共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 0 毫秒
1.
Lisa Wu Stephen Xu Brian Yang Jenny Yang Claire Yee Nicola Cirillo 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(22)
The hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid (HPT) axis is crucial in regulating thyroid hormone levels that contribute to the development and homeostasis of the human body. Current literature supports the presence of a local HPT axis equivalent within keratinocytes of the skin, with thyroid hormones playing a potential role in cancer progression. However, this remains to be seen within oral tissue cells. An electronic search of Scopus and PubMed/Medline databases was conducted to identify all original publications that reported data on the production or effects of HPT axis components in normal or malignant cells of the oral cavity. The search identified 221 studies, of which 14 were eligible. Eight studies were retrospective analyses of clinical samples, one study involved both in vivo and in vitro experiments, and the remaining five studies were conducted in vitro using cell lines. The search identified evidence of effects of HPT components on oral cancer cells. However, there were limited data for the production of HPT axis components by oral tissues. We conclude that a possible role of the local HPT axis equivalent in the oral mucosa may not be established at present. The gaps in knowledge identified in this scoping review, particularly regarding the production of HPT components by oral tissues, warrant further investigation. 相似文献
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Man Zhao Huazhong Xie Hao Shan Zhihua Zheng Guofeng Li Min Li Liang Hong 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(3)
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the fastest-growing liver disease in the world. Despite targeted agents which are needed to provide permanent benefits for patients with NAFLD, no drugs have been approved to treat NASH. Thyroid hormone is an important signaling molecule to maintain normal metabolism, and in vivo and vitro studies have shown that regulation of the 3,5,3’-triiodothyronine (T3)/ thyroid hormone receptor (TR) axis is beneficial not only for metabolic symptoms but also for the improvement of NAFLD and even for the repair of liver injury. However, the non-selective regulation of T3 to TR subtypes (TRα/TRβ) could cause unacceptable side effects represented by cardiotoxicity. To avoid deleterious effects, TRβ-selective thyromimetics were developed for NASH studies in recent decades. Herein, we will review the development of thyroid hormones and synthetic thyromimetics based on TR selectivity for NAFLD, and analyze the role of TR-targeted drugs for the treatment of NAFLD in the future. 相似文献
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Danbi Jo Hee Kyung Kim Young-Kook Kim Juhyun Song 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(15)
Thyroid hormone (TH) contributes to multiple cellular mechanisms in the liver, muscle cells, adipose tissue, and brain, etc. In particular, the liver is an important organ in TH metabolism for the conversion of thyronine (T4) into triiodothyronine (T3) by the deiodinase enzyme. TH levels were significantly decreased and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were significantly increased in patients with liver failure compared with normal subjects. Among liver failure diseases, hepatic encephalopathy (HE) deserves more attention because liver damage and neuropathologies occur simultaneously. Although there is numerous evidence of TH dysregulation in the HE model, specific mechanisms and genetic features of the thyroid glands in the HE model are not fully understood. Here, we investigated the significantly different genes in the thyroid glands of a bile duct ligation (BDL) mouse model as the HE model, compared to the thyroid glands of the control mouse using RNA sequencing. We also confirmed the alteration in mRNA levels of thyroid gland function-related genes in the BDL mouse model. Furthermore, we evaluated the increased level of free T4 and TSH in the BDL mouse blood. Thus, we emphasize the potential roles of TH in liver metabolism and suggest that thyroid dysfunction-related genes in the HE model should be highlighted for finding the appropriate solution for an impaired thyroid system in HE. 相似文献
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Alaa Al-Hashimi Vaishnavi Venugopalan Maren Rehders Naphannop Sereesongsaeng Zeynep Hein Sebastian Springer Ekkehard Weber Dagmar Führer Matthew S. Bogyo Christopher J. Scott Roberta E. Burden Klaudia Brix 《International journal of molecular sciences》2020,21(23)
