清溪水电站大坝坝体混凝土质量控制措施研究

水电站工程施工质量的生命就是碾压混凝土大坝施工,只有控制好施工质量,才能够保证工程效益的有效发挥。清溪水电站位于贵州省绥阳县青杠塘镇境内,是芙蓉江左岸一级支流清溪河干流梯级规划的第三级电站,清溪水电站大坝为碾压混凝土二次曲线拱坝,坝顶高程620.00 m,建基面高程539.50 m,拱冠梁处坝顶宽5 m,坝底厚16.30 m,就清溪水电站大坝来看,坝体混凝土质量控制对整体工程来说尤为重要。文章主要结合清溪水电站工程实例,阐述了碾压混凝土二次曲线拱坝混凝土施工质量控制。     

某高拱坝补强加固设计与施工

正一、工程概况我国某高拱坝为碾压混凝土双曲拱坝,坝顶高程653m,坝底高程555m,最大坝高95m,坝顶宽度5m,拱冠梁底宽22m,坝顶中心线弧长299.56m。大坝共设置了4条横缝,采用通缝布置,分缝间距约60m。2013年3月大坝开始碾压施工,2015年5月浇筑完成。在大坝浇筑过程中及浇筑完成后,检查发现在不同高程处大坝混凝土存在封拱温度未达到设计封拱     

碾压混凝土重力坝施工有序推进

<正>世界目前在建最高的澜沧江黄登水电站碾压混凝土重力坝首仓碾压混凝土5月24 H完成浇筑后,混凝土浇筑碾压施工有条不紊推进。黄登水电站拦河大坝为碾压混凝土重力坝,坝顶高程1625m,最大坝高203 m,为世界目前在建的最高碾压混凝土重     

金安桥大坝碾压混凝土温控措施初步分析

金安桥水电站坝址位于金沙江中游干热河谷，坝高160m、坝顶长640m。工程具有规模大、工期紧、需在高温多雨季节连续施工等特点。对大坝碾压混凝土主要采取优化混凝土的配合比、降低入仓温度、仓面喷雾形成小气候、及时摊铺及时碾压、仓面保温、通水冷却等温控措施。结合金安桥水电站2007年度高温季节大坝碾压混凝土的施工实践，对大坝碾压混凝土温度控制措施进行了初步分析与总结。     

高碾压混凝土拱坝施工工艺及模拟仿真研究

结合坝高132m的沙牌碾压混凝土拱坝的施工,研究并提出了大坝混凝土真空溜管入仓工艺、改性混凝土扩大使用范围、大坝混凝土冬季施工措施及大坝施工过程仿真模拟程序和施工进度等。研究成果在沙牌水电站大坝混凝土施工中得到成功应用。     

简讯

锦屏一级水电站拱坝施工近况锦屏一级水电站混凝土双曲拱坝是世界第一高拱坝,坝高305.0m,坝顶高程1 885.0m,坝顶宽度16.0m,坝底厚度63.0m,厚高比0.207,坝顶弧长552.25m。大坝设25条横缝,26个坝段,坝体混凝土方量474万m3。坝身设有4个表孔、5个深孔、2个放空底孔,设有坝后水垫塘。     

观音岩水电站右岸溢流坝段RCC温度场仿真分析

1 引言 观音岩水电站地处四川省攀枝花市,位于横断山纵谷区.挡河大坝由左岸、河中碾压混凝土重力坝和右岸粘土心墙堆石坝组成为混合坝,坝顶总长1158 m,其中混凝土坝部分长838.035 m,心墙堆石坝部分长319.965 m.混凝土坝部分坝顶高程为1139 m,心墙堆石坝部分坝顶高程为1141 m,两坝型间坝顶通过5%的坡相连.碾压混凝土重力坝部分最大坝高为159 m,心墙堆石坝部分最大坝高71 m.     

房县三里坪电站碾压混凝土双曲拱坝施工质量控制

一、大坝主要参数 湖北省房县三里坪电站挡水建筑物为碾压混凝土对数螺旋形双曲拱坝,采用的是外包防渗层内部碾压的结构形式,最大坝高133 m(不含8m深的填塘碾压混凝土),坝顶轴线长度280.73 m,坝顶宽度5.5 m,拱坝中心线处坝底宽度22.7 m,厚高比0.17.大坝在EL 360.0m设两个中孔,孔口尺寸5m×8 m,在坝顶设三个溢流表孔,孔口尺寸12 m×8m.     

