伞喷油雾与热多孔介质相互作用的数值模拟

为深入认识多孔介质发动机中均匀混合气的形成，用改进的KIVA-3V详细模拟了伞喷油雾与热多孔介质之间的相互作用．在KIVA-3V中增加了油滴碰撞热多孔介质壁面的碰撞模型、传热模型．为检测数值模型的合理性，在Senda等人的实验条件下进行了数值计算．油束碰壁后油滴和油蒸气分布的数值计算结果与实验结果吻合较好．在简化多孔介质结构的基础上和不同的环境压力及喷雾锥角时，模拟了伞喷油雾与热多孔介质的碰撞过程．计算结果表明，伞喷油雾的喷雾锥角及空间压力对油滴在多孔介质中的分布有着很大的影响，在多孔介质厚度一定时，通过调节这些参数，能够形成均匀混合气．     

回热式多孔介质发动机的排放特性分析

研究了回热式多孔介质发动机的排放特性.使用Ferrenberg所提出的回热式发动机模型,其多孔介质面热器在气缸中作往复运动.用改进的KIVA-3V程序进行了二维模拟.探讨了在不同当量比和孔隙率条件下,气缸内燃烧和排放特性.结果表明,回热式多孔介质发动机在燃烧和排放方面较之常规都有明显的优势.采用低当量比能有效地降低污染物的排放,而孔隙率的影响则与当量比有关.分析证明,采用多孔介质回热器是发动机实现稀薄燃烧的一条可供选择的途径.     

多孔介质发动机燃烧过程的多维数值研究

多孔介质发动机是一种新概念内燃机,它能实现均质和稳定燃烧.用改进的KIVA-3V对一种特定结构的多孔介质发动机的工作过程进行了模拟,并讨论了多孔介质初始温度、多孔介质结构特点对其燃烧与工作特性的影响.计算结果表明,在压缩比一定时,多孔介质初始温度是多孔介质发动机能否压燃着火的决定性因素;不同结构的泡沫陶瓷直接影响多孔介质内气固两相的换热,影响燃烧后期缸内温度和多孔介质固相的平均温度.     

两种形式多孔介质发动机燃用液体燃料的着火特性

融合一种新式燃烧理念的多孔介质发动机,能够实现发动机的均质、高效和稳定燃烧.为加深对两种形式多孔介质发动机燃用液体燃料着火特性的了解及探讨影响其各自压燃着火的因素,用改进的KIVA-3V对两种形式的多孔介质发动机燃用异辛烷的工作过程进行了模拟,并讨论了多孔介质初始温度、多孔介质结构对两种形式发动机压燃着火的影响.计算结果表明,压缩比一定时,多孔介质初始温度是决定两种形式多孔介质发动机能否实现压燃着火的重要因素;与永久性接触型发动机相比,在较低的多孔介质初始温度下,即可保证周期性接触型发动机实现压燃着火;多孔介质结构通过改变多孔介质内气固两相换热及弥散作用影响两种形式多孔介质发动机的压燃着火.     

单液滴在多孔介质内碰壁过程的数值模拟

应用数值模拟方法研究不同尺寸单一液滴碰撞常温多孔介质内壁面时的运动与变形行为.界面跟踪采用基于VOF的体跟踪模型,简化的多孔介质结构应用孔隙网络模型.主要考查了初始液滴碰撞动能、表面能及液滴与多孔介质内壁面相对尺寸大小对液滴碰壁现象的影响,分析了液滴在多孔内壁面上形成液膜、液膜延展碰撞喉道壁面及飞溅破碎等过程的动力学特...     

多孔介质层内同轴管式井下换热器的相似解

对多孔介质层内同轴管式井下换热器的自然对流传热过程进行了数值模拟。通过对井下换热器分段并依次在局部采用对流相似解法对其周围遵循Ｄａｒｃｙ定律的多孔介质层内自然对流过程进行了近似求解，得到了有关多孔介质层物性参数对井下换热器热输出影响的规律。     

多孔介质辅助平板式太阳能集热器热性能强化的数值仿真研究

多孔介质材料具有良好的传热和蓄热性能。设计了新型多孔介质辅助平板式太阳能集热器的二维数值仿真模型，对其内部热性能进行了数值模拟，研究多孔介质块的形状(矩形、梯形、三角形结构)、布置数量和渗透率(达西数Da=10^-5～10^-2)等因素对平板式太阳能集热器热性能强化的影响；然后考虑到插入多孔介质伴随的压降和摩擦阻力损失，提出了评价集热器传热性能与阻力损失的性能评估标准。研究结果表明：在平板式太阳能集热器换热通道插入4种不同形状的多孔介质块，矩形多孔介质块背部附近区域更易产生涡区，集热器内传热性能最强，但通道内流动阻力系数大，从而导致阻力损失大。当多孔介质区域总长度一定时，随着多孔介质块布置数量的增加，涡区数量相应增加，集热器内传热性能加强，且通道内流动阻力损失呈现先增加后降低的规律。多孔介质块渗透率对集热器传热性能的影响显著，当Da=10^-2时，集热器传热性能最强。集热器内多孔介质块布置任意数量、高渗透率(Da=10^-2)条件下，矩形多孔介质块的性能评估标准最佳；在多孔介质块布置数量(N=6)较多、低渗...     