The significance of cysteine cathepsins for the liberation of thyroid hormones from the precursor thyroglobulin was previously shown by in vivo and in vitro studies. Cathepsin L is most important for thyroglobulin processing in mice. The present study aims at specifying the possible contribution of its closest relative, cysteine cathepsin L2/V, to thyroid function. Immunofluorescence analysis on normal human thyroid tissue revealed its predominant localization at the apical plasma membrane of thyrocytes and within the follicle lumen, indicating the secretion of cathepsin V and extracellular tasks rather than its acting within endo-lysosomes. To explore the trafficking pathways of cathepsin V in more detail, a chimeric protein consisting of human cathepsin V tagged with green fluorescent protein (GFP) was stably expressed in the Nthy-ori 3-1 thyroid epithelial cell line. Colocalization studies with compartment-specific markers and analyses of post-translational modifications revealed that the chimeric protein was sorted into the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum and subsequently transported to the Golgi apparatus, while being N-glycosylated. Immunoblotting showed that the chimeric protein reached endo-lysosomes and it became secreted from the transduced cells. Astonishingly, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)-induced secretion of GFP-tagged cathepsin V occurred as the proform, suggesting that TSH upregulates its transport to the plasma membrane before it reaches endo-lysosomes for maturation. The proform of cathepsin V was found to be reactive with the activity-based probe DCG-04, suggesting that it possesses catalytic activity. We propose that TSH-stimulated secretion of procathepsin V is the default pathway in the thyroid to enable its contribution to thyroglobulin processing by extracellular means. 相似文献
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Genomic and phylogenetic analyses of various invertebrate phyla revealed the existence of genes that are evolutionarily related to the vertebrate’s decapeptide gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and the GnRH receptor genes. Upon the characterization of these gene products, encoding peptides and putative receptors, GnRH-related peptides and their G-protein coupled receptors have been identified. These include the adipokinetic hormone (AKH) and corazonin (CRZ) in insects and their cognate receptors that pair to form bioactive signaling systems, which network with additional neurotransmitters/hormones (e.g., octopamine and ecdysone). Multiple studies in the past 30 years have identified many aspects of the biology of these peptides that are similar in size to GnRH and function as neurohormones. This review briefly describes the main activities of these two neurohormones and their receptors in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. The similarities and differences between Drosophila AKH/CRZ and mammalian GnRH signaling systems are discussed. Of note, while GnRH has a key role in reproduction, AKH and CRZ show pleiotropic activities in the adult fly, primarily in metabolism and stress responses. From a protein evolution standpoint, the GnRH/AKH/CRZ family nicely demonstrates the developmental process of neuropeptide signaling systems emerging from a putative common ancestor and leading to divergent activities in distal phyla. 相似文献
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Richrd Sink Kristf Rada Anna Kollr Petra Mohcsik Mikls Tenk Csaba Fekete Balzs Gereben 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(23)
Thyroid hormone (TH) signaling is a prerequisite of normal tissue function. Environmental pollutants with the potential to disrupt endocrine functions represent an emerging threat to human health and agricultural production. We used our Thyroid Hormone Action Indicator (THAI) mouse model to study the effects of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA; 150 mg/bwkg/day orally for 6 days) and diclazuril (10.0 mg/bwkg/day orally for 5 days), a known and a potential hormone disruptor, respectively, on local TH economy. Tissue-specific changes of TH action were assessed in 90-day-old THAI mice by measuring the expression of a TH-responsive luciferase reporter in tissue samples and by in vivo imaging (14-day-long treatment accompanied with imaging on day 7, 14 and 21 from the first day of treatment) in live THAI mice. This was followed by promoter assays to elucidate the mechanism of the observed effects. TBBPA and diclazuril impacted TH action differently and tissue-specifically. TBBPA disrupted TH signaling in the bone and small intestine and impaired the global TH economy by decreasing the circulating free T4 levels. In the promoter assays, TBBPA showed a direct stimulatory effect on the hdio3 promoter, indicating a potential mechanism for silencing TH action. In contrast, diclazuril acted as a stimulator of TH action in the liver, skeletal muscle and brown adipose tissue without affecting the Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Thyroid axis. Our data demonstrate distinct and tissue-specific effects of TBBPA and diclazuril on local TH action and prove that the THAI mouse is a novel mammalian model to identify TH disruptors and their tissue-specific effects. 相似文献
