双重淬火对EX1和8418模具钢组织和力学性能的影响

采用Thermo-calc软件对EX1模具钢和8418模具钢的相图进行模拟计算,根据相图辅助制定双重淬火工艺,并对EX1钢和8418钢进行热处理,利用光学显微镜及SEM对经过不同步骤热处理后的两种钢的组织及断口进行观察,并对两种钢的力学性能进行测试。结果表明,经过高温淬火处理后,两种钢的微观组织均为细小的板条状马氏体,回火处理后,转变为回火索氏体,经过二次淬火后,微观组织为粗大的板条状马氏体。经过热处理后的EX1模具钢硬度为433.2 HV50,略低于8418模具钢的472.0 HV50,但EX1模具钢的冲击性能和拉伸性能优于8418模具钢。     

热处理工艺对熔模铸造模具钢组织与性能的影响

以熔模铸造模具钢为研究对象,研究了热处理工艺对其组织与力学性能的影响。结果表明,模具钢适宜的热处理制度为800℃预热+1 020℃淬火+480℃回火,热处理后钢的微观组织为回火马氏体、网络状共晶化合物、残余奥氏体和颗粒状碳化物。     

SKT4模具钢的锻后热处理工艺

SKT4模具钢锻后经常规退火+扩氢退火热处理后,其组织为粗大珠光体+块状铁素体,组织偏析严重,热处理效率低,最终的热处理效果差。试验证明,SKT4模具钢的优化热处理工艺为正火+回火。经优化工艺处理后,该钢的组织为珠光体+细小铁素体,组织明显细化。优化后工艺缩短了工艺周期,提高了热处理效率,达到了既能改善组织又避免氢脆的目的。     

热处理工艺对Cr5Mo1V模具钢组织和性能的影响

研究了不同热处理工艺下Cr5Mo1V冷作模具钢的显微组织和力学性能。结果表明:Cr5Mo1V冷作模具钢经860℃×2 h+740℃×5 h退火后,组织为粒状珠光体+块状、粒状碳化物,碳化物主要是富含Cr、Mo、V等元素的M7C3碳化物,退火后硬度为23 HRC,再经520℃×2 h回火处理后组织为回火马氏体、碳化物和残余奥氏体,回火后出现二次硬化现象,硬度达到最大值62 HRC,抗拉强度达到1035 MPa,但伸长率仅为2.3%,塑性较差,这与材料成分、组织不均匀性有关,需要通过改善成分偏析及组织的均匀性,并结合合理的热处理工艺进一步改善材料性能。     

热处理工艺对TQ1热作模具钢的组织及力学性能的影响

研究了不同热处理工艺对TQ1热作模具钢的组织及性能的影响,并与国产H13钢进行了对比。结果表明,经1020℃淬火,TQ1钢硬度能达到56.8 HRC,晶粒度可达8级;在500℃回火3次后,具有明显的二次硬化效应,回火硬度达到52.5 HRC;TQ1热作模具钢的最佳热处理工艺(1020℃淬火+500℃回火3次)能使其具有较高的硬度和比H13钢更细小均匀的显微组织。     

低碳模具钢的轧制与热处理工艺

以低碳低合金模具钢为研究对象,研究了轧制工艺和调质热处理工艺参数对模具用钢组织与力学性能的影响。结果表明,经过水冷和两段式轧制后模具用钢可以获得较好的综合力学性能;对轧制后冷却速度过快和过慢的模具钢进行调质热处理,模具钢的性能得到改善,满足了性能的要求。     

热处理工艺对4Cr5W2VSi热作模具钢表面渗氮层的影响

为了提高4Cr5W2VSi热作模具钢表面硬度、改善其耐磨性及组织稳定性,在渗氮工艺的基础上,研究了前期热处理工艺对4Cr5W2VSi热作模具钢的表面渗氮层组织和力学性能的影响。经对该模具钢进行4种不同的热处理后得到的渗氮层组织、强度和硬度对比分析,获得了4Cr5W2VSi热作模具钢适宜的渗氮热处理工艺。     

模具钢的热处理

按总吨位计算,模具钢在钢材总产量中只占很小的百分率,但模具钢热处理还存在许多问题。热处理费用一般不足模具总费用的四分之一,而不良的热处理可能引起生产中断。传统模具钢的热处理要求与粉末冶金(PM)模具钢不同。传统模具钢通常以退火状态交货,因此材料容易加工,且显微组织适合于淬火。显微组织由软基体和嵌入的碳化物组成。碳钢中的碳化物为碳化铁,而合金钢中则为铬、钨、铝或     

H13热作模具钢的工艺设计与组织性能研究

对H13热作模具钢进行了锻后退火、缓冷退火、等温退火和固溶预热处理,并对比分析了不同预热处理对淬回火后H13模具钢显微组织、硬度和冲击性能的影响。结果表明,采用固溶+退火相结合的方法可以细化H13模具钢的显微组织,使得碳化物分布更加均匀且尺寸更加细小;预热处理+淬回火态H13模具钢的金相组织为回火马氏体+碳化物;固溶+缓冷退火态H13模具钢的布氏硬度和洛氏硬度最高,而等温退火态H13模具钢的布氏硬度最低;经过固溶+缓冷退火+淬回火工艺处理的H13模具钢具有最高的横向和纵向0℃冲击功,可作为最佳热处理工艺。     

热处理工艺对3Cr2W8V模具钢显微组织和性能的影响

研究了热处理工艺对3Cr2W8V模具钢显微组织和性能的影响。结果表明,正火+球化退火的3Cr2W8V模具钢组织为球状珠光体,1050℃淬火的模具钢组织为1级隐针马氏体,640℃回火的碳化物分布均匀,硬度较高,断裂韧性高。     

