高分子聚合物力学阻尼材料的研究进展

1　前言阻尼材料是近年来发展起来的一种减振降噪材料 ,是能够把振动能和声能转变为热能耗散掉的新型功能材料。高分子材料由于结构的特殊性而广泛地应用于阻尼材料。高分子聚合物在玻璃化转变温度Ｔｇ区域时 ,大分子链段松驰运动的能力很强 ,能产生很强的分子内摩擦力 ,吸收一部分振动能 ,再以“热”的形式而损失 ,从而产生振动的阻尼。2　高分子聚合物的阻尼机理众所周知 ,阻尼材料就是使振动衰减的高分子材料。用来衡量材料阻尼特性的参数是材料的损耗因子 ( β)。其定义为 β =Ｇ″/Ｇ′ =ｔｇα[1 ] 。式中 ,α是材料受激励后 ,应变滞…     

互穿聚合物网络阻尼材料

综述了近年来国内外有关阻尼材料的研究成果,提出互穿聚合物网络（ＩＰＮ）作为一种阻尼材料,具有其他类型高分子材料不能比拟的优势,同时展望了ＩＰＮ阻尼材料的研究前景。     

高分子材料在舰船与海洋工程领域中研究进展

对舰船用高分子材料在军用领域和民用领域的发展进行回顾,并介绍了高分子材料在舰船建造和维修领域的应用以及在舰船与海洋工程中的使用概况,着重介绍了舰船用高分子阻尼材料、高分子树脂基复合材料以及高分子吸声材料的研究进展,同时对高分子材料在舰船与海洋工程中的应用前景进行了展望。     

导电高分子材料的导电原理及制备方法

阐述了导电高分子材料的导电原理，即导电回路的形成和导电方式，介绍了导电高分子材料的制备方法：复合型导电高分子材料采用镀金属膜、加导电粉末、导电纤维、抗静电剂等物理方法制得，结构型导电高分子材料采用无规共聚、接枝共聚的掺杂的化学方法制得。     

高分子阻尼材料的制备及其在桥梁支座上的应用

高分子材料具有良好的减振降噪效果,已被广泛应用于建筑、机械、桥梁等领域。但大多数高分子材料单一使用时阻尼效果差,限制了其应用范围;而通过常规方法提高高分子材料的阻尼性能,其效果并不明显。为获得具有高阻尼损耗峰且有效阻尼温域较宽的高分子阻尼材料,对国内外高分子阻尼材料最新研究进展进行了综述,并对高分子阻尼材料在桥梁支座上的工程化应用进行了介绍。     

高分子阻尼材料及阻尼结构

介绍了高分子阻尼材料及阻尼结构技术的研究进展情况,涉及聚合物阻尼机理,新型阻尼材料研究开发,各式阻尼结构及特点,并着重介绍了复合阻尼结构,对其中一些进行了工作机理分析。     

碳系/高分子导电复合材料研究现状

首先对碳系导电高分子材料的导电原理和制备方法进行了简单介绍,随后简述了石墨、炭黑、碳纤维和石墨烯分别与高分子材料制备导电复合材料的国内外研究现状,最后对导电高分子材料未来的应用和发展进行了展望。     

高分子材料分子自增强的理论与实践

本文介绍了提高高分子材料力学性能的材料学基础和方法,讨论了高分子材料注塑自增强的一些理论原理和工艺特点,并对注塑自增强高分子材料的结构和存在的问题进行了详细的论述。     

动态热力学分析在高分子材料中的应用

介绍了动态热力学分析(DMA)在高分子材料玻璃化转变温度测定、耐热耐寒性评价、阻尼性能表征、相容性研究、固化过程研究、老化机理研究及寿命预估等方面的应用,指出DMA已成为研究高分子材料性能的重要方法之一.     

聚氨酯阻尼材料研究进展

概述了高分子阻尼材料的阻尼机理,综述了通过接枝、嵌段等方法改变聚氨酯分子链的刚性结构或通过高分子共混、互穿聚合物网络技术等提高聚氨酯材料阻尼性能的研究进展,并介绍了聚氨酯阻尼涂料在舰船、汽车等领域的应用进展,最后指出了高分子阻尼材料的发展方向及前景。     

耐热阻尼胶及应用研究

介绍了高分子材料的阻尼原理,以橡胶和树脂共混的形式,提高和加宽阻尼钢板的使用温度范围,同时提高粘接强度,以及用该胶制成的阻尼钢板的压合工艺和技术参数。     

降噪高分子材料及其应用

降噪材料按降噪机理可分为阻尼减振材料、吸声材料和隔声材料。降噪高分子材料可广泛应用于建筑、交通、化工和生活等各个领域。综述了降噪高分子材料的主要种类及其作用机理，并对高分子降噪材料的研究现状和应用情况作了简单的介绍。     

压电导电型聚合物基减振复合材料研究进展

为了解决传统高聚物减振复合材料的减振效果对温度的依赖性很大这个问题,根据压电导电原理研制了一种新型减振复合材料－压电导电型减振复合材料。本文概述了压电导电型减振复合材料的研究进展情况,归纳其优缺点,并预测其发展趋势和应用前景。     