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Salvatore Ulisse Enke Baldini Daniele Pironi Federica Gagliardi Domenico Tripodi Augusto Lauro Sabino Carbotta Danilo Tarroni Matteo DArmiento Aldo Morrone Flavio Forte Flaminia Frattaroli Severino Persechino Teresa Odorisio Vito DAndrea Eleonora Lori Salvatore Sorrenti 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(17)
Clinical and epidemiological evidence indicate a relationship between thyroid diseases and melanoma. In particular, the hypothyroidism condition appears to promote melanoma spread, which suggests a protective role of thyroid hormones against disease progression. In addition, experimental data suggest that, in addition to thyroid hormones, other hormonal players of the hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid (HPT) axis, namely the thyrotropin releasing hormone and the thyrotropin, are likely to affect melanoma cells behavior. This information warrants further clinical and experimental studies in order to build a precise pattern of action of the HPT hormones on melanoma cells. An improved knowledge of the involved molecular mechanism(s) could lead to a better and possibly personalized clinical management of these patients. 相似文献
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Adam R. Brown Rosalia C. M. Simmen Frank A. Simmen 《International journal of molecular sciences》2013,14(8):16240-16257
Thyroid hormones play a critical role in the growth and development of the alimentary tract in vertebrates. Their effects are mediated by nuclear receptors as well as the cell surface receptor integrin αVβ3. Systemic thyroid hormone levels are controlled via activation and deactivation by iodothyronine deiodinases in the liver and other tissues. Given that thyroid hormone signaling has been characterized as a major effector of digestive system growth and homeostasis, numerous investigations have examined its role in the occurrence and progression of cancers in various tissues of this organ system. The present review summarizes current findings regarding the effects of thyroid hormone signaling on cancers of the esophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas, and colon. Particular attention is given to the roles of different thyroid hormone receptor isoforms, the novel integrin αVβ3 receptor, and thyroid hormone-related nutrients as possible protective agents and therapeutic targets. Future investigations geared towards a better understanding of thyroid hormone signaling in digestive system cancers may provide preventive or therapeutic strategies to diminish risk, improve outcome and avert recurrence in afflicted individuals. 相似文献
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Minh-Hanh Thi Nguyen Dat Da Ly Nhung Thi Nguyen Xu-Feng Qi Hyon-Seung Yi Minho Shong Seung-Kuy Cha Sangkyu Park Kyu-Sang Park 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(16)
Thyroid hormones, including 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine (T3), cause a wide spectrum of genomic effects on cellular metabolism and bioenergetic regulation in various tissues. The non-genomic actions of T3 have been reported but are not yet completely understood. Acute T3 treatment significantly enhanced basal, maximal, ATP-linked, and proton-leak oxygen consumption rates (OCRs) of primary differentiated mouse brown adipocytes accompanied with increased protein abundances of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU). T3 treatment depolarized the resting mitochondrial membrane potential (Ψm) but augmented oligomycin-induced hyperpolarization in brown adipocytes. Protein kinase B (AKT) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) were activated by T3, leading to the inhibition of autophagic degradation. Rapamycin, as an mTOR inhibitor, blocked T3-induced autophagic suppression and UCP1 upregulation. T3 increases intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in brown adipocytes. Most of the T3 effects, including mTOR activation, UCP1 upregulation, and OCR increase, were abrogated by intracellular Ca2+ chelation with BAPTA-AM. Calmodulin inhibition with W7 or knockdown of MCU dampened T3-induced mitochondrial activation. Furthermore, edelfosine, a phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor, prevented T3 from acting on [Ca2+]i, UCP1 abundance, Ψm, and OCR. We suggest that short-term exposure of T3 induces UCP1 upregulation and mitochondrial activation due to PLC-mediated [Ca2+]i elevation in brown adipocytes. 相似文献
