从拉伸应力-应变曲线分析06Ni9钢强韧性配合

06Ni9钢是适合于制作液化天然气储罐的低温钢，要求具有优良的强韧性配合。作者选择了4组06Ni9钢典型的拉伸应力-应变曲线，分析了曲线类型与其强韧性之间的关系。研究表明如果成分一定，拉伸曲线上有明显的屈服点和屈服平台，那么其强韧性配合良好，能够满足性能指标要求。同时认为屈服强度取决于回火后偏聚于刃型位错周围的碳原子浓度，而低温冲击韧度则取决于回转奥氏体及其中所含合金元素的数量和浓度。     

液化天然气储罐用超低温9Ni钢的研究与应用

 9Ni钢是我国目前为缓解能源压力,建设液化天然气储罐所必须国产化的重要基础原材料。在本文中,作者较为详细地论述了9Ni钢的成分、组织结构与性能之间的关系,深入分析了该钢低温韧化机制,认为除了回转奥氏体之外可能还有其他重要的控制因素,诸如奥氏体∕铁素体界面结构﹑杂质元素含量等。提出应通过细化晶粒、提高钢的纯净度、添加合金元素等手段来改善9Ni钢的低温韧度,提高屈服强度,实现节约成本的目的。     

回火对00Cr15Ni6Mo2高强马氏体不锈钢组织和性能的影响

研究了一种高强马氏体不锈钢00Cr15Ni6Mo2在回火过程中的逆变奥氏体的体积分数变化及其对力学性能的影响.结果表明,在550 ～750℃之间回火,当回火温度达到670℃时,逆变奥氏体的体积分数达到峰值39％,该钢在670℃回火时的HV硬度为280,夏比V缺口冲击吸收能为187.5 J,也分别达到峰值.沿马氏体板条析出的逆变奥氏体,对提高该钢回火条件下低温冲击韧性具有重要作用.     

热处理工艺对9Ni钢板低温韧性影响规律的研究

研究了不同热处理工艺对9Ni钢板低温韧性的影响。结果显示:采用QLT热处理工艺时,首次淬火温度对最终性能的影响较小,回火温度对钢板的强韧性影响最大。两相区淬火显著提高钢板低温韧性主要有3个原因:在两相区温度内钢板未完全奥氏体化,组织中含有软相铁素体;两次淬火可以细化晶粒;回转奥氏体提高韧性。9Ni钢板的低温冲击韧性得以提高是多个因素共同作用的结果。     

热处理工艺对3.5Ni钢组织和性能的影响

通过拉伸和冲击试验以及OM和SEM的组织观察,研究了不同热处理工艺对3.5Ni低温钢显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:3.5Ni钢正火(Normalizing)态及正火+回火(Normalizing+tempering)态的组织均为铁素体基体加珠光体。冲击韧性随正火温度的升高先增加后降低,正火温度为860℃时,低温韧性最佳;回火后3.5Ni钢塑性和低温韧性明显提高。随着回火温度的升高,带状组织减弱,冲击功增加,当回火温度达到两相区的650℃时,冲击功降低,最佳的回火温度为590~630℃。     

5NiCrMo低温钢调质热处理工艺研究

研究了5NiCrMo低温钢的调质热处理工艺,分析了回火温度对该钢组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:试验钢经调质热处理后,形成了回火马氏体和逆转变奥氏体的混合组织。560~640℃回火时,随温度提高,屈服强度呈降低趋势,-100℃冲击功先升高、在620℃回火时达到峰值后降低。深冷后保留的逆转变奥氏体显著影响试验钢的低温韧性。拉伸和冲击性能均满足要求的回火温度是580~620℃。     

液化天然气储罐用超低温9Ni钢的研究及应用

9Ni钢是目前国内为缓解能源压力,建设液化天然气储罐所必须国产化的重要基础原材料.论述了9Ni钢的成分、组织结构与性能的关系.深入分析了9Ni钢的低温韧化机制,认为除了回转奥氏体外可能还有其它重要控制冈素,诸如奥氏体/铁索体界面结构、杂质元素含量等.提出应通过细化晶粒、提高钢的纯净度、添加合金元素等手段来改善9Ni钢的低温韧性,提高屈服强度,实现节约成本的目的.     