Electrical conductivity of 1 : 1 and 2 : 1 clay minerals

The A.C. impedance plots were used as tools to analyze the electrical response of two varieties of Tunisian halloysite 1: 1 and illitic samples 2: 1 as a function of frequency at different temperatures (80–800°C). The real and imaginary parts of the complex impedance trace semicircles in the complex plane. Except for the illite, It-1, the second sample analyzed in this study, these plots give evidence for the presence of both bulk and grain boundary effect, above 600°C onwards. The bulk resistance of the materials decreases with the rise in temperature. Impedance Spectroscopy data reveal a non-Debye type of dielectric relaxation. The Nyquist plots show the negative temperature coefficient of resistance of both pure Tunisian illite and halloysite samples. The results of bulk electrical conductivity and its activation energy are presented for the two mineral clay samples. For illite It-1, the activation energy values estimated from the AC conductivity pattern and modulus pattern are very similar and suggest a possibility of a long-range mobility of charge carriers (ions) via hopping mechanism of electrical transport processes at higher temperature. On the other hand, for the halloysite sample provided from kasserine, (Ha-Kass), the modulus analysis admit that the electrical transport processes of the material are very likely of electronic nature. Relaxation frequencies follow an Arrhenius behavior with the activation energy values not comparable to those found for the electrical conductivity.     

20Cr1Mo1V1钢的分级时效工艺研究

研究了 2 0Cr1Mo1V1钢的强韧化工艺。所优化出的分级时效工艺能使其强度和韧性达到质保书的要求。     

Stabilization of extended stacking faults by {1 1 1}/{1 1 2} twin junction interactions

Extended stacking faults, with lengths of up to 10 nm, that join {1 1 1}/{1 1 2} twin-boundary junctions were observed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) in gold thin films. Circuit analysis shows that these defects possess a Burgers vector of 1/3〈1 1 1〉. In order to explain the generation of these extended defects, we consider the behavior of 1/3〈1 1 1〉 dislocations at {1 1 1}- and {1 1 2}-type twin boundaries and near {1 1 1}/{1 1 2} twin-boundary junctions using HRTEM observations and theoretical modeling. By establishing the interaction forces that lead to this defect configuration, our analysis shows that the relief of intrinsic strain at the junction corners, which results from the incompatibility of the translation states at the intersecting boundaries, is sufficient to stabilize the stacking fault extension. Because grain–boundary junctions possess intrinsic strain fields whenever they join boundaries with incompatible translation states, similar mechanisms for stacking fault emission may arise between other closely spaced grain–boundary junctions.     

A contribution to the crystallochemistry of ternary 1:1:1 and 1:1:2 rare earth intermetallic phases with Pb and Pd

The ternary alloys of the rare earths with lead and palladium were studied for the stoichiometric ratios 1:1:1 and 1:1:2 with respect to the structure of these alloys and their existence field. RPbPd (R = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Y, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb) compounds have a hexagonal structure, hP9 Fe₂P type, while RPbPd₂ (R = Pr, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb) alloys have the cubic AlCu₂Mn-type structure (cF16, BiF₃ superstructure).     

Variability in Co2 Oxidation Resistance of 2 1/4 Cr 1 Mo and 1 Cr 1/2 Mo Steels

Abstract

Oxidation tests in CO₂ atmospheres on nominally identical casts of low alloy steels have revealed wide variation in oxidation resistance. A study has been made of the influence of chemical composition, mechanical and thermal treatment, and remelting on the CO₂ oxidation behaviour of steels of the 21/4 Cr 1 Mo and 1 Cr 1/2 Mo type.

Statistical analyses of CO₂ oxidation results have shown a strong positive correlation of oxidation rate with sulphur content in certain instances, but a number of anomalies have been found. A similar relationship has been obtained between ‘MnS’ content and oxidation rate by area count studies of the inclusions in a range of 2 1/4 Cr 1 Mo steels. These have also indicated a possible effect of ‘MnS’ particle size and particle size distribution which could account for some of the anomalous results obtained in the statistical work. Conventional solid state heat treatments appear to have no significant effect on the oxidation behaviour of 2 1/2 Cr 1 Mo and while remelting in argon did not generally improve oxidation behaviour, remelting in vacuo followed by forging and rolling resulted in a material of high oxidation resistance.     

有机阴离子转运多肽1B1的遗传药理学进展

人体存在多种类型的药物转运体,对于药物的吸收、分布和排泄起重要作用。参与药物跨膜转运的转运体功能受影响,将可能导致诸多临床药物的疗效、毒副作用甚至药物相互作用的发生。在各种影响因素中,遗传多态性所起的作用最为重要,可导致基因表达和蛋白功能发生改变。目前,阐明转运体基因的多态性以及基因型与表型之间的相互关系已成为应用遗传信息指导临床个体化用药的必要步骤。本文就肝脏有机阴离子转运多肽1B1(OATP1B1[OATP-C],编码基因SLCO1B1)基因多态性对药代动力学和药效动力学的影响及其临床意义等方面的进展作一综述。     

1Cr12Ni2W1Mo1V钢等离子淬火后的疲劳行为

采用模拟点蚀坑试样,研究了等离子淬火不同温度回火1Cr12Ni2W1Mo1V钢疲劳裂纹萌生和扩展行为.结果表明,由于等离子淬火的晶粒细化作用和在试样表面引入的残余压应力,提高了末级叶片用钢裂纹萌生抗力.比较两种回火温度试样试验结果,250 ℃回火试样裂纹萌生和扩展抗力均优于540 ℃回火试样.本研究结果为选择合适的热处理工艺提供了理论依据.