高性能阻尼高聚物体系分子设计研究进展

从高聚物体系分子设计的角度综述近年关于高性能阻尼高聚物的研究现状,对阻尼高聚物体系主要的设计和改性方法进行了详细的讨论,探讨了制备高性能阻尼高聚物的新方法,并从分子设计的角度展望了高聚物阻尼材料的发展前景。     

Synthesis,structure, and thermophysical and mechanical properties of new polymers prepared by the cationic copolymerization of corn oil,styrene, and divinylbenzene

New thermosetting polymeric materials were prepared by the cationic copolymerization of corn oil or conjugated corn oil with styrene and divinylbenzene initiated by boron trifluoride diethyl etherate or related modified initiators. The gel times ranged from a few minutes to hours or even days depending on the stoichiometry and curing temperatures. These polymeric materials possessed crosslink densities of 50 to 1.5 × 10⁴ mol/m³ and glass‐transition temperatures of 30–99°C. The materials range from soft rubbers to tough and rigid plastics. The Young's moduli of these materials varied from 0.6 to 474 MPa, the ultimate tensile strengths varied from 0.5 to 17.6 MPa, the elongation at break percentages varied from 2 to 198%, the flexural strengths varied from 0.2 to 36 MPa, and the compressive strengths varied from 4.8 to 63.8 MPa. In addition to having commercially viable thermophysical and mechanical properties, these new materials also possessed good damping and shape‐memory properties, suggesting numerous, promising applications for these novel corn oil‐based polymeric materials. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 1830–1838, 2003     

Improved Viscoelastic Damping for Earthquake-Resistant Wood Structures

In this work viscoelastic polymeric damping material was studied for its ability to damp out vibrations in wood structures (houses). This is accomplished by placing a thin layer of the material between wood stud and sheathing material. Damping performance of three individual polymers was obtained and compared to two types of blends of the materials. Placing the strips of material next to each other (parallel arrangement for shear) rather than on top of each other (series arrangement for shear), gave improved damping results over a wider temperature range relative to the single polymers. This is attributed to the widening of the damping peak by combining the materials. This is expected to be useful in earthquake-resistant wooden structures, such as housing, by delaying collapse and by absorbing energy, thereby increasing likelihood of saving the lives of the inhabitants.     

Noise generation and propagation control in disc brake systems using composite friction materials composed of thermoplastic elastomers as viscoelastic materials

Attempts have been made for the first time to produce a thermal sensitive friction material by the inclusion of thermoplastic elastomers (TPE) with combined plastic and rubbery properties as viscoelastic polymeric materials into the composition of the friction material for the purpose of increasing damping behavior. To evaluate the viscoelastic parameters such as loss factor (tan δ) and elastic modulus (E′) of the friction material on the molecular scale, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis was performed on the samples. Natural frequencies and mode shapes of the friction material and brake disc were determined by modal analysis. Styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS), styrene–ethylene–butylene–styrene (SEBS) and nitrile rubber/polyvinyl chloride (NBR/PVC) blend systems have been used as TPE materials. However, NBR/PVC and SEBS were found to be more effective in preventing the noise generation and reducing the amplitude of the brake vibrations. All the friction materials containing TPEs exhibited more damping characteristics within a wide range of temperature compared with the damping characteristics of the reference sample. POLYM. COMPOS. 27:461–469, 2006. © 2006 Society of Plastics Engineers.     

降解性高分子材料的研究开发进展

综述了生物降解高分子材料,光降解高分子材料和光－生物降解高分子材料的种类、制备方法、性能及其应用,指出了降解高分子材料存在的问题方向,通过比较认为光降解高分子材料技术比较成就,完全生物降解高分子材料和光－生物降解高分子材料发展前景看好,并对今后的发展提出了建议。     

环境降解塑料的研究开发进展

介绍了环境降解塑料的降解机理及其分类。综述了光降解高分子材料、生物降解高分子材料的种类、制备方法、性能及其应用。指出了环境降解高分子材料存在的问题及发展方向。通过比较认为光降解高分子材料技术比较成熟，完全生物降解高分子材料发展前景看好，并对今后的发展提出了建议。     

Effect of layering pattern on dynamic mechanical properties of randomly oriented short banana/sisal hybrid fiber–reinforced polyester composites

Dynamic mechanical test methods have been widely employed for investigating the structures and viscoelastic behavior of polymeric materials to determine their relevant stiffness and damping characteristics for various applications. Randomly oriented short banana/sisal hybrid fiber–reinforced polyester composites were prepared by keeping the volume ratio of banana and sisal 1 : 1 and the total fiber loading 0.40 volume fraction. Bilayer (banana/sisal), trilayer (banana/sisal/banana and sisal/banana/sisal), and intimate mix composites were prepared. The effect of layering pattern on storage modulus (E′), damping behavior (tan δ), and loss modulus (E″) was studied as a function of temperature and frequency. Bilayer composite showed high damping property while intimately mixed and banana/sisal/banana composites showed increased stiffness compared to the other pattern. The Arrhenius relationship has been used to calculate the activation energy of the glass transition of the composites. The activation energy of the intimately mixed composite was found to be the highest. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 2168–2174, 2005