0 0 h-1,640 0 h-1高空速时 ,随着空速的升高 ,H2转化率、CO转化率选择性下降 ,CO2 的选择性升高 ;2 80℃ ,2 .6MPa,H2 /CO进料比 2 /3,1 /1 ,2 /1时 ,随着 H2 /CO进料比的增加 ,CO转化率 ,H2 /CO利用比和 CH4选择性都增加 ,H2 转化率和 CO2选择性减小 .     

生物质合成气合成二甲醚的研究

在加压固定床反应装置上进行了生物质合成气合成二甲醚(DME)的研究.采用机械混合法制备二甲醚合成双功能催化剂.考察了组成为V(H_2):V(CO):V(CO_2):V(CH_4)=52:24:23:1的生物质合成气在不同反应温度、空速、压力下对合成二甲醚反应的影响.同时进行了102 h的催化剂的稳定性实验.结果表明,在260-300℃范围内,随反应温度的升高,CO转化率和二甲醚的选择性均先增大后减小;随反应压力的升高,CO转化率和二甲醚选择性都随之升高;原料气中高浓度的CO_2可导致铜基催化剂较快的失活.     

煤制合成天然气甲烷化反应研究

采用本征动力学装置进行了煤制合成天然气(SNG)甲烷化反应研究,实验采用0.154~0.198mm的自制甲烷化催化剂NJ34,反应温度300~500℃,反应压力2.0~5.0 MPa,体积空速5 000~9 000h-1。实验结果表明,在温度和空速一定的条件下,反应压力的变化对催化剂的CO转化率、CO2转化率以及总碳转化率的影响不明显;在反应温度和压力一定的条件下,气体空速的变化对催化剂的CO转化率的影响不明显,CO2转化率出现了一定的波动;在压力和空速一定的条件下,随着反应温度的提高,CO和CO2转化率都呈下降趋势,且CO2转化率的下降更加显著。     

MK-101催化剂作用下操作条件对甲醇合成的影响研究

实验模拟低压甲醇合成工艺流程,在压力4～7MPa,温度210～270℃,空速6000～15000h-1,CO2浓度4.5%～14.3%的实验条件下,选用MK-101催化剂,考察了温度、压力、空速和CO2浓度对甲醇合成反应的CO、CO2的单程转化率和甲醇时空收率的影响。     

固定床一步法制二甲醚催化剂性能

采用固定床反应装置,以共沉淀法制备甲醇催化剂和一步法合成二甲醚催化剂,采用BET、XRD和SEM对催化剂进行表征。在反应压力2.5 MPa、反应温度260℃和空速(500~900)h-1条件下,催化剂催化活性最好,其中,CO转化率≥90%,二甲醚收率≥60%,二甲醚选择性≥65%。     

甲基丙烯酸甲酯合成工艺条件的研究

以CYT为酯化催化剂,在固定床反应器上考察了甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)合成的反应工艺条件。实验结果表明,当反应温度80℃、反应压力0.3 MPa(G)、甲醇(MEOH)与甲基丙烯酸摩尔比1.5、反应进料液时空速(LHSV)为0.5 h-1时,甲基丙烯酸单程转化率>70%,选择性>99%。在最佳反应条件下,经过3000 h的稳定性试验后,催化剂活性稳定。     

MK-101催化剂作用下操作条件对甲醇合成的影响研究

实验模拟Lurgi低压等温甲醇合成工艺流程,在压力4～7 MPa,温度210～270 ℃,空速6000～15000 h-1,CO2浓度10.5%～13.7%的实验条件下,选用MK-101催化剂,考察了温度、压力、空速和CO2浓度对甲醇合成反应的CO、CO2的单程转化率和甲醇时空收率的影响,并通过正交实验设计进行了操作条件对甲醇时空收率的敏感性分析.     

CO+H_2合成甲醇、二甲醚过程及其动力学研究——(Ⅰ) 实验部分

本文采用固定床等温积分反应器,在Cu-Zn-Al和γ-Al_2O_3构成的复合催化剂上,考察了扩散和反应条件对CO+H_2合成甲醇、二甲醚的影响,获得了一批动力学实验数据。为得到高的CO转化率和CH_3OH+DME总收率,最佳反应条件是:反应温度260℃;压力5.0MPa;空速3000ml/gcat/h;原料气中H_2/CO=2;CO_2=2～4%;催化剂配比α=0.5     

Cu-Ce-Mn-O/SiO_2/CC作催化剂还原脱除NO研究

以硅胶改性堇青石蜂窝陶瓷为载体,分别制备了3种不同CuO负载量的Cu-Ce-Mn-O/S iO2/CC催化剂。以CO(NH2)2为还原剂,在固定床反应器中进行选择性催化还原NO的研究。采用XRD、SEM、TPR等测试方法对催化剂进行表征。结果表明,在300~500℃CuO负载量为33%的Cu-Ce-Mn-O/S iO2/CC催化剂效果最好。反应温度为450℃,空速为8 000 h-1时催化剂催化还原NO的转化率可达到88%。     

合成四氯苯酐最佳工艺条件的选择

通过正交试验及对正交试验结果进行统计分析,检验了因子的显著性,确定了由苯酐氯化合成四氯苯酐的最佳工艺条件为:反应时间12h,反应温度80～160℃,原料配比为n(苯酐):n(工业级溶剂):n(催化剂):n(氯气)=1:10:B:C2,在此条件下摩尔产率为98%.溶剂和催化剂可回收循环使用,溶剂回收率＞85%,催化剂回收率＞50%.此种方法合成四氯苯酐具有产品产率高、质量好、成本低且不产生大量废硫酸的优点.用工业级溶剂代替化学纯试剂,并将反应器放大5倍,可获得同样的结果.     

