二维与三维电极法处理苯酚废水试验研究

以苯酚模拟废水为研究对象,对pH值、电解电压、电解质浓度、电解时间进行L16（44）正交试验,确定电催化氧化法处理苯酚废水的最佳反应条件为：pH值为6,电解电压为9 V,电解质浓度为20 g/L,电解时间为120 min。在此基础上,确定三维电极法最佳活性炭投加量为150 g/L,通过试验得出,在一定时间下,三维电极法废水处理效果明显优于二维电极法。     

高压脉冲电絮凝法处理印染废水研究

以自制高压脉冲电絮凝装置处理印染废水,研究脉冲电压、电絮凝时间、溶液p H值、极板间距等对印染废水的处理效果的影响。通过正交和单因素分析,得出最佳工艺条件为:板间距为3cm,电絮凝时间为90min,脉冲电压为60V时,此条件下,印染废水的CODCr去除率为73.63%,SS去除率为98.27%。     

油气田含硫废水化学混凝-臭氧氧化复合处理工艺

对油气田含硫废水来源、组成及危害进行分析,提出化学混凝-臭氧氧化复合处理的工艺技术。通过单因素和正交实验,对化学混凝及臭氧氧化处理的影响因素进行分析,得到了优化的工艺条件：①采用化学混凝处理时,混凝剂选用HNJFZ混凝剂（加量为3500mg/L）,絮凝剂选用FASG絮凝剂（加量为15mg/L）,体系的pH值为8～9;②采用臭氧氧化深度处理时,臭氧浓度为60mg/L,氧化时间为40min,pH值为10.0左右。采用上述复合处理工艺条件对含硫废水进行处理验证。验证结果显示,含硫废水的水色清澈,CODCr由6346mg/L降至98.5mg/L,S2-浓度由132mg/L降至0.897mg/L,去除率分别达到98.4%和99.3%,可满足污水综合排放标准（GB8978—1996）的要求。     

阴极电Fenton法脱色酸性红B废水研究

研究以钛钌网做阴阳极对酸性红B模拟废水的脱色效果，考察不同电解方式、pH值、电流强度外加Fe^2＋浓度和酸性红起始浓度等对脱色效果的影响。实验结果表明：在Fe^2＋的投加量为3mg／L、外接电源的电流强度I=3A，pH=2时，阴极电Fenton法对模拟酸性红废水的脱色效果最好。     

脉冲电絮凝预处理螺内酯生产废水的单因素研究

为了研究电极材料、电絮凝时间、pH、极板间距对螺内酯生产废水的COD和色度降解效率的影响,采用单因素法分析.结果表明,各要素对COD降解影响为:絮凝时间＞pH值＞极板间距＞电极材料;最佳实验条件是pH为8,絮凝时间45 min,极板间距1 cm,电极材料为铁铝混合,此时COD的最高去除率为59.53％; pH值、极板间距、电极材料对COD去除率不具有显著性影响,絮凝时间对COD去除具有显著影响.     

太阳光Fenton氧化-混凝联合处理含酚废水

研究了煤气含酚废水和模拟苯酚废水的太阳光Fenton氧化-混凝联合处理技术,比较了混凝法、太阳光Fenton氧化法及其联合技术对含酚废水的处理效果。结果表明,太阳光Fenton体系可有效地氧化降解含酚废水,但废水完全矿化所需的H2O2用量较大,导致处理成本较高。含酚废水直接采用混凝处理的效果不理想,CODCr和挥发酚去除率较低(6.5%～28.7%)。采用太阳光Fenton氧化-混凝联合技术处理中等浓度的煤气含酚废水,使其CODCr和挥发酚浓度达到国家二级排放标准,只需投加700mg/L的H2O2,而单纯采用太阳光Fenton氧化所需消耗的H2O2大于2800mg/L,即联合技术可节约H2O2用量3倍以上。结果还表明晴天下太阳光Fenton氧化反应45min与人工电紫外光Fenton氧化反应30min对含酚废水的处理效果相当。太阳光Fenton氧化-混凝联合技术具有能耗低、处理效率高、处理量大等特点,在环境治理领域具有更广阔的应用前景。     

活性炭处理含2,4,6-三氯酚废水的研究

以活性炭对含三氯酚的模拟废水进行处理.采用静态试验的方法研究活性炭投加量、处理时间、温度、pH对三氯酚去除效果的影响.结果表明,活性炭处理含三氯酚废水的最适温度为25～30℃,最适pH值为3.0～7.0.在最适合条件下,理论上将1L含三氯酚浓度为127mg/L的废水处理达到国家三级污水排放标准（1.0mg/L）,需投加活性炭81.5g.     

