泡沫铝-聚氨酯静态压缩特性及吸能特性分析

目的研究球形孔开孔泡沫铝相对密度、孔径对泡沫铝-聚氨酯复合材料力学性能的影响,以及对其吸能性能的影响。方法对制备的泡沫铝-聚氨酯复合材料进行准静态压缩实验。结果通过准静态压缩实验,得出分别对应的应力-应变曲线,并通过应力-应变曲线推导出吸能-应变曲线。当泡沫铝孔径一定时,泡沫铝相对密度从35.0%提升到38.4%时,泡沫铝-聚氨酯复合材料的屈服强度增加了6.5 MPa。当泡沫铝相对密度一定时,泡沫铝孔径从5.5 mm增大到9.5 mm时,泡沫铝-聚氨酯复合材料的屈服强度增加了3.38 MPa。结论泡沫铝的相对密度、孔径对泡沫铝-聚氨酯复合材料的性能有很大的影响,泡沫铝的相对密度越大,复合材料的性能越好,泡沫铝孔径越大复合材料性能越好,且泡沫铝相对密度越大,复合材料吸能特性越好,泡沫铝孔径越大,复合材料吸能特性越好。     

泡沫铝-聚氨酯复合材料力学及吸能性能分析

目的 研究泡沫铝相对密度、孔径对泡沫铝-聚氨酯复合材料准静态压缩力学性能、吸能性能、吸能效率和理想吸能效率的影响。方法 将制备的泡沫铝-聚氨酯复合材料试样在万能材料试验机上进行准静态压缩试验,得出对应的应力-应变曲线,由应力-应变曲线分析材料的吸能性能、吸能效率、理想吸能效率。结果 当泡沫铝孔径一定,泡沫铝相对密度由0.350提升至0.384时,泡沫铝-聚氨酯复合材料屈服强度提升了4.38 MPa,而最大吸能效率由0.29下降至0.27,准静态压缩性能有所提高。当泡沫铝相对密度一定,泡沫铝孔径由5 mm增加至9 mm时,泡沫铝-聚氨酯复合材料屈服强度提升了6.16 MPa,而最大吸能效率由0.25升高到0.27,准静态压缩性能有所提高。结论 当进行准静态压缩时,泡沫铝-聚氨酯复合材料压缩性能随相对密度的增大而增大,随孔径的增大而增大;泡沫铝-聚氨酯复合材料的吸能性能随相对密度的增大而增大,随孔径的增大而增大;泡沫铝-聚氨酯复合材料的最大吸能效率随相对密度的增大而减小,随孔径的增大变化微小。     

UV光固化玻璃纤维布/EP-PBMA树脂复合材料的力学性能

设计了光热共引发环氧树脂-聚甲基丙烯酸丁酯(EP-PBMA)树脂,并制备了UV光固化玻璃纤维布增强EP-PBMA树脂基复合材料,研究了不同EP与PBMA质量比的玻璃纤维布/EP-PBMA复合材料在不同加载速率下的拉伸力学性能。结果表明: 玻璃纤维布/EP-PBMA复合材料具有明显的应变率效应;随着加载速率增大,复合材料的拉伸强度和弹性模量呈增大趋势;EP-PBMA树脂基体的组成对应变率效应有明显的影响;玻璃纤维布/EP-PBMA复合材料与纯EP基复合材料相比,在较低的加载速率下具有更高的拉伸强度,但当加载速率达到50 mm/min时拉伸强度较低。     

静态径向加载速率对樟子松吸能特性的影响

目的研究樟子松在不同静态径向加载速率作用下的能量吸收特性。方法采用横纹径向压缩实验。结果在不同加载速率的作用下,应力-应变曲线都呈现出3个阶段,即弹性阶段,应力平台阶段以及密实化阶段。樟子松存在明显的应变速率敏感性,随着加载速率的增加,应力-应变曲线的应力平台阶段不断上升。当应变为0.06,加载速率为1 mm/min时,应力为4.38 MPa;当加载速率为10和30mm/min时,对应的应力分别为4.71和6.56 MPa。樟子松具有优良的吸能能力,其能量吸收效率可以达到0.7~0.8。其缓冲系数曲线呈"L"型,随着应变的增加缓冲系数不断减小,但受加载速率的影响不大。结论不同加载速率对樟子松的能量吸收特性有一定的影响。     