06Ni9钢热处理工艺对组织性能的影响

因06Ni9（w（Ni）为9％）钢在不同的热处理条件下性能变化较大,则研究了二次淬火时06Ni9的微观组织结构,分析了组织演变规律及其对性能的影响。研究结果表明06Ni9钢二次淬火加回火后冲击韧性稳定提高,是由于残余奥氏体和组织结构稳定导致的双重效果。     

两相区热处理工艺对9NiCrMo钢强韧性的影响

 研究了淬火＋回火（QT）和淬火＋两相区淬火＋回火（QLT）2种热处理工艺对9NiCrMo钢力学性能的影响,分别采用OM和SEM观察了微观组织结构,利用X射线衍射和透射电镜研究了不同热处理后逆转变奥氏体的含量及其分布,进而分析了该工艺对9NiCrMo钢力学性能的影响规律及其机理。结果表明：两相区热处理能够在保证强度级别的同时,有效改善9NiCrMo钢的低温韧性,生成的双相组织及改变了逆转变奥氏体的分布状态是其提高钢低温韧性的主要原因。     

三种不同含Ni量的35SiMnCrNiMoV钢的力学性能研究

加入1、3、5％Ni对35SiMnCrNiMoV钢的强度和塑性无影响。300℃回火的等强度情况下,梅氏冲击值随Ni含量的增加而提高,K_(IC)和夏比V型缺口冲击韧性基本不受Ni含量(1、3、5％)的影响,这种韧性行为的差异是与试样缺口根部半径效应及内部组织结构有关。回火曲线表明400～500℃为回火脆性区。5％Ni钢的低温韧性优于1～3％Ni钢。并且可获得较高的K_(ISCC),可能与其残余奥氏体量多有关。     

Banded Microstructure Formation and Its Effect on the Performance of 06Ni9 Steel

Focusing on the banded microstructure formed during the production of 06Ni9 steels for cryo-LNG,this paper examines its formation,distribution of alloying elements,structure,hardness,and low-temperature property.The results show that the banded microstructure formed after hot-rolling and cooling of the steel binct in which the element segregation occurred during solidification.The phase change during heat treatment also can cause the formation of the banded microstructure of 06Ni9 steel.The white bands are mainly composed of ferrite and reversed austenite,and the black bands are mainly composed of reversed austenite and a certain amount of ferrite.Element segregation and formation of more carbide caused some black regions to appear.Grain refinement of 06Ni9steel is beneficial to the formation of reversed austenite,the redistribution of alloying elements,improving the stability of austenite and the low-temperature toughness of steel.This steel easily undergoes nickel segregation;thus,undergoing a secondary quenching and tempering process is recommended.The refinement of martensite quenching above A c3,the martensite that is rich in nickel and carbon,residual austenite and a few little of ferrite after secondary quenching lower than A c3 are beneficial to the formation of high stability austenite.Thus,this can meet the strength and toughness requirement of the low temperature 06Ni9 steel.     

钛含量对0Cr13Co8Ni5Mo马氏体时效不锈钢冲击韧性的影响

 通过具有不同Ti含量的三炉试验钢,研究了Ti含量对0Cr13Co9Ni5Mo 马氏体时效不锈钢的力学性能、金相组织和奥氏体含量的影响。研究结果表明：添加较多的Ti可显著降低基体组织中的有效C、N含量,大幅降低固溶、时效处理后残余/逆转变奥氏体含量,最终使冷脆转化温度显著上升,在提高强度的同时降低了钢的韧性。     

The influence of precipitated austenite on hydrogen embrittlement in 5.5Ni steel

This work was undertaken to test the influence of precipitated austenite on transgranular hydrogen embrittlement in 5.5Ni steel. Prior work has shown that the mechanism of transgranular hydrogen embrittlement in this steel is interlath separation. Since the austenite that forms during the tempering of 5.5Ni steel precipitates on the martenite lath boundaries, it was hypothesized that the austenite might have a beneficial effect. The experimental results show, however, that the precipitated austenite decreases the toughness in the presence of hydrogen. The apparent mechanism is straightforward. The precipitated austenite transforms to martensite in the strain field ahead of the crack tip. Interlath cracks appear at the periphery of the fresh martensite particles. They are apparently caused by the volume change that accompanies the martensite transformation, which imposes a tension across the lath boundary. The interlath cracks link together to form the macroscopic fracture.     