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Annarita Nappi Melania Murolo Serena Sagliocchi Caterina Miro Annunziata Gaetana Cicatiello Emery Di Cicco Rossella Di Paola Maddalena Raia Lucia DEsposito Mariano Stornaiuolo Monica Dentice 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(13)
Thyroid hormones (THs) are key regulators of different biological processes. Their action involves genomic and non-genomic mechanisms, which together mediate the final effects of TH in target tissues. However, the proportion of the two processes and their contribution to the TH-mediated effects are still poorly understood. Skeletal muscle is a classical target tissue for TH, which regulates muscle strength and contraction, as well as energetic metabolism of myofibers. Here we address the different contribution of genomic and non-genomic action of TH in skeletal muscle cells by specifically silencing the deiodinase Dio2 or the β3-Integrin expression via CRISPR/Cas9 technology. We found that myoblast proliferation is inversely regulated by integrin signal and the D2-dependent TH activation. Similarly, inhibition of the nuclear receptor action reduced myoblast proliferation, confirming that genomic action of TH attenuates proliferative rates. Contrarily, genomic and non-genomic signals promote muscle differentiation and the regulation of the redox state. Taken together, our data reveal that integration of genomic and non-genomic signal pathways finely regulates skeletal muscle physiology. These findings not only contribute to the understanding of the mechanisms involved in TH modulation of muscle physiology but also add insight into the interplay between different mechanisms of action of TH in muscle cells. 相似文献
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目的 研究促黄体激素释放激素-绿脓杆菌外毒素(Luteinizing hormone releasing hormone-Pseudomonas aeru-gionosa exotoxin 40,LHRH-PE40)对黑色素瘤A375细胞的诱导凋亡作用。方法用LHRH-PE40处理A375细胞,透射电镜观察细胞结构的改变;DNA ladder和流式细胞仪检测细胞的凋亡。结果经LHRH-PE40作用后,透射电镜观察可见A375细胞核聚集于一侧;DNA ladder检测发现,A375细胞的DNA电泳图像呈梯形条带;流式细胞术检测结果显示,A375细胞出现明显的二倍体峰,细胞周期也发生了相应的改变。结论 LHRH-PE40对A375细胞的细胞毒性作用可以有效诱导A375细胞凋亡。 相似文献
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Rosa Maria Paragliola Andrea Corsello Giampaolo Papi Alfredo Pontecorvi Salvatore Maria Corsello 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(6)
The most known effects of endogenous Cushing’s syndrome are the phenotypic changes and metabolic consequences. However, hypercortisolism can exert important effects on other endocrine axes. The hypothalamus–pituitary–thyroid axis activity can be impaired by the inappropriate cortisol secretion, which determinates the clinical and biochemical features of the “central hypothyroidism”. These findings have been confirmed by several clinical studies, which also showed that the cure of hypercortisolism can determine the recovery of normal hypothalamus–pituitary–thyroid axis activity. During active Cushing’s syndrome, the “immunological tolerance” guaranteed by the hypercortisolism can mask, in predisposed patients, the development of autoimmune thyroid diseases, which increases in prevalence after the resolution of hypercortisolism. However, the immunological mechanism is not the only factor that contributes to this phenomenon, which probably includes also deiodinase-impaired activity. Cushing’s syndrome can also have an indirect impact on thyroid function, considering that some drugs used for the medical control of hypercortisolism are associated with alterations in the thyroid function test. These considerations suggest the utility to check the thyroid function in Cushing’s syndrome patients, both during the active disease and after its remission. 相似文献
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Irina Kube Manuela Kowalczyk Ute Hofmann Ahmed Ghallab Jan Georg Hengstler Dagmar Führer Denise Zwanziger 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(20)
