Effect of subgrade soil stiffness on the design of geosynthetic tube

Water or soil filled geotextile or geosynthetic tubes have been used for coastal or river protection projects in recent years. How to design and analyze geosynthetic tube is still an important research topic. Although a number of solutions for geosynthetic tube have been proposed in the past, most of these solutions assume that the geosynthetic tube is resting on a rigid foundation. In this paper, a two-dimensional analysis of geosynthetic tube resting on deformable foundation soil is presented. The deformable foundation is assumed to be an elastic Winkler type represented by the modulus of subgrade reaction, K_f. The study shows that the smaller the modulus, the smaller the height of the geosynthetic tube above the ground surface and the higher the tensile force in the geotextile or geosynthetic given the other conditions the same. When the foundation soil has a modulus higher than 1000 kPa/m which is representative of soft clay, the foundation soil can be assumed to be rigid in the analysis. The results obtained from the method proposed in this paper are compared with those from the solutions of Leshchinsky et al. and Plaut and Suherman for verification. The differences between the solutions are also discussed.     

Two-dimensional analysis of stacked geosynthetic tubes on deformable foundations

Stacked geosynthetic tubes resting on a deformable foundation such as soil are analyzed. The tubes contain a slurry which applies hydrostatic pressure. The material of the tubes is assumed to act like an inextensible membrane and to have negligible weight, and the foundation is assumed to exert a normal upward pressure which is proportional to the downward deflection. Friction is neglected between tubes and at the foundation interface. Two configurations are considered: (a) one tube on top of another and (b) one tube straddling two tubes underneath it. For the latter formation, the case of external fluid acting on one side is analyzed, to simulate an application as a dike, and rigid blocks are utilized to prevent sliding of the tubes. Equilibrium shapes of the tubes are obtained numerically from a closed-form integral formulation, and the tension in each tube is computed.     

Analysis of geosynthetic tubes inflated by liquid and consolidated soil

When permeable geosynthetic tubes are used for dewatering of waste sludge or construction of dikes or embankments, the tubes have to be inflated using sludge or soil slurry several times. After each inflation, the soil slurry is consolidated into solid. Hence from the second inflation onwards, the geosynthetic tube is filled by both slurry and consolidated soil. In this paper, a new analytical method is proposed to provide a solution to the above specific case. Friction between geosynthetic sheet and soil, and friction between geosynthetic tube and subgrade, are considered. Parametric studies are also carried out to compare the design between geosynthetic tubes inflated using pure slurry and that using slurry and consolidated soil to study the key factors affecting the design. The study shows that tensile forces vary along the cross-section of the geosynthetic tube with the minimum value occurring at the center of the base. The effect of friction and lateral earth pressure on the geometry and tensile forces of the geosynthetic tube is insignificant when the height of the consolidated soil in the tube is small, but increases considerably with an increase in the height.     

Two-dimensional analytical analysis of equilibrium shape of inflated geomembrane tube resting on rigid