甘油脱水酶基因(gldABC)与1,3-丙二醇氧化还原酶基因(dhaT)的共表达

将dhaT基因片段以顺反子的形式插入到重组质粒pMD19TS2中gldABC基因的下游,形成重组克隆质粒pMD19TS3,进而将gldABC与dhaT基因以多顺反子的形式亚克隆至pET-28a(+)表达载体上。终浓度为1mmol/L IPTG诱导重组大肠杆菌E.coli/pET-28a(+)/gldABC-dhaT 2h,SDS-PAGE电泳分析结果表明分别在甘油脱水酶三个亚基分子量相对应的61ku、21ku、16ku和1,3-丙二醇氧化还原酶亚基分子量相对应的42 ku的位置上出现了特异性条带。上清液中酶活性分别为甘油脱水酶23.7U/mL,1,3-丙二醇氧化还原酶30.4 U/mL。     

两步发酵法生产1，3-丙二醇的研究

通过几种不同原料制备的甘油对克雷伯杆菌厌氧发酵生产1,3-丙二醇的影响的比较实验,验证了两步发酵法生产1,3-丙二醇工艺路线的可行性。在甘油初始浓度相同(70g/L)的条件下,以葡萄糖为原料进行发酵得到的甘油转化为1,3-丙二醇的效果较好,发酵15 h,甘油转化为1,3-丙二醇的摩尔转化率为45．1%；皂化甘油生产1,3-丙二醇的发酵时间为18h,摩尔转化率为44．2%；而以玉米淀粉水解液发酵的甘油转化为1,3-丙二醇需要31 h,摩尔转化率仅为26．5%。     

Klebsiella pneumoniae在不同发酵罐中发酵甘油制1,3-丙二醇的控制条件研究

对克雷伯氏肺炎杆菌间歇发酵甘油产生1,3-丙二醇的发酵条件进行了优化,确定了50L搅拌式发酵罐和15L气升式发酵罐发酵的最佳发酵条件,得到的1,3-丙二醇的浓度、生产率和甘油摩尔转化率分别是80.97g/L、1.69 g/(h·L)、0.57 mol/mol和74.81 g/L、1.56 g/(h·L)、0.50 mol/mol;对比了不同类型发酵罐的发酵结果,表明50 L搅拌式发酵罐发酵结果优于15L气升式发酵罐,前者相对于后者来说,1,3-丙二醇的浓度和甘油摩尔转化率分别提高了8.23%和14.91%;确定了最适底物浓度(以初始甘油浓度计)在25 g/L左右。     

1,3-丙二醇氧化还原酶同功酶基因yqhD在肺炎克雷伯氏菌中的表达研究

以大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)基因组为模板,PCR扩增出1,3-丙二醇氧化还原酶同功酶基因yqhD,经测序确认,将yqhD基因与四环素抗性基因TetR同时插入表达载体pUC18构建重组质粒pUC18-yqhD-TetR,重组质粒转化Klebsiella pneumoniae ME308;37℃,经1.0mmol/LIPTG诱导8h,重组肺炎克雷伯氏菌中1,3-丙二醇氧化还原酶同功酶的酶活力达到4.16U/mg,而对照菌株的酶活仅为0.62U/mg;将重组菌在摇瓶中进行微氧发酵培养,经IPTG诱导,可将60g/L甘油转化为33.8g/L1,3-丙二醇。     

食用香料柠檬醛缩1,2-丙二醇的新法合成

以柠檬醛和1,2-丙二醇为原料,甲基磺酸铜为催化剂,合成了柠檬醛缩1,2-丙二醇。考察了影响收率的因素。其最优条件为:柠檬醛∶1,2-丙二醇:催化剂∶带水剂为1mol:1.4mol∶24mmol∶100mL,反应在回流温度下进行,反应时间2.0h。收率可达88.6%。     

克雷伯杆菌利用生物柴油副产物甘油生产氢气和1,3-丙二醇的研究

以Klebsiella pneumoniaeDSM2026为出发菌株,通过紫外线诱变,选育得到能耐较高浓度生物柴油副产物甘油生产H2和1,3-丙二醇(1,3-PD)的菌株21株,命名为Kp1~Kp21。通过比较,Kp8菌株产量最高,1,3-PD和H2产量分别达到0.36 g/50 mL和0.99 mmol/50 mL,比出发菌株分别提高了3.5倍和4.2倍。对Kp8菌株发酵条件进行优化,得到最佳培养条件为pH 7.0,培养温度37℃,接种量10%(v/v),废甘油浓度为30 g/L。在该条件下H2产量为1.0 mmoL/50 mL,1,3-PD产量为7.5 g/L,甘油转化率为83.3%。     