The effect of heat treatment on microstructure and cryogenic fracture properties in 5Ni and 9Ni steel

Heat treatments were utilized in 5Ni and 9Ni steel which resulted in the development of tempered microstructures which contained either no measurable retained austenite (<0.5 pct) or approximately 4 to 5 pct retained austenite as determined by X-ray diffraction. Microstructural observations coupled with the results of tensile testing indicated that the formation of retained austenite correlated with a decrease in carbon content of the matrix. Relative values ofK _IC at 77 K were estimated from slow bend precracked Charpy data using both the COD and equivalent energy measurements. In addition, Charpy impact properties at 77 K were determined. In the 9Ni alloy, optimum fracture toughness was achieved in specimens which contained retained austenite. This was attributed to changes in yield and work hardening behavior which accompanied the microstructural changes. In the 5Ni alloy, fracture toughness equivalent to that observed in the 9Ni alloy was developed in grain refined and tempered microstructures containing <0.5 pct retained austenite. A decrease in fracture toughness was observed in grain refined 5Ni specimens containing 3.8 pct retained austenite due to the premature onset of unstable cracking. This was attributed to the transformation of retained austenite to brittle martensite during deformation. It was concluded that the formation of thermally stable retained austenite is beneficial to the fracture toughness of Ni steels at 77 K as a result of austenite gettering carbon from the matrix during tempering. However, it was also concluded that the mechanical stability of the retained austenite is critical in achieving a favorable enhancement of cryogenic fracture toughness properties. Formerly with Union Carbide Corporation, Tarrytown, NY     

Mechanical stability of retained austenite in tempered 9Ni steel

The behavior of the thermally stable austenite in the ductile fracture surface layer of a grain-refined and tempered 9Ni steel broken at 77 K was studied through use of Möss-bauer spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Thin foils revealing the mi-crostructural profile of the fracture surface layer were prepared by electroplating a thick pure iron layer on the fresh fracture surface, then thinning a profile sample through a combination of conventional twin-jet electropolishing and ion milling techniques. The re-sults of both Mössbauer spectroscopy and TEM studies showed that the thermally stable austenite transforms to a dislocated martensite in the deformed zone adjacent to the duc-tile fracture surface. This result suggests that transformation of the retained austenite present in tempered 9Ni steel is compatible with low temperature toughness, at least when the transformation product is a ductile martensite.     

钙处理对稀土在大线能量焊接HAZ中作用的影响

 为了探明钙处理对稀土改善C-Mn钢焊接HAZ韧性作用的影响,利用Gleeble模拟了热输入为339 kJ/cm的焊接热循环过程,对比研究了稀土处理钢和Ca-稀土处理钢焊接HAZ中夹杂物、显微组织和低温冲击韧性差异,分析了钙对稀土在HAZ中作用的影响规律,发现钙处理能促进稀土改善HAZ低温冲击韧性。钙能使稀土处理钢HAZ中的夹杂物从稀土氧化物复合夹杂转变为稀土-Ca的复合夹杂,平均尺寸从1.5增大到2.2 μm,长宽比从1.5减小到1.4,夹杂物总量降低。虽然钙对稀土处理钢HAZ中晶内针状铁素体的含量影响不大,但钙能增强稀土对HAZ原奥氏体晶粒粗化的抑制作用,Ca-稀土处理钢HAZ原奥氏体晶粒尺寸比稀土处理钢小。热输入为339 kJ/cm时,钙处理能使稀土处理钢HAZ低温冲击韧性明显提高。     

Effect of thermal cycling on the mechanical properties of 350-grade maraging steel

The effects of retained austenite produced by thermal cycling on the mechanical properties of a precipitation-hardened 350-grade commercial maraging steel were examined. The presence of retained austenite caused decreases in the yield strength (YS) and ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and effected a significant increase in the tensile ductility. Increased impact toughness was also produced by this treatment. The mechanical stability of retained austenite was evaluated by tension and impact tests at subambient temperatures. A deformation-induced transformation of the austenite was manifested as load drops on the load-elongation plots at subzero temperatures. This transformation imparts excellent low-temperature ductility to the material. A wide range of strength, ductility, and toughness can be obtained by subjecting the steel to thermal cycling before the precipitation-hardening treatment.     

稀土对中碳铬钼钢组织及低温韧性的影响

测定了稀土对中碳铬钼钢的横向低温冲击的影响,通过观察不同稀土含量的钢的夹杂物形貌及奥氏体晶界,研究了稀土对中碳铬钼钢夹杂物形成的影响。研究发现：中碳铬钼钢加入少量稀土通过夹杂物变形、奥氏体晶粒细化,能够提高横向冲击韧性。     

新型CrMnNiN奥氏体不锈钢的抗空穴腐蚀及磨损性能

对新型CrMnNiN不锈钢JA2（0．23C－13Mn-17Cr-1.90Ni-1.5Mo-1Si-0.33N)的抗空穴腐蚀及磨损性能进行了测试，结果表明，这种奥氏体高锰不锈钢具有高的加工硬化率和好的韧性，比目前水轮机转轮及叶片常用的0Cr13Ni5Mo有更高的抗空穴腐蚀性能及耐泥沙磨损性能。