大花水水电站碾压混凝土拱坝快速施工技术

大花水水电站拦河大坝为碾压混凝土双曲拱坝,最大坝高134.50 m。采用快速施工技术,创造了国内碾压混凝土连续浇筑上升33.5 m的记录。重点介绍了高速胶带机水平运输技术、缓降溜管垂直运输技术以及碾压混凝土仓面工艺。     

黄花寨水电站碾压混凝土拱坝设计

介绍了黄花寨水电站碾压混凝土拱坝（坝高110m）枢纽布置、坝体优化、拱坝结构设计、拱坝仿真分析以及基础处理等设计内容。黄花寨水电站碾压混凝土拱坝通过体形优化，在应力分布合理、坝肩稳定的条件下减小了大坝体积，节省了投资；根据仿真分析的结果提出了简单合理的分缝及温控措施，有利于大坝快速碾压．节省了工程建设工期及投资。该大坝是国内第1座坝高超100m全部采用外掺MgO碾压混凝土筑坝技术的拱坝，在材料质量控制及混凝土配合比设计上具有借鉴作用。     

Call for Papers

正As the eldest and most distributed professional journal of water industry,Water Wastewater Engineering(W WE)gained very wide acceptance from the colleagues working in this field in this country since start publication in 1964.Now it is administrated by the Ministry of Construction of the People’s Republic of China and sponsored by the China Civil Engineering Society etc.     

地下厂房施工过程的三维非线性数值模拟分析

根据冗各电站地下厂房开挖支护的施工顺序,以隐式杆单元模拟锚杆,以壳单元模拟混凝土喷层,采用三维非线性有限元技术,对洞室群的开挖支护动态过程进行了模拟计算。通过三维非线性有限元计算分析得到:洞室群动态开挖过程中围岩应力变形的分布规律,围岩塑性区的发展规律,锚杆受力变化情况。计算结果表明:整个开挖过程中,洞周围岩位移变化规律正常,量值较小,塑性区主要分布在洞室周边,围岩稳定性较好;但在洞室交叉口处围岩的变形较大,出现较大范围的塑性区,在此基础上提出了支护措施优化方案,并对优化方案的效果进行了评价。     

Evaluation of freshwater mussel relocation as a conservation and management strategy

The relocation of unionacean mussels is commonly used as a conservation and management tool in large rivers and streams. Relocation has been used to recolonize areas where mussel populations have been eliminated by prior pollution events, to remove mussels from construction zones and to re-establish populations of endangered species. More recently, relocation has been used to protect native freshwater mussels from colonization by the exotic zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha. We conducted a literature review of mussel relocations and evaluated their relative success as a conservation and management strategy. We found that 43% of all relocations were conducted because of construction projects that were forced to comply with the Endangered Species Act 1973 and that only 16% were monitored for five or more consecutive years. Most (43%) relocation projects were conducted from July to September, presumably a period when reproductive stress is relatively low for most species and the metabolic rate is sufficient for reburrowing in the substrate. The mortality of relocated mussels was unreported in 27% of projects; reported mortality varied widely among projects and species and was difficult to assess. The mean mortality of relocated mussels was 49% based on an average recovery rate of 43%. There is little guidance on the methods for relocation or for monitoring the subsequent long-term status of relocated mussels. Based on this evaluation, research is needed to develop criteria for selecting a suitable relocation site and to establish appropriate methods and guidelines for conducting relocation projects.     

基于模型试验的河床砂砾石层基本特性研究

为了经济可靠地确定深厚覆盖层的基本特性参数,以大渡河双江口水电站坝基河床砂砾石层基本特性研究为工程背景,进行大尺寸模型试验,研究河床砂砾石层的旁压模量和动探击数随密度、级配以及上覆压力的变化规律。根据室内模型试验结果,结合现场旁压试验及钻孔试验成果,推断出坝址区河床砂砾石相关层位的密度,并依此进行砂砾石室内力学试验,获得设计所需力学参数。研究成果可为深厚覆盖层基本特性测试提供新的方法。     

SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL WATER QUALITY VARIABILITY IN AQUATIC HABITATS OF A CULTIVATED FLOODPLAIN

The floodplains of lowland rivers contain diverse aquatic habitats that provide valuable ecosystem services but are perturbed when intensively cultivated. Hydrologic, water chemistry and biological (fish) conditions in five aquatic habitats along the Coldwater River, Mississippi, were measured for more than 4 years: the river, two severed meanders that functioned as backwaters, a managed wetland and an ephemeral channel draining cultivated fields. Off‐channel habitats were connected to downstream regions 0.10% to 32% of the dry season and 24% to 67% of the wet season. The median temperatures for the five monitored sites ranged from 18°C to 23°C, the median total solids concentration for all sites was 135 mg L^?1, the median total phosphorus was 0.29 mg L^?1 and the median total nitrogen was 1.56 mg L^?1. Chemical and physical water quality displayed strong seasonal differences between the wet winter/spring and the dry summer/fall periods so that temporal variation consisted of gradual seasonal trends superimposed on strong diurnal variations. All off‐channel habitats exhibited periods of hypoxia and temperatures >30°C during the dry season. Between‐site gradients of water and habitat quality were strongly coupled to water depth and runoff loading. The rehabilitation of one backwater by increasing water depth and diverting agricultural runoff was associated with improved water quality and fish species richness relative to an adjacent untreated backwater. The diversion of polluted runoff and the use of water control structures to maintain greater water depth were observed to be effective management tools, but the former reduces the water supply to habitats that tend to dry up and the latter reduces connectivity. Published in 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Spatio‐temporal variation of gross CO2 and CH4 diffusive emissions from Australian reservoirs and natural aquatic ecosystems,and estimation of net reservoir emissions