Women are more prone to develop either hypothyroidism or cholesterol gallstones than men. However, a male predominance in cholesterol gallstones under hypothyroidism was reported. Recently, a novel pathogenic link between thyroid hormone (TH) deficiency and cholesterol gallstones has been described in male mice. Here, we investigate if TH deficiency impacts cholesterol gallstone formation in females by the same mechanism. Three-month-old C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into a control, a TH deficient, a lithogenic, and a lithogenic + TH deficient group and diet-treated for two, four, and six weeks. Gallstone prevalence, liver function tests, bile composition, hepatic gene expression, and gallbladder aquaporin expression and localization were investigated. Cholesterol gallstones were observed in lithogenic + TH deficient but not lithogenic only female mice. Diminished hydrophilicity of primary bile acids due to decreased gene expression of hepatic detoxification phase II enzymes was observed. A sex-specific expression and localization of hepatobiliary aquaporins involved in transcellular water and glycerol permeability was observed under TH deficient and lithogenic conditions. TH deficiency promotes cholesterol gallstone formation in female C57BL/6J mice by the same mechanism as observed in males. However, cholesterol gallstone prevalence was lower in female than male C57BL/6J mice. Interestingly, the sex-specific expression and localization of hepatobiliary aquaporins could protect female C57BL/6J mice to cholestasis and could reduce biliary water transport in male C57BL/6J mice possibly contributing to the sex-dependent cholesterol gallstone prevalence under TH deficiency. 相似文献
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保幼激素及其类似物的研究与应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
归纳了保幼激素的合成与代谢研究,综述了保幼激素类似物的结构特点及其分类,并对保幼激素及其类似物在害虫防治、资源昆虫和其他方面的应用情况作了介绍. 相似文献
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目的探讨低氧诱导因子-1α(Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α,HIF-1α)和上皮间质转化(Epithelial-mesenchymaltransition,EMT)相关蛋白在甲状腺滤泡状癌(Follicular thyroid carcinoma,FTC)组织中的表达及临床意义。方法采用免疫组化SP法检测42份FTC组织中HIF-1α、锌指转录因子(Snail)、波形蛋白(Vimentin)和钙黏蛋白E(E-cadherin)的表达;MTT法检测不同浓度CoCl2对FTC WRO细胞增殖活力的影响;RT-PCR法检测不同浓度CoCl2对WRO细胞HIF-1α基因mRNA转录水平的影响;免疫荧光法观察150μmol/L CoCl2处理24 h的WRO细胞中HIF-1α蛋白的核定位;Western blot检测150μmol/LCoCl2处理不同时间对WRO细胞中HIF-1α、Snail、Vimentin和E-cadherin蛋白表达的影响;Transwell小室试验检测150μmol/LCoCl2处理24 h对WRO细胞中侵袭及迁移能力的影响。结果在42份FTC组织中,HIF-1α、Snail、Vimentin和E-cadherin蛋白的表达与多项临床指标相关,且4者表达显著相关(P<0.05);CoCl2可抑制WRO细胞的增殖活力;随着CoCl2浓度的增高,WRO细胞中HIF-1α基因mRNA的转录水平先增高然后趋于平稳;150μmol/L CoCl2处理24 h的WRO细胞内HIF-1α蛋白发生核转位;CoCl2处理的WRO细胞中随着HIF-1α蛋白表达的增多,Snail和Vimentin蛋白的表达逐渐增多,E-cadherin蛋白的表达逐渐减少(P<0.05);150μmol/L CoCl2处理24 h后,侵袭、迁移细胞数目较对照组明显增加。结论 HIF-1α能够通过上调Snail与Vimentin的表达,下调E-cadherin的表达,进而促进FTC EMT的发生。 相似文献
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目的研究质粒pEGFP-C1-GnRH/TRS在HeLa细胞中的遗传稳定性。方法取0代及传至第10、20、30和40代的工程细胞,在有选择压力(加G418)的条件下,测定pEGFP-C1-GnRH/TRS质粒丢失率。分别提取各代次工程细胞质粒DNA进行双酶切鉴定。将经酶切鉴定正确的第40代工程细胞质粒测序,并将各代次工程细胞加压筛选后,于荧光显微镜下观察。结果连续传10、20、30和40代后,质粒丢失率均不超过2%。不同代次的工程细胞质粒DNA经BamHⅠ/EcoRⅠ双酶切,酶切图谱相同。第40代质粒的GnRH/TRS序列与原代质粒相同。第40代细胞荧光分析与原代细胞相似。结论质粒pEGFP-C1-GnRH/TRS在HeLa细胞中有较好的遗传稳定性。 相似文献
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Hyunjong Byun Jiyeon Park Benedict U. Fabia Joshua Bingwa Mihn Hieu Nguyen Haeshin Lee Jung Hoon Ahn 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(12)
Many heterologous proteins can be secreted by bacterial ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, provided that they are fused with the C-terminal signal sequence, but some proteins are not secretable even though they carry the right signal sequence. The invention of a method to secrete these non-secretable proteins would be valuable both for understanding the secretory physiology of ABC transporters and for industrial applications. Herein, we postulate that cationic “supercharged” regions within the target substrate protein block the secretion by ABC transporters. We also suggest that the secretion of such substrate proteins can be rescued by neutralizing those cationic supercharged regions via structure-preserving point mutageneses. Surface-protruding, non-structural cationic amino acids within the cationic supercharged regions were replaced by anionic or neutral hydrophilic amino acids, reducing the cationic charge density. The examples of rescued secretions we provide include the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, glutathione-S-transferase, streptavidin, lipase, tyrosinase, cutinase, growth factors, etc. In summary, our study provides a method to predict the secretability and a tool to rescue the secretion by correcting the secretion-blocking regions, making a significant step in understanding the physiological properties of ABC transporter-dependent protein secretion and laying the foundation for the development of a secretion-based protein-producing platform. 相似文献