The interaction between separation system synthesis and process synthesis

The problem of selecting a separation system for a process cannot be uncoupled from the problem of determining the optimum process flow rates, since the optimum flows normally involve a trade-off between raw materials costs and recycle (which includes separations) costs. An efficient way of obtaining a first solution of the coupled problem is to use shortcut procedures to get into the neighborhood of the optimum design conditions and to eliminate undesirable alternatives. Some of the available shortcut procedures and design heuristics are reviewed.     

Direct synthesis of isoparaffin from synthesis gas under supercritical conditions

To produce isoparaffins from synthesis gas directly, modified Fischer–Tropsch (FT) synthesis was carried out under supercritical conditions using n-butane as a medium. One-step FT synthesis using a hybrid catalyst consisting of Co/SiO₂, HZSM-5 and Pd/SiO₂ was carried out. Introduction of supercritical-phase n-butane increased light isoparaffins significantly and suppressed the formation of the by-product, methane. Under supercritical-phase butane, hydrogenolysis and isomerization reactions were promoted. Due to the fact that the optimum temperatures for FT and HZSM-5 catalysts are different, 513 K and over 573 K, respectively, two-step FT synthesis was also carried out to optimize the reaction temperatures. The first-step reaction used Co/SiO₂ catalyst containing small amount of HZSM-5 for FT synthesis at 513 K, and the second-step reaction used a hybrid catalyst containing Pd/SiO₂ and zeolite for hydrogenolysis and isomerization of hydrocarbons at 573 K. Introduction of supercritical n-butane increased the isoparaffin selectivity, and decreased the methane selectivity significantly. The production of heavy hydrocarbons C₉+ was inhibited in both gas and supercritical phase. The isoparaffin selectivity in the gas phase decreased with time-on-stream, but very stable for the supercritical-phase reaction. Because water and heavy hydrocarbons were removed from active sites on zeolite and the zeolite acidity was promoted in the supercritical medium, the selectivity of isoparaffin was considered stable. Among zeolites added to the hybrid catalyst in the second-step reactor, HZSM-5 and H-beta zeolite were suitable for producing light isoparaffins. These results indicated that two-step FT synthesis under supercritical n-butane was superior for producing light isoparaffins from synthesis gas directly.     

Ionic-liquid-supported synthesis: a novel liquid-phase strategy for organic synthesis

Soluble ionic liquids have recently been used as supports for catalyst/reagent immobilization and synthesis in homogeneous solution phase. The wide range of ionic liquid supports available makes their use as supports compatible with most common chemistries. The solubility properties of these ionic liquid supports can be tuned by the variation of cations and anions to make them phase separate from less polar organic solvents and aqueous media. The ionic-liquid-supported species can therefore be purified from the reaction mixture by simple washings. Ionic-liquid-supported catalysts and reagents have been prepared and used, and they are easily recovered and reused. Parallel and combinatorial libraries of small molecules have been synthesized. Ionic-liquid-supported synthesis (ILSS) has been applied to the preparation of oligopeptides and oligosaccharides. The comparison of ILSS with solid-phase synthesis, soluble-polymer-supported synthesis, and fluorous phase synthesis has been highlighted where applicable.     

草净津合成工艺

研究了由三聚氯氰经胺化来合成草净津的工艺。考察了草净津合成中收率和质量不稳定的原因。确定了该反应中间体1及副反应产物B在色谱图上的位置，根据色谱图建立反应的终点控制；得出中间体丙酮氰胺的质量对草净津合成有重要影响。对合成的丙酮氰胺进行精制处理，再用来合成草净津，草净津收率90％；纯度可达97％左右，且各批次的质量和收率都较稳定。     

Direct synthesis of middle iso-paraffins from synthesis gas on hybrid catalysts

This paper focuses on the synthesis of iso-paraffin-rich hydrocarbons by Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) over silica gel supported Co catalyst (Co/SiO₂). The basic concept is to isomerize and/or hydrocrack the primary FTS hydrocarbon products. A physical mixture consisting of a small amount of zeolite or Pd/zeolite mixed with Co/SiO₂ enhanced the formation of C₄–C₁₀ iso-paraffins while suppressing the formation of higher molecular hydrocarbons, probably because of the selective cracking of these hydrocarbons on them. In separate experiments, a two-reactor system was used. The first reactor contained a physical mixture of Co/SiO₂ and zeolite, and the second reactor contained zeolites or Pd-supported zeolites. The two-reactor system gave sharp C-number distribution within C₃–C₆ and iso-paraffins-rich products. The hydrocracking of n-octane and n-decane (model compound simulating products of the FTS reaction) over mixed catalysts composed of various compositions of Pd/SiO₂ and ZSM-5 in the presence of gaseous hydrogen showed high and stable activity, and produced primarily iso-paraffin-rich hydrocarbons. The isomerization was favored for mixtures rich in Pd/SiO₂. The role of Pd was thought to be the inlet of hydrogen spillover to the zeolite surface.     

五元环硫酸酯的合成及其在立体合成中的应用

五元环硫酸酯具有较高的反应活性，在有机合成中得到广泛的应用。本文将对五元环硫酸酯化合物的合成及其在有机立体合成中的应用作一综述。     

Thermodynamic equilibrium in the synthesis of dimethyl ether from synthesis gas

Chemical equilibrium in dimethyl ether synthesis from synthesis gas was studied thermodynamically over wide ranges of gas compositions and process parameters.