发酵后期补加2种氮源对克雷伯氏菌合成1,3-丙二醇的影响

为探寻解决重要平台化合物1,3-丙二醇发酵后期菌体生长和1,3-丙二醇合成受限的方法,通过从菌体量、产物和关键酶活性及基因转录水平等方面,较全面地考察了发酵后期补加酵母膏和硫酸铵对克雷伯氏菌(Klebsiella pneumoniae)合成1,3-丙二醇的影响,结果为:添加两种氮源均有利于菌体生长;补加10 g/L酵母膏和硫酸铵,1,3-丙二醇产量由58.6 g/L分别提高到70.6 g/L和77.2 g/L;相对于酵母膏,硫酸铵对关键酶活性的增强更为明显,并使甘油脱氢酶(glycerol dehydrogenase,Dha D)在发酵后期始终维持较高水平,促进细胞生长和产物合成。此外,与补加酵母膏相比,补加硫酸铵后关键酶基因转录水平上调并不显著。表明硫酸铵主要通过直接激活关键酶活性促进细胞生长和产物合成。综上所述,发酵后期补加硫酸铵更利于1,3-丙二醇的生物合成,是提高发酵合成1,3-丙二醇水平的有效方式之一。     

固定化重组大肠杆菌产1,3-丙二醇发酵条件的研究

利用海藻酸钙将重组大肠杆菌JM109(pHsh-dhaB-dhaG-dhaF-yqhD)固定化,并对影响重组菌固定化细胞发酵的营养因子进行研究。实验结果表明,该重组菌固定化细胞发酵的适宜培养基组成为:甘油80 g/L、酵母膏5.0 g/L、VB120.05 g/L以及KH2PO47.5 g/L;在此培养条件下,1,3-丙二醇产量、转化率及生产能力分别可达61.5 g/L、76.8%和2.57 g(L.h),与游离细胞相比,重组菌固定化细胞对底物甘油和产物1,3-丙二醇的耐受力明显提高,且1,3-丙二醇产量明显提高。     

生物催化合成1,3-丙二醇工艺的研究

以甘油为底物,利用克雷伯氏菌发酵生产1,3-丙二醇的实验中,考察了初始甘油浓度、温度、pH、通气策略等发酵条件对1,3-PDO产量的影响。实验结果表明：积累1,3-PDO的适合条件为：甘油的初始浓度为40g/L、发酵温度37℃、pH7.0、0.5V/V·min的通气量,发酵30h,反应液中PDO的产量可达57.63g/L。     

用克雷伯氏菌批式流加发酵法生产1,3-丙二醇

通过对克雷伯氏菌在 7L发酵罐中厌氧间歇发酵甘油生产 1,3 丙二醇的实验研究 ,建立了一种与 pH调节相偶联的批式流加甘油发酵策略。考察了不同甘油维持浓度条件下的流加方式及不同培养方式对 1,3 丙二醇产率的影响。结果表明 ,甘油质量分数维持在 2 %的流加方式有利于 1,3 丙二醇的发酵生产 ,其在 30 5h内消耗甘油 2 80 g ,得到 1,3 丙二醇152 6 g ,摩尔转化率 6 5 5% ,生产强度 0 91g/L·h     

Glycerol metabolism and bitterness producing lactic acid bacteria in cidermaking

Several lactic acid bacteria were isolated from bitter tasting ciders in which glycerol was partially removed. The degradation of glycerol via glycerol dehydratase pathway was found in 22 out of 67 isolates. The confirmation of glycerol degradation by this pathway was twofold: showing their glycerol dehydratase activity and detecting the presence of the corresponding gene by a PCR method. 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PDL) and 3-hydroxypropionic acid (3-HP) were the metabolic end-products of glycerol utilization, and the accumulation of the acrolein precursor 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde (3-HPA) was also detected in most of them. The strain identification by PCR-DGGE rpoB showed that Lactobacillus collinoides was the predominant species and only 2 belonged to Lactobacillus diolivorans. Environmental conditions conducting to 3-HPA accumulation in cidermaking were studied by varying the fructose concentration, pH and incubation temperature in L. collinoides 17. This strain failed to grow with glycerol as sole carbon source and the addition of fructose enhanced both growth and glycerol degradation. Regarding end-products of glycerol metabolism, 1,3-PDL was always the main end-product in all environmental conditions assayed, the only exception being the culture with 5.55 mM fructose, where equimolar amounts of 1,3-PDL and 3-HP were found. The 3-HPA was transitorily accumulated in the culture medium under almost all culture conditions, the degradation rate being notably slower at 15 degrees C. However, no disappearance of 3-HPA was found at pH 3.6, a usual value in cider making. After sugar exhaustion, L. collinoides 17 oxidated lactic acid and/or mannitol to obtain energy and these oxidations were accompanied by the removal of the toxic 3-HPA increasing the 1,3-PDL, 3-HP and acetic acid contents.     

