一种恒压输出的DC-DC升压电路设计

针对DC-DC升压器存在效率低,纹波电压较大,输出电压不稳定等问题,文中开发和设计了一种具有恒定输出电压的DC-DC升压转换器的方法。通过升压电路和电压反馈技术,将波动的输入电压变成恒定的直流电压输出。该设计通过将转换器的输出电压与参考电压相比较,两者的差值会产生一个PWM信号控制升压器的通断时间,从而达到恒定电压输出。仿真结果显示,该实验电路能在频率为20 kHz的连续导通模式中工作,产生24 V的恒定输出电压,输出功率为100 W。     

An 80-V integrated boost converter for piezoelectric actuators in smartphones

A boost converter for piezoelectric actuator driving system in haptic smartphones is proposed and implemented using a 0.35 μm BCDMOS process. The designed boost converter generates extremely high output voltage from a low-voltage battery supply. The boost converter provides stable power for the piezoelectric actuator with the peak-current control technique. The minimum variation of the output ripple variation can be achieved by the designed current-sensing and peak-current control circuits. The supply voltage of the boost converter is 2.7–4.2 V and the maximum output voltage is up to 80 V. The complete piezoelectric actuator driving system consists of a serial interface, SRAM, and signal-shaping logic as well as the boost converter. It also includes the resistor-string digital-to-analog converter and high voltage piezoelectric actuator driver (PZ driver). The fabricated chip size is 2,100 × 2,200 μm, including bonding pads.     

一种车用恒流/恒压模式的四开关Buck-Boost变换器控制策略研究

对一种车用恒流/恒压模式的四开关Buck-Boost变换器的控制策略进行了研究。在输入输出电压接近时引入Buck-Boost模式,从而在不同输入输出电压大小关系下,通过检测功率管占空比大小,实现Buck模式、Boost模式和Buck-Boost模式之间的平滑切换,提高了系统的稳定性。通过设计最大值选择电路,使变换器在充电应用中自动从恒流模式切换到恒压模式,模式切换平滑稳定。仿真结果表明,在24 V输出电压下,变换器从Buck模式切换到Buck-Boost模式时,输出电压下冲为9.2 mV,变换器从Boost模式切换到Buck-Boost模式时,输出电压下冲为92 mV。变换器在Buck模式与Boost模式下均能实现恒流/恒压模式的自动平滑切换。     

Two Types of KY Buck–Boost Converters

A novel voltage-bucking/boosting converter, named as KY buck–boost converter (i.e., 2D converter), is presented herein. Unlike the traditional buck–boost converter, this converter possesses fast transient responses, similar to the behavior of the buck converter with synchronous rectification. In addition, it possesses the nonpulsating output current, thereby not only decreasing the current stress on the output capacitor but also reducing the output voltage ripple. Furthermore, it has the positive output voltage, different from the negative output voltage of the traditional buck–boost converter. Above all, there are two types of KY buck–boost converters presented herein. In this paper, the basic operating principles of the proposed converters are first illustrated in detail, and second, some experimental results are offered to verify the effectiveness of the proposed topologies.      

开关电源Boost变换器输出纹波的仿真研究

文章在分析典型DC-DC变换拓扑结构的基础上,建立了降压型（Boost）DC-DC变换器的PSpice仿真模型。在三种工作模式下,针对输入电压、电感和负载电阻对输出电压纹波都有不同程度的影响,对Boost变换器输出纹波电压的影响因素进行了分析。其结论为Boost型DC-DC变换器的设计和研制提供了理论依据。     

Digital Control of Single-Phase Power Factor Preregulators Based on Current and Voltage Sensing at Switch Terminals

This paper proposes a fully digital control of boost power factor preregulators (PFPs) with input voltage estimation that is suitable for smart-power integration. The proposed solution features a minimum pin count by avoiding input voltage sensing for the generation of the internal current reference and by sensing the output voltage through the direct sampling of the voltage across the power switch during its off interval at the line voltage peak. The control algorithm requires the estimation of the rectified input voltage, that is simply done by exploiting the integral part of the current loop proportional–integral regulator, and a phase-looked-loop (PLL) synchronization with the estimated line frequency for sampling the output voltage and rejecting the low-frequency output voltage ripple. The provisions needed to ensure correct output voltage sensing, even during transient and light-load conditions, are also discussed. Experimental results on a single-phase boost PFP show the properties of the proposed approach.     