CNTs含量对CNTs/Al微观组织及力学性能的影响

为增加碳纳米管(CNTs)在铝基体中的分散性,利用机械球磨-真空热压烧结工艺制备碳纳米管/铝(CNTs/Al)复合材料,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、电子万能试验机和万能摩擦磨损实验机,研究了CNTs质量分数对CNTs/Al复合材料微观组织、力学性能及摩擦磨损性能的影响.结果表明:CNTs经超声波预先分散后分散性增加;当CNTs质量分数为2.0%时,复合材料中CNTs与Al粉之间表现出较好的相容性;随着CNTs含量进一步增加,CNTs团聚现象严重;热压烧结温度600℃时,随着CNTs添加量的增加,铝基复合材料的屈服强度和抗拉强度呈现出明显的先增大后降低的趋势,同时,CNTs/Al复合材料的摩擦因数和磨损率随CNTs含量的增大先减小后增加;CNTs质量分数为2.0%时,复合材料的屈服强度最大值为116 MPa,抗拉强度最大值为245 MPa,与纯Al基体相比,分别提高了78%和1.9倍.2.0%CNTs/Al复合材料可获得较好的摩擦磨损性能,其摩擦系数和磨损率呈现平缓趋势,复合材料的磨痕最浅.     

孔径对球体开孔泡沫铝压缩及吸能性能的影响

目的 研究在准静态压缩过程中,不同孔径（泡沫铝内部胞孔的直径）对球体开孔泡沫铝压缩性能及吸能性能的影响。方法 针对3种不同孔径的泡沫铝试样进行准静态压缩实验。通过准静态压缩试验得出泡沫铝的应力-应变曲线,并通过应力-应变曲线计算得到吸能-应变曲线。结果 当泡沫铝孔径从5 mm增加到9 mm时,球形孔开孔泡沫铝的屈服强度增加了4.6862 MPa,最大吸能效率由24.45%提升到27.71%,力学性能和吸能性能均得到提升。结论 泡沫铝的压缩性能和吸能性能随着球体开孔泡沫铝孔径的增加而增强。     

碳纳米管和氧化铝混杂增强铝基复合材料的制备及力学性能

采用化学气相沉积结合机械球磨的方法制备了碳纳米管(CNTs)和Al_2O_3颗粒混杂增强铝基复合材料,研究了球磨时间、Al_2O_3含量对复合材料组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:本方法可以获得CNTs和Al_2O_3颗粒在铝基体内的均匀分散。随球磨时间的增加,复合材料的硬度随之增大;当球磨时间为180min时,复合材料硬度达纯铝的2.1倍。此外,随Al_2O_3颗粒含量的增加,复合材料的硬度和压缩屈服强度均不断提高。当Al_2O_3的质量分数为4%时,CNTsAl_2O_3/Al复合材料的硬度达112.1HV,为纯铝的2.8倍;压缩屈服强度达416MPa,为纯铝的4.6倍,说明CNTs和Al_2O_3的混杂加入发挥了良好的协同增强效果。     

2D和2.5D编织陶瓷基复合材料加载速率效应和应力-应变行为模拟

对A、B、C三种工艺制备的2D和2.5D编织陶瓷基复合材料进行了准静态拉伸试验,试验采用的加载速率分别为0.02mm/min、0.2mm/min、1mm/min、5mm/min、25mm/min、125mm/min。获得了不同加载速率下,2D和2.5D编织陶瓷基复合材料的应力-应变曲线。基于所获得试验结果,讨论了加载速率对2D和2.5D编织陶瓷基复合材料力学性能产生影响的原因。试验结果表明:A、B工艺的2.5D编织陶瓷基复合材料对加载速率的变化不敏感;C工艺的2D编织陶瓷基复合材料对加载速率变化不敏感,而A工艺的2D编织陶瓷基复合材料对加载速率变化较为敏感,随着加载速率的增加,材料的初始弹性模量有较大程度的增大,破坏应变有所减小。基于基体强度分布理论,模拟了对加载速率不敏感的2D编织陶瓷基复合材料在拉伸载荷下的应力-应变行为。     

高温处理后闭孔泡沫铝压缩性能及变形机理

目的 探究温度和孔隙率对闭孔泡沫铝材料压缩力学性能和变形机理的影响。方法 将孔隙率为84.3%～87.3%的泡沫铝试件在温度25～700 ℃内进行加热处理,对处理后的试样开展准静态压缩实验。结果 在准静态压缩条件下,闭孔泡沫铝材料在不同温度加热处理后的压缩应力–应变曲线均经历了3个阶段:弹性阶段、塑性平台阶段和密实阶段。孔隙率从87.3%减小到84.3%时,其弹性模量增大了44.4 MPa,屈服强度增大了0.39 MPa,平台应力增大了0.94 MPa。孔隙率为84.3%的泡沫铝,在25 ℃时,其弹性模量为141.4 MPa、屈服强度为4.25 MPa、平台应力为4.75 MPa;当加热温度为500 ℃时,弹性模量减小到了128.0 MPa、屈服强度减小到了4.22 MPa、平台应力减小到了4.51 MPa。结论 泡沫铝的弹性模量、抗压屈服强度和平台应力均随孔隙率的增加而减小;加热温度低于500 ℃以下时,泡沫铝材料力学性能变化很小,但屈服强度和弹性模量均小幅度降低;在压缩载荷下,泡沫铝的变形破坏模式呈现出先从试件铝基体较薄弱部分产生孔壁塑性变形、孔洞坍塌,并逐渐出现断裂压缩带,直至泡沫铝孔洞完全坍塌密实。     