克雷伯氏菌发酵条件的响应面设计

以中心组合设计为基础利用响应面法,对克雷伯氏菌利用甘油生产1,3-丙二醇(1,3-PD)的培养条件进行优化,建立了以甘油、硫酸铵、pH值、发酵时间、和发酵温度对1,3-PD发酵生产的单个因素和交互影响的数学模型,得到发酵生产1,3-PD的最佳条件为:甘油49.9g/L;硫酸铵5.28g/L;pH值为7.19;培养时间84h;温度36.1℃。在此条件下,模型预测1,3-PD最大产量为19.03g/L。并在此条件下进行实际实验,1,3-PD的产量为18.33g/L,与模型预测接近。     

琥珀酸对产酸克雷伯氏菌好氧发酵甘油产1，3-丙二醇的影响

好氧条件下,通过产酸克雷伯氏菌发酵甘油产1,3-丙二醇的摇瓶实验中发现,添加副产物琥珀酸对菌体生长和1,3-丙二醇合成有促进作用,在5L自动发酵罐上做批式发酵,也得到相似的结果。为探讨其原因,进行了类似的摇瓶实验,分别添加副产物乳酸和乙酸,菌体生长和1,3-丙二醇合成均受到抑制,添加琥珀酸、柠檬酸和苹果酸,对菌体生长和1,3-丙二醇合成均有促进作用。上述结果初步表明,琥珀酸强化了三羧酸循环产生更多的能量,促进了甘油脱水酶的复活,引起1,3-丙二醇产量的增加。     

Isolation process of industrially useful Clostridium bifermentans from natural samples

A selective isolation procedure of clostridial strains from natural samples able to convert glycerol to 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PD) and organic acids was investigated. The modified PY medium of high concentration of NaHCO(3) was shown to be highly selective for Clostridium bifermentans. Obtained isolates produced mainly 1,3-PD, lactic, acetic, and formic acids from glycerol.     

高效降解褐藻胶新菌种的筛选、鉴定及产酶条件优化

以褐藻酸钠为唯一碳源,从腐烂的海带中筛选出1株高效降解褐藻胶的菌株,根据其形态学特征、生理生化特性和16S rDNA序列分析鉴定该菌株属于白蚁菌属(Isoptericola),命名为嗜盐白蚁菌WX(Isoptericolahalotolerans WX)。菌株WX的最佳培养基组成为:褐藻酸钠6 g/L、蛋白胨5 g/L、酵母粉2.5 g/L、NaCl 25 g/L、MgSO4 2 mmol/L、CaCl2 0.5 mmol/L、KH2PO4 1 mmol/L、FeSO4 0.2 mmol/L、MnSO4 0.3 mmol/L;摇瓶最佳培养条件为:250 mL三角瓶装瓶量50 mL,pH 8.0,培养温度25℃,摇床转速180 r/min,培养时间44 h。2 mmol/LMg2+和0.2 mmol/L Fe2+对酶活力有明显的促进作用。在优化后的培养条件下,褐藻胶裂解酶活力达到432 U/mL,较优化前提高了13倍。此外,嗜盐白蚁菌WX同时具有淀粉酶和褐藻胶裂解酶活性,具有广泛的应用前景。     

Production of glycerol from glucose by coexpressing glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and glycerol-3-phosphatase in Klebsiella pneumoniae

As a valuable chemical, 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PD) could be biosynthesized by glycerol fermentation. However, no natural microorganisms that could directly convert glucose into 1,3-PD have been found so far. In this work, genes coding for two enzymes, glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD, EC 1.1.1.8) and glycerol-3-phosphatase (GPP, EC 3.1.3.21), which were responsible for glycerol production, were organized into the plasmid pUC18K under control of the respective lac promoters. Two recombinant proteins were expressed successfully in wild-type Klebsiella pneumoniae. A glycerol concentration of 6.8 g l(-1) was obtained in flask culture. When glucose was exhausted, dihydroxyacetone was added and medium pH was adjusted to 7.0, and then a 1,3-PD concentration of 0.58 g l(-1) was achieved with engineered K. pneumoniae from glucose.