活性炭处理含2,4,6—三氯酚废水的研究

以活性炭对含三氯酚的模拟废水进行处理。采用静态试验的方法研究活性炭投加量、处理时间、温度、pH对三氯酚去除效果的影响。结果表明,活性炭处理含三氯酚废水的最适温度为25~30℃,最适pH值为3.0~7.0。在最适合条件下,理论上将1L含三氯酚浓度为127mg/L的废水处理达到国家三级污水排放标准(1.0mg/L),需投加活性炭81.5g。     

铁碳微电解-Fenton试剂法处理高浓度表面活性剂废水研究

废水中的表面活性剂使水面产生大量不易消失的泡沫,并对动植物和人体有害。采用铁碳微电解-Fenton试剂法,以某公司不同时间段的废水为实验水样,进行了高浓度表面活性剂废水的处理效果实验研究。实验考察了不同Fe/C值、进水pH值、m（FeSO4）/v（H2O2）值以及水力停留时间、气水化、氧化剂量等工艺参数对高浓度表面活性剂废水的处理效果。结果表明,采用该工艺。在进水LAS浓度为1950～3020mg/L时,微电解反应器进水pH值为3～4、铁碳质量比（Fe/C）为2：1、水力停留时间（HRT）为60min、气水比（体积比）为12：1;催化氧化反应器进水pH值小于5、m（FeSO4）/v（H2O2）比值为1/10、H2O2加入量为5mL/L、反应时间为4h的条件下,联合处理后表面活性剂平均去除率大于90%.     

微生物燃料电池处理养猪废水实验研究

针对养猪废水COD浓度大和可生化性强的特点,建立微生物燃料电池处理养猪废水,考察微生物燃料电池对COD去除效果,研究不同pH值和电导率对微生物燃料电池去除养猪废水COD影响。结果表明,当COD浓度从1325mg/L增加到9020mg/L,电池输出电量从9.7C增加到44.1C;调节养猪废水pH为6.5、8.4和10.2,NaCl溶液控制三组实验电导率为3300μs/cm,微生物燃料电池最大输出电压分别为288mV、366mV和450mV,COD去除率为58.4%、60.8%和76.4%;pH为10.2,投加NaCl浓度分别为(0、150和300)mmol/L,废水COD去除率分别为61.6%、67.0和68.4%。     

三维电解强化木醋液废水可生化性

该文主要研究不同有机负荷发酵条件下废水的毒性作用规律,并考察三维电解技术的解毒效果.实验结果表明,随着有机负荷的升高,产甲烷活性抑制程度逐渐增强且COD去除率急剧降低,在4 g COD/L时产甲烷抑制率达到38.2％.结合高通量测序技术对发酵过程中细菌和古菌进行分析,发现微生物菌群结构发酵前后变化较为明显.而经优化的三...     

Integrated approach for textile industry wastewater for efficient hydrogen production and treatment through solar PV electrolysis

Combining solar PV based electrolysis process and textile dyeing industry wastewater for hydrogen production is considered feasible route for resource utilization. An updated experimental method, which integrates resource availability to assess the wastewater based hydrogen production with highlights of wastewater treatment, use of solar energy to reduce the high-grade electricity for electrolysis (voltage, electrode materials) efficiency of the process was employed. Results showed that maximum pollutant removal efficiency in terms of conductivity, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids, biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, hardness, total nitrogen and total phosphorus were obtained from ≅73% to ≅96% at 12 V with steel electrode for pollutant load. The maximum input voltage was found at 3 V for the best efficiency i.e. 49.6%, 67.8% and 57.1% with carbon, steel and platinum electrodes respectively. It was observed that with high voltage (12 V) of the electrolyte the rate of production of hydrogen was higher with carbon, steel and platinum electrodes. However, the increase in the efficiency of the production of hydrogen was not significant with high voltage, may be due to energy loss through heat during extra-over potential voltage to the electrodes. Hence, this integrated way provides a new insight for wastewater treatment and hydrogen energy production simultaneously.     