变质细化和热处理对挤压铸造成形A356铝合金构件性能的影响

用Al-10Sr变质剂和Al-5Ti-B细化剂处理A356铝合金熔体,并结合挤压铸造和T6热处理工艺,研究变质细化与热处理对A356铝合金挤压铸造件的组织和性能的影响规律。结果表明,随着Al-10Sr变质剂加入量的增加,共晶Si的形貌由片状和长杆状变为颗粒状和蠕虫状,α-Al的晶粒尺寸先减少后增大。当Al-10Sr的加入量(质量分数)为0.3%时,挤压铸造成形件的最优抗拉强度、屈服强度和延伸率分别为221.3 MPa、104.5 MPa和10.3%。Al-10Sr变质能提高形核率、细化α-Al晶粒尺寸和改变共晶硅形貌,使铸造件的力学性能提高。随着A-5Ti-B的增加,晶粒尺寸先降后增,力学性能先增后降。Al-5Ti-B的加入量为0.6%时,最优抗拉强度、屈服强度和延伸率分别为215.6 MPa、106.6 MPa和9.0%。T6热处理(固溶540℃/4 h+时效190℃/4 h)使屈服强度和抗拉强度显著提高和延伸率降低。经过0.6% 的Al-5Ti-B细化处理,T6处理挤压铸造件的最优的抗拉强度、屈服强度和延伸率分别为297.5 MPa、239.3 MPa和8.0%。共晶硅的球化和细化、成形件成分的均匀化以及Mg₂Si强化相在基体中弥散析出,是热处理后构件力学性能提高的主要原因。     

Role of plunge depth on the joint formation and mechanical behavior of Al6063-AZ91 dissimilar lap joint produced by friction stir welding

Dissimilar lap joint of Al6063 aluminium and AZ91 magnesium alloys was successfully produced by friction stir welding. Three different plunge depths (3.2 mm, 3.25 mm, and 3.3 mm) were adopted during welding. Similar Al6063–Al6063 lap joints were also produced along with the dissimilar Al6063–AZ91 joints for the purpose of comparing the joint formation. With the increased plunge depth, the width of the similar Al6063 - Al6063 lap joint was increased. On the contrary, joint width was decreased for the dissimilar joint with increased plunge depths. The dissimilar joint was formed with a strong metallurgical bonding between the Al6063 and AZ91 alloys, which is attributed to the mechanical mixing of these alloys in the nugget zone. Additionally, the formation of intermetallics was also observed from the x-ray diffraction analysis. The variations within the measured hardness values were higher at the joint interface due to the mixing of aluminium and magnesium alloys in the nugget zone. From the tensile shear tests, increased strength and decreased elongation were measured with the increased plunge depth. The results demonstrate the importance of the plunge depth on the lap joint formation between dissimilar Al6063–AZ91 alloys during friction stir welding.     

An investigation into the capability of unconventional amount of aluminum and nano-alumina to alter the mechanical response of magnesium

In the present study, magnesium aluminum alloys with aluminum content exceeding conventional alloying limit (Mg–10Al, Mg–15Al, and Mg–20Al) and the composite of Mg–10Al alloy with 1.5 volume percentage of nano-alumina particulates are created using the technique of disintegrated melt deposition. Significant improvements in microstructure and mechanical properties compared with pure magnesium are obtained. Intermetallic phase Mg₁₇Al₁₂ was detected in all the materials. The increase in amount of aluminum in magnesium led to a reduction in coefficient of thermal expansion and a marginal increase in porosity. Yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, and hardness increased significantly with an increasing amount of aluminum. The 0.2% yield strength increased from 140 to 394 MPa (181%) in the case of Mg–20Al. Ductility reduced with progressive addition of aluminum. However, the addition of both Al and nano-alumina particulates significantly increased not only strengths, but also ductility of pure Mg. The overall tensile properties assessed in terms of work of fracture increased by almost 143% in the case of composite sample. An attempt is made in this study to correlate the tensile response of alloys and composite with their microstructural characteristics.     