共轭梯度法求解竖直环隙间多孔介质的传热反问题

提出一种反演多孔介质热物性参数的一般数值模式。采用有限体积法对竖直环隙间多孔介质模型进行离散化,通过SIMPLE算法获得竖直环隙间多孔介质传热系统的温度场和流体的速度场。通过构建误差信息最小化函数,建立反演模型。利用共轭梯度法对单宗量和多宗量的多孔介质热物性参数进行了反演,并讨论了待反演参数的初始猜测值、温度测点数、温度测量误差等对反演结果的影响。     

基于Matlab数字图像处理的多片喷雾特性研究

从提高直喷柴油机缸內油气分布均匀性及减少燃油附壁来降低排放的角度出发,开发了利用多孔油嘴喷出的油束近距离撞击导向平面的多片喷雾系统.应用高速摄影对自由喷雾和多片喷雾的喷雾过程进行了试验研究,使用Matlab软件对数字图片进行后处理,测取了投影喷雾贯穿距、喷雾锥角、喷雾面积等宏观喷雾特性参数.试验结果表明:与自由喷雾相比,在相同背压条件下,多片喷雾的投影贯穿距明显缩短,投影喷雾扩散角、投影喷雾面积增大;碰撞后油滴细化,雾化改善,油束液核区减小;多片喷雾具有扩散度高、液核区小、空间分布均匀等特点,有利于缸內均匀混合气的形成.     

薄层多孔层内池沸腾时回液特性

多孔介质可以强化相变传热,被广泛应用到电子器件散热中。热管依靠毛细芯孔隙内沸腾和凝结形成热质快速迁移的驱动,实现高密度和高效传热。薄层多孔层内沸腾时液体回流特性研究对提高热管传热效率、热流密度及寿命意义重大。通过不同多孔介质在不同液位下的池沸腾实验,获得了薄层多孔表面在较高热流密度下沸腾时的气泡特性和沸腾曲线,并结合毛细理论分析多孔表面的回液特性。实验结果表明,高热流密度下毛细回流占主导作用,较小的有效毛细半径和较大的渗透率有利于液体回流。     

Impingement of hollow cone spray on hot porous medium

To have a good understanding of the formation of homogenous mixture in a porous medium engine, the interaction between hollow cone spray and hot porous medium was studied numerically by using an improved version of KIVA-3V code. The improved KIVA-3V code is incorporated with an impingement model, heat transfer model and linearized instability sheet atomization (LISA) model to simulate the hollow cone spray. The reasonability of the impingement model and heat transfer model was validated. With a simple model to describe the structure of the porous medium, the interaction between hollow cone spray and hot porous medium was simulated under different ambient pressures and spray cone angles. Computational results show that the fuel spray could be divided into smaller ones, which provides conditions for the quick evaporation of fuel droplets and the mixing of fuel vapor with air. Differences in ambient pressure and spray cone angle affect the distribution of droplets in the porous medium. __________ Translated from Chinese Internal Combustion Engine Engineering, 2007, 28(4): 28-31 [译自: 内燃机工程]     

Numerical investigation of the effects of fuel spray type on the interaction of fuel spray and hot porous medium

The interaction between two types of fuel spray and a hot porous medium is studied numerically by using an improved version of KIVA-3V code. The improved KIVA-3V code is incorporated with an impingement model, a heat transfer model and a linearized instability sheet atomization (LISA) model to model the hollow cone spray. An evaporating fuel spray impingement on a hot plane surface was simulated under conditions of experiments performed by Senda to validate the reasonability of the KIVA-3V code. The numerical results conform well with experimental data for spray radius in the liquid and the vapor phases. Computational results on the interaction of two types of the fuel spray and the hot porous medium show that the fuel spray can be split, which provides conditions for quick evaporation of fuel droplets and mixing of fuel vapor with air. The possibility of fuel droplets from hollow cone spray crossing the porous medium reduces compared with that from solid cone spray, with the same initial kinetic energy of fuel droplets in both injection types. __________ Translated from Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2007, 28(2): 354–356 [译自: 工程热物理学报]     

Impingement of hollow cone spray on hot porous medium

To have a good understanding of the formation of homogenous mixture in a porous medium engine, the interaction between hollow cone spray and hot porous medium was studied numerically by using an improved version of KIVA-3V code. The improved KIVA-3V code is incorporated with an impingement model, heat transfer model and linearized instability sheet atomization (LISA) model to simulate the hollow cone spray. The reasonability of the impingement model and heat transfer model was validated. With a simple model to describe the structure of the porous medium, the interaction between hollow cone spray and hot porous medium was simulated under different ambient pressures and spray cone angles. Computational results show that the fuel spray could be divided into smaller ones, which provides conditions for the quick evaporation of fuel droplets and the mixing of fuel vapor with air. Differences in ambient pressure and spray cone angle affect the distribution of droplets in the porous medium.     