Experimental study on the electrolytic treatment of ammonia and chlorine in the wastewater from the precipitation of rare earth carbonate

The high concentration of ammonium chloride in the wastewater from the precipitation of rare earth carbonate was studied by an electrolytic method in this paper. The decomposition rate of ammonium chloride is obtained by electrolysis experiment, and the main components of wastewater can be transformed into raw and auxiliary materials that can be reused in the rare earth smelting process, so as to achieve the purpose of treating rare earth carbonate precipitation wastewater and provide a new method for the treatment of rare earth carbonate precipitation wastewater. The principle of the electrolysis process is analyzed in this study, and the optimum electrolysis factor is determined by the condition experiment. The changes in membrane materials and electrode materials before and after use are discussed. The experiments of stripping ammonia water and the reaction conditions of the formation experiment of ammonium bicarbonate are studied. The rare earth carbonate precipitation wastewater with the initial ammonium chloride concentration of 50 g/L was electrolyzed. The concentration of ammonia chloride was reduced to 3.5 g/L after electrolysis, and the electrolysis rate exceeded 90%. The purity of the ammonium chloride after electrolysis could exceed 93%. No industrial reagent was introduced in the electrolysis process, and no other pollutants were produced.     

降解生物质气化洗焦废水微生物的选择

选用首都师范大学生物系保存的菌种，采用单一菌种和混合菌种对生物质气化洗焦废水进行生物降解，选择有较好降解生物质气化焦废水能力的微生物。当洗焦废水含量为100mL/L时，单一菌种和混合菌种可使洗焦废水中的COD去除率分别达到58．3％和81．4％。混合菌种对洗焦废水的降解率明显高于单一菌种，当洗焦废水含量分别为150mL/L,200mL/L和300mL/L时，混合菌种S4对洗焦废水的COD去除率分别是63．6％，56．7％和51．2％，随着洗焦废水含量增加，微生物对其降解速度减慢，降解率降低。洗焦废水含量在100mL/L以下时，混合菌种对其有理想的降解效果。     

二株假单胞菌降解生物质气化洗焦废水COD的特性研究

为了使生物质气化中产生的洗焦废水得到循-环使用，首先用木屑、活性炭过滤预处理，滤液用菌种Pseudomonas SP1和Pseudomonas SP2进行进一步好氧降解。结果表明，COD浓度小于1800mg／L，采用两种菌降解颗粒活性炭过滤后的洗焦废水，均达到了理想的降解效果。SP1和SP2的COD去除率分别为73．2％和82．9％，SP2的降解效果明显好于SP1。当SP1和SP2等量混合降解颗粒活性炭过滤后的洗焦废水时，COD去除率达到98．1％。然后用生物膜反应器处理未经过滤预处理的生物质气化洗焦废水，经挂膜和增菌后，反应器可得到稳定和高效的运转，进水浓度1800mg／L，水滞留期保持在36h，洗焦废水的COD去除率为89％，苯、萘、酚、蒽、喹啉和异喹啉的去除率达到了理想的效果。     

Biological hydrogen production in an anaerobic sequencing batch reactor: pH and cyclic duration effects

An anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR) was used to evaluate biological hydrogen production from carbohydrate-rich organic wastes. The goal of the proposed project was to investigate the effects of pH (4.9, 5.5, 6.1, and 6.7), and cyclic duration (4, 6, and 8 h) on hydrogen production. With the ASBR operated at 16-h HRT, 25 g COD/L, and 4-h cyclic duration, the results showed that the maximum hydrogen yield of 2.53 mol H₂/mol sucrose_consumed appeared at pH 4.9. The carbohydrate removal efficiency declined to 56% at pH 4.9, which indirectly resulted in the reduction of total volatile fatty acid production. Acetate fermentation was the dominant metabolic pathway at pH 4.9. The concentration of mixed liquor volatile suspended solid (MLVSS) also showed a decrease from nearly 15,000 mg/L between pHs 6.1 and 6.7 to 6000 mg/L at pH 4.9. Investigation of the effect of cyclic duration found that hydrogen yield reached the maximum of 1.86 mol H₂/mol sucrose_consumed at 4-h cyclic duration while ASBR was operating at 16-h HRT, 15 g COD/L, and pH 4.9. The experimental results showed that MLVSS concentration increased from 6200 mg/L at 4-h cyclic duration to 8500 mg/L at 8-h cyclic duration. However, there was no significant change in effluent volatile suspended solid concentration. The results of butyrate to acetate ratio showed that using this ratio to correlate the performance of hydrogen production is not appropriate due to the growth of homoacetogens. In ASBR, the operation is subject to four different phases of each cycle, and only the complete mix condition can be achieved at react phase. The pH and cyclic duration under the unique operations profoundly impact fermentative hydrogen production.     

Hydrogen production from sulfate- and ferrous-enriched wastewater

The quantitative relationship between sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) and hydrogen (H₂) production from sulfate (SO₄²⁻) and ferrous [Fe(II)] enriched wastewater was investigated. Both Fe(II) (0–11,600 mg/L) and SO₄²⁻ (0–20,000 mg/L) improved the H₂ production efficiency from wastewater. The H₂ yields were increased up to 1.9 mol H₂/mol glucose in 580–1750 mg Fe(II)/L and 1000–3000 mg SO₄²⁻/L enriched wastewater at pH 5.8–6.2. Quantitative Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) analyses revealed that the specific sulfate reducing activities (SSRA) were increased from 0.08 and 0.06 to 0.16 and 0.21 g TS/g SRB h in response to variations in sulfate concentration from 300–20,000 mg/L at pH 5.8 and 6.2, respectively. H₂ production was not influenced by low SSRA (≤0.1 g TS/g SRB h), which was independent of pH variation. The results demonstrated that the SSRA and Fe(II) concentration can significantly influence on the biological H₂ production from SO₄²⁻ and Fe(II) containing wastewater.     

Sugar industry waste-derived anode for enhanced biohydrogen production from rice mill wastewater using artificial photo-assisted microbial electrolysis cell

Microbial Electrolysis Cell (MEC) is a promising green technology for energy production from wastewater. This study attempts to investigate the biohydrogen production from rice mill wastewater using artificial photo-assisted microbial electrolysis cell (APAMEC) with an inexpensive anode prepared from carbonaceous material disposed by sugar industry. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analyses confirmed the presence of carbon on the electrode surface. Cyclic Voltammogram analysis indicated that the carbonaceous anode has higher reduction peak at 0.7 V compared to control (plain carbon cloth) electrode. The experimental results showed a maximum hydrogen production of 220 mL on 5th day of fermentation and the production rate observed was 3.6 ± 0.4 mL/l/h. The effect of pH and acid concentration used in the acid hydrolysis of rice mill wastewater and the effect of artificial light on biohydrogen production were investigated. The optimum pH and acid concentration of 6 and 1.5%, respectively, gave better biohydrogen production and COD removal. The results demonstrated that the development of inexpensive anode from the waste disposed by sugar industry would pave the path to scale-up MECs.     

Electrolysis of black liquor for hydrogen production: Some initial findings

Electrolysis of black liquor, an effluent from paper industry, was carried out and compared with alkaline water electrolysis. Energy efficiency in terms of HHV of hydrogen was found in the range of 84–97% whereas under similar conditions alkaline water electrolysis could not give more than 66% efficiency. Hydrogen evolution in black liquor electrolysis was possible even at an inter electrode potential of 1.17 V but in alkaline water electrolysis there was no hydrogen production below an inter electrode potential of 1.31 V. In addition to this, alkali lignin, amounting to 28–46 mg/mg of hydrogen produced, was separated at anode during black liquor electrolysis, which, on account of its good calorific value, has the potential of significantly improving the overall energy efficiency of the process.