水下搅拌摩擦焊对铝/铜接头组织与性能的影响

目的 采用搅拌摩擦焊,对比分析大气环境和水下环境下铝/铜接头的组织与性能,以期获得力学性能更优异的铝/铜焊接接头。方法 利用搅拌摩擦焊,在焊接速度为40 mm/min、旋转速度为1 000 r/min的条件下,分别在大气环境和水下环境下对厚度为9 mm的6061铝合金板和T2纯铜板进行焊接。然后,对铝/铜界面、焊核区进行扫描电镜及能谱分析,并对铝/铜界面及焊核区进行物相分析,确定产物相组成。最后,对铝/铜试样进行拉伸及硬度检测。结果 铝/铜接头均无裂纹、气孔等缺陷。铜颗粒弥散分布在焊核区,铝/铜界面形成金属间化合物层。水下搅拌摩擦焊下界面元素扩散距离明显变短,且金属间化合物厚度更薄。铝/铜接头的金属间化合物为AlCu和Al4Cu9。大气环境焊接下接头的抗拉强度为130.6 MPa,断裂方式为脆性断裂;水下焊接下接头的抗拉强度为199.5 MPa,断裂方式为韧性断裂。水下环境下的接头硬度值更高,其中热影响区的硬度最低值约为65HV。结论 水下搅拌摩擦焊铝/铜接头无裂纹、气孔等缺陷。组织上,水下搅拌摩擦焊的铝/铜接头界面元素扩散距离更短,硬脆的金属间化合物更少;性能上,水下搅拌摩擦焊的铝/铜接头强度更高,抗拉强度达到199.5 MPa,达到母材的74.4%。     

泡沫铝变形与吸能特性研究

目的研究密度、孔洞分布以及加载应变率对泡沫铝材料变形行为和吸能特性的影响。方法对3种不同密度范围的泡沫铝材料进行不同应变率下的压缩实验研究。结果实验结果显示,在10 mm/min加载速率下,密度范围为0.27~0.33 g/cm3和0.47~0.53 g/cm3的泡沫铝材料平均屈服应力分别为1.3和7.2MPa,平均应变能密度分别为0.8和3.8 MJ/m3。此外,密度为0.453 g/m3但孔洞分布不均匀的泡沫铝应变能密度为3.26 MJ/m3,密度为0.449 g/m3但孔洞分布均匀的泡沫铝应变能密度为3.84 MJ/m3。结论随着密度的增加,泡沫材料的屈服应力以及对应于不同应变时的应力均增加,而孔洞分布均匀的泡沫材料的能量吸收能力明显优于孔洞分布不均匀的泡沫材料,此外,加载速度对泡沫材料的应力应变行为有一定的影响,但对其能量吸收能力并无影响。     

Improving friction stir weldability of Al/Mg alloys via ultrasonically diminishing pin adhesion

Formation of intermetallic compounds (IMCs) during friction stir welding (FSW) of aluminum/magnesium (Al/Mg) alloys easily results in the pin adhesion and then deteriorates joint formation. The severe pin adhesion transformed the tapered-and-screwed pin into a tapered pin at a low welding speed of 30 mm/min. The pin adhesion problem was solved with the help of ultrasonic. The weldability of Al/Mg alloys was significantly improved due to the good material flow induced by mechanical vibration and the fragments of the IMCs on the surface of a rotating pin caused by acoustic streaming, respectively. A sound joint with ultrasonic contained long Al/Mg interface joining length and complex mixture of Al/Mg alloys in the stir zone, thereby achieving perfect metallurgical bonding and mechanical interlocking. The ultrasonic could broaden process window and then improve tensile properties. The tensile strength of the Al/Mg joint with ultrasonic reached 115 MPa.     

Effect of annealing on precipitation, microstructural stability, and mechanical properties of cryorolled Al 6063 alloy

The effect of annealing on precipitation, microstructural stability, and mechanical properties of cryorolled Al 6063 alloy has been investigated in the present work employing hardness measurements, tensile test, XRD, DSC, EBSD, and TEM. The solution-treated bulk Al 6063 alloy was subjected to cryorolling to produce ultrafine grain structures and subsequently annealing treatment to investigate its thermal stability. The CR Al 6063 alloys with ultrafine-grained microstructure are thermally stable up to 250 °C as observed in the present work. Within the range of 150–225 °C, the size of small precipitate particles is <1 μm. These small precipitate particles pin the grain boundaries due to Zener drag effect, due to which the grain growth is retarded. The hardness and tensile strength of the cryorolled Al 6063 alloys have decreased upon subjecting it to annealing treatment (150–250 °C).