Numerical investigation of the effects of fuel spray type on the interaction of fuel spray and hot porous medium

The interaction between two types of fuel spray and a hot porous medium is studied numerically by using an improved version of KIVA-3V code. The improved KIVA-3V code is incorporated with an impingement model, a heat transfer model and a linearized instability sheet atomization (LISA) model to model the hollow cone spray. An evaporating fuel spray impingement on a hot plane surface was simulated under conditions of experiments performed by Senda to validate the reasonability of the KIVA-3V code. The numerical results conform well with experimental data for spray radius in the liquid and the vapor phases. Computational results on the interaction of two types of the fuel spray and the hot porous medium show that the fuel spray can be split, which provides conditions for quick evaporation of fuel droplets and mixing of fuel vapor with air. The possibility of fuel droplets from hollow cone spray crossing the porous medium reduces compared with that from solid cone spray, with the same initial kinetic energy of fuel droplets in both injection types.     

Heat transfer correlation for intermittent spray impingement: A dynamic approach

The work presented here investigates a new approach in the development of heat transfer empirical correlations for intermittent spray impingement, based on simultaneous measurements of the spray droplets characteristics and the surface thermal behavior. Conventionally, heat transfer correlations for spray impingement do not consider the temporal variations of droplets characteristics. However, in applications using intermittent sprays (internal combustion engines, cryogen spray cooling or microprocessor thermal management), the spray transient behavior suggests that heat transfer predictions may be improved using a dynamic approach. Additionally, the impact of multiple consecutive injections on a heated surface implies a certain degree of interaction, depending on the frequency of their intermittency. If the time between consecutive injections is shorten, the result is the formation of a liquid film which mitigates phase-change and privileges a single-phase heat transfer over a two-phase. This suggests that heat transfer correlations for spray impingement should take the spray unsteadiness and the multiple injections interaction degree into account. The dynamic approach here suggested presupposes the identification of systematic periods characterizing the spray dynamic behavior and, once identified, the development of a heat transfer correlation for each period. The analysis ends with a comparison between the dynamic heat transfer correlation with a correlation obtained using the conventional approach and a significant improvement in heat transfer predictions is achieved if the spray dynamic nature is considered.     

预测直喷式柴油机NO排放模型的研究(Ⅰ)直喷式柴油机的燃烧模型

本文介绍了一个有一定使用价值而又相对比较简单的准维柴油机燃烧模型.模型将喷入的燃油喷雾分成若干计算小区,并假定各小区之间不发生传质,各小区吸收喷雾外区域卷吸入的空气和接收喷入的燃油;除利用一系列经验公式计算喷雾的轨迹、空气的卷吸、燃油在喷雾中的径向分布和缸内气体与外界的热交换外,还应用了独立的反应动力模型.     

小型直喷式柴油机喷雾特性的试验研究

为了掌握喷雾的结构物特性,利用高速摄像装置和高压容器拍摄了喷雾的逆光图像,并研究了喷雾周围介质压力对喷雾贯穿距离、喷雾锥角以及蒸发等喷雾特性的影响。在液滴数密度较大的条件下,燃料液滴的蒸发速率传热过程和雾化质量的影响;喷射妆期喷雾的贯穿距离和贯穿速度几乎不受介质物影响;喷雾的贯穿跨离受喷油压力的影响不大,但随着喷油压力的提高,喷雾锥角增大,喷雾质量得到改善。     

泡沫陶瓷中燃油喷雾液滴蒸发混合的数值研究

将孔隙率0．85的泡沫陶瓷简化为由128个正方形格栅等间距排列构成的区域,在二维计算区域中,用反弹模型模拟液滴与泡沫陶瓷及边界壁面碰撞后液滴运动轨迹的变化．在不同的栅格壁面温度、喷雾锥角及燃料喷雾速度时,在常压及层流状态下,研究喷雾液滴在泡沫陶瓷中的蒸发特性．计算结果表明,泡沫陶瓷温度是决定燃油蒸发速率的关键因素;大喷雾锥角时,燃油蒸气分布较均匀;减小喷雾速度会使燃油蒸气分布不均匀．     

Mathematical modelling of moisture desorption in a porous medium

This paper discusses heat and mass transfer in desorption drying. A basic equation system is derived to describe coupled heat and mass transfer in a porous medium with moisture desorption under temperature gradients and a vacuum environment. The desorption mushy zone model is used to obtain an exact solution for coupled heat and mass transfer with a moving desorption mushy zone in a porous half-space. The results are analysed numerically to demonstrate the effects of various parameters on desorption.