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) and methane (CH₄) diffusive emissions were measured during two field surveys in Queensland and Tasmania, Australia, using the floating chamber method. Bubbling and degassing emissions in 2010 were estimated in Koombooloomba Dam reservoir using only inverted funnels and gas concentrations, respectively. A total of 14 reservoirs and 16 rivers and lakes were sampled from 2006 to 2010. Spatial variation was substantial within each water body, as well as between them. The main drivers of diffusive emission variation were physiographic region and climate, with a clear demarcation being observed between diffusive emissions from tropical Queensland and temperate Tasmania, and between the humid West Coast Range (Tasmania) and dry Central Plateau (Tasmania). Higher CO₂ and CH₄ diffusive emissions were observed during the dry season, when long water residence times would promote organic matter degradation. Estimated total gross emissions, including diffusive, bubbling and degassing emissions, for Koombooloomba Dam reservoir were about 1.5 × 10⁶ t CO₂eq km² per year, or 24 × 10⁶ t CO₂eq per year. This corresponds to a plant emission factor of 3.18 kg CO₂eq MWh^?1. Using an estimate of terrestrial emissions derived from literature data for the Tully River catchment area, rough estimated net emissions from the catchment area are about 44 kt CO₂eq per year, or 5.83 kg CO₂eq MWh^?1, which is in the lower range of the studied reservoirs.     

Automated system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash from electric precipitator hoppers

A system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash is examined, in which air pulses act on batches (pistons) of ash formed in a duct. Studies are made of the effect of several physical parameters on the force required to displace a piston of ash and these serve as a basis for choosing a system for removal and pneumatic transport of ash simultaneously from several hoppers of an electric precipitator. This makes it possible to separate the ash particles according to size without introducing additional components. Formulas are given for calculating the structural and dynamic parameters of this system and measurements of indirect dynamic parameters are used to calculate the input-output characteristics of the system. In order to optimize the system, configurations for summing several ducts into a single transport duct for pneumatic ash transport are proposed. Some variants of dry ash utilization and the advantages of producing of size-separated particles are considered. __________ Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 2, pp. 26–30 (2008).     

The flood pulse advantage and the restoration of river-floodplain systems

The ‘flood pulse advantage’ is the amount by which fish yield per unit mean water area is increased by a natural, predictable flood pulse. Evidence for this increase is presented from tropical and temperate fisheries. It is argued that increasing multispecies fish yield by restoring the natural hydrological regime is consistent with increasing production of other trophic levels and with restoration from ecological and aesthetic viewpoints. When applied to a river-floodplain system, this restoration would provide a large, self-sustaining potential for recreation, commercial exploitation, and flood control. An interim ‘natural flood pulse’ restoration approach is proposed for systems modified for navigation. This approach approximates the natural hydrological regime in a river reach and is intended as a first step in the long process of restoring the watershed.     

基于BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型的隧道围岩位移预测

在隧道工程施工中,围岩位移预测起着很重要的作用。将BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型引入到隧道围岩位移预测中来,通过对训练样本的学习,利用BP神经网络实现了对位移时间序列的滚动预测,同时得到了实测值与预测值的相对误差;在此基础上利用马尔科夫链对相对误差进行修正,有效地提高了预测结果的精度。并将该模型应用于某公路隧道拱顶下沉位移时序预测中,结果表明该模型具有精度高、科学可靠的特点,为隧道围岩变形的预测提供了新的途径。     

Short communication. Pipelines as a refuge for freshwater snails

In the lower River Murray, Australia, populations of gastropods have declined markedly over the past 40 years. Of the native fauna of about 18 species, only the ancylid Ferrissia petterdi remains common (but in patches), and another five species feature in sporadic local resurgences. Until recently the viviparid Notopala was thought to be extinct. The introduced physid Physa acuta is widespread, but in low numbers. The decline probably is associated with flow regulation, high turbidity and the introduction of common carp. Snail populations have persisted, however, in irrigation pipelines fed from the river, where they periodically cause blockages. This paper reports the discovery of the only known populaion of Notopala hanleyi in a pipeline where the inner wall accumulates microbial and other organic matter, providing high quality food for snails. In the Murray before regulation most of the periphytic biomass was probably microbial, as fluctuating water levels would have maintained littoral communities in a highly productive, early state of succession his postulated that, by stabilizing seasonal water levels, regulation has promoted the production of filamentous green algae, an inferior food source, and so displaced snail populations from the open aquatic environment.