Digital Combination of Buck and Boost Converters to Control a Positive Buck–Boost Converter and Improve the Output Transients

A highly efficient and novel control strategy for improving the transients in the output voltage of a dc–dc positive buck–boost converter, required for low-power portable electronic applications, is presented in this paper. The proposed control technique can regulate the output voltage for variable input voltage, which is higher, lower, or equal to the output voltage. There are several existing solutions to these problems, and selecting the best approach involves a tradeoff among cost, efficiency, and output noise or ripple. In the proposed method, instead of instantaneous transition from buck to boost mode, intermediate combination modes consisting of several buck modes followed by several boost modes are utilized to distribute the voltage transients. This is unique of its kind from the point of view of improving the efficiency and ripple content in the output voltage. Theoretical considerations are presented. Simulation and experimental results are shown to prove the proposed theory.      

Dynamical Sliding-Mode Control of the Boost Inverter

The boost inverter is a device that is able to generate a sinusoidal voltage with an amplitude larger than the input voltage. Based on the idea of indirectly controlling the output voltage through the inductor current, a dynamical sliding-mode controller for the boost inverter is proposed in this paper. Unlike the usual approach of generating a sinusoidal voltage in both capacitors of the boost inverter, the strategy proposed in this paper focuses on generating a sinusoidal voltage on the load despite the voltage form of both capacitors. A consequence of doing so is that only the desired output voltage is required as reference to implement the controller. Furthermore, it has a fast response, is robust under load and input voltage variations, and yet, is remarkably simple to implement. Although it is strongly nonlinear, it can be implemented using standard electronics circuitry and only needs voltage measurements.      

真空压力传感器高压直流电源电路的设计

针对潘宁真空计测量真空压力时高压直流电源的工作需求,设计了15V直流升压输出2kV~2.2kV的高压电源电路。该设计利用电容三点式振荡电路将直流逆变为正弦波,通过高频变压器实现大幅度升压,对变压器次级输出进行倍压整流,最终得到高压直流输出。电路经过仿真与实验测试,实现了高压输出,能够为潘宁真空计提供可靠的工作电压,完成对真空压力的测量。     

A bipolar output voltage pulse transformer boost converter with charge pump assisted shunt regulator for thermoelectric energy harvesting

This system presents an energy harvesting system that generates bipolar output voltage (±1 V) based on a miniature 1:1 turn-ratio pulse transformer boost converter using sub-threshold level input voltage source. A shunt regulator is designed using six-transistor Schmitt-Trigger core to limit the boost converter output voltage. Another power stage, i.e. a fully integrated on-chip single-stage cross-coupled charge pump, then generates 3 V output from the unused extra output power of boost converter, which is shunted otherwise. The increased voltage headroom generated is instrumental for sensor, analog and RF circuits. Charge pump clock frequency is designed to adaptively tracking the input voltage, which is sensed using power-saving time-domain digital technique. Based on a standard CMOS 0.13-µm technology, chip measurement verified the operations of the boost converter, shunt regulator and bipolar charge pump prototypes, respectively. Simulations confirmed the full system operations. During start-up, the system only requires minimum start-up input voltage of 36 mV at input power of 5.8 µW.     

A Compensation Technique for Smooth Transitions in a Noninverting Buck–Boost Converter

With the advent of battery-powered portable devices and mandatory adoption of power factor correction, noninverting buck-boost converters are garnering lots of attention. Conventional two-switch or four-switch noninverting buck-boost converters choose their operation modes by measuring input and output voltage magnitude. The criterion for the selection of the operation mode can cause higher output voltage transients in the neighborhood, where input and output are close to each other. For the mode selection, due to the voltage drops raised by the parasitic components, it is not enough just to compare the magnitude of input and output voltages. In addition, the difference in the minimum and maximum effective duty cycles between controller output and switching device yields discontinuity at the instant of mode change. Moreover, the different properties of output voltage versus a given duty cycle of buck and boost operating modes contribute to the output voltage transients. In this paper, the effect of the discontinuity due to the effective duty cycle derived from the device switching time at the mode change is analyzed. A technique to compensate the output voltage transient due to this discontinuity is proposed. In order to attain additional mitigation of output transients and a linear input/output voltage characteristic in buck and boost modes, the linearization of DC gain of the large-signal model in boost operation is analyzed as well. Analytical, simulation, and experimental results are presented to validate the proposed theory.     

一种带自适应斜坡补偿的PCM控制Boost变换器

设计了一种带自适应斜坡补偿的峰值电流模式(PCM)控制Boost变换器。采用一种低功耗自适应斜坡补偿电路,使得升压(Boost)变换器能够实现宽输出范围和高带载能力。在此基础上,提出了一种应用于Boost变换器的电感电流采样电路,该电路实现了高采样速度和高采样精度,且具备全周期的电感电流采样特点。变换器基于SMIC 180 nm BCD CMOS工艺设计。仿真结果表明,该带自适应斜坡补偿的PCM控制Boost变换器输入电压转换范围为2.8 V～5.5 V,输出电压转换范围为4.96 V～36.1 V,最大输出负载电流高达5 A。     

增强升压型DC-DC瞬态响应的电路设计

设计了一种增强升压型DC-DC转换器瞬态响应电路,该电路通过检测负载跳变条件下输出电压的变化,调节误差放大器的跨导和补偿电阻,提高升压DC-DC转换器环路带宽,加快系统的瞬态响应。同时将该电路应用于一款输入电压＜至1.4 V,输出电压2.5～6.5 V的同步升压型DC-DC转换器中,其在0.25 μm CMOS 工艺条件下,芯片仿真结果表明,在500 mA~2 A的负载跳变条件下,与传统同步升压DC-DC转换器相比,芯片的响应恢复时间减小了45%,输出电压的下降和过冲值减少了35%。     

A novel power converter with voltage-boosting capacitors for afour-phase SRM drive

This paper presents a method of enhancing the performance of a four-phase switched reluctance motor by using capacitors to produce additional supply voltage during the rise and fall periods of motor phase current. The voltage rating of the inverter components increases and extra capacitor/diode combinations are needed. The operation and analysis of a series voltage boost circuit are detailed for different modes of operation with a study of the effect of the boost capacitor voltage on the current waveform. Different voltage boost circuit configurations are compared. The predicted and measured results show that the boost circuit increases both torque and output power and improves the efficiency of the machine, especially at high speeds     

A new controller for boost dc–dc converters based on a novel sliding surface

ABSTRACT

In this paper, two control schemes for boost converters affected by uncertainties in input voltage and load are proposed. The boost converter dynamics is redefined in terms of new state variables to facilitate the use of a disturbance observer that can estimate matched and unmatched disturbances. A sliding surface, which is new in the context of boost converters, is proposed to enable tracking and regulation of output voltage without requiring measurement of input voltage and load current. The stability of the overall system including the disturbance observer, the sliding variable and the output is proved. The performance of the schemes is assessed for regulation of output voltage and tracking of reference voltage by simulation as well as experimentation in which various types of uncertainties and various types of reference voltages are considered.     

An Analysis of the ZVS Two-Inductor Boost Converter under Variable Frequency Operation

The two-inductor boost converter has been previously presented in a zero-voltage switching (ZVS) form where the transformer leakage inductance and the MOSFET output capacitance can be utilized as part of the resonant elements. In many applications, such as maximum power point tracking (MPPT) in grid interactive photovoltaic systems, the resonant two-inductor boost converter is required to operate with variable input output voltage ratios. This paper studies the variable frequency operation of the ZVS two-inductor boost converter to secure an adjustable output voltage range while maintaining the resonant switching transitions. The design method of the resonant converter is thoroughly investigated and explicit control functions relating the circuit timing factors and the voltage gain for a 200-W converter are established. The converter has an input voltage of 20V and is able to produce a variable output voltage from 169V to 340V while retaining ZVS with a frequency variation of 1MHz to 407kHz. Five sets of theoretical, simulation and experimental waveforms are provided for the selected operating points over the variable load range at the end of the paper and they agree reasonably well. The converter has achieved part load efficiencies above 92% and an efficiency of 89.6% at the maximum power of 200W     

A continuous conduction mode low-ripple high-efficiency charge-pump boost converter

In this paper, a new continuous conduction mode (CCM) low-ripple high-efficiency charge-pump boost converter is presented. Its components include a double voltage charge pump and a low pass LC filter. The voltage boost ratio of the positive low-ripple output voltage of the proposed converter is (1 + D) where D is the duty cycle of the control switching signal waveform. Since the energy storage inductor is connected to the power source and the load at all times, the proposed converter always operates in CCM, the transient responses are fast, and the current stress on the output capacitor is reduced and the output voltage ripple is small. In this paper, the operation principles of the CCM low-ripple high-efficiency charge-pump boost converter are described in detail. Its circuitry is designed and implemented with a TSMC 0.35 μm CMOS processes whose operation frequency is 1 MHz. The circuitry is simple and the power conversion efficiency is up to 90.95 %, and the transient response is only 7 μs.     

Topological Design and Modulation Strategy for Buck–Boost Three-Level Inverters

To date, designed topologies for dc–ac inversion with both voltage buck and boost capabilities are mainly focused on two-level circuitries with extensions to three-level possibilities left nearly unexplored. Contributing to this area of research, this paper presents the design of a number of viable buck–boost three-level inverters that can also support bidirectional power conversion. The proposed front-end circuitry is developed from the Ćuk-derived buck–boost two-level inverter, and by using the “alternative phase opposition disposition” modulation scheme, the buck–boost three-level inverters can perform distinct five-level line voltage and three-level phase voltage switching by simply controlling the active switches located in the designed voltage boost section of the circuits. As a cost saving option, one active switch can further be removed from the voltage boost section of the circuits by simply rerouting the gating commands of the remaining switches without influencing the ac output voltage amplitude. To verify the validity of the proposed inverters, MATLAB/PLECS simulations were performed before a laboratory prototype was implemented for experimental testing.      

On Differential Flatness, Trajectory Planning, Observers, and Stabilization for DC–DC Converters

Differential flatness of buck, buck–boost, and boost converter models is shown. Its benefits if used for controlling the output voltage of these converters are revealed by comparing the flatness-based control with passivity-based and linear control. Two observers for the boost converter are suggested one of which requires only the measurement of the converters output voltage. Both observers can be used with minor changes for the buck–boost converter. Two flatness-based online trajectory planning algorithms are suggested. They exploit the parametrization of the trajectories in the energy. One of them is designed to achieve fast setpoint transitions during converter start-up or despite sudden load steps while simultaneously respecting the converters physical constraints. The other one is considered for applications in power factor correction. Different stabilization strategies are compared. The viability of the observers, the algorithm, and the stabilization strategies are verified by simulations of switched nonideal converter models.     

Re-lift circuit: a new DC-DC step-up (BOOST) converter

A re-lift circuit, which is a new DC-DC step-up (boost) converter, is proposed. This converter performs positive to positive DC-DC voltage increasing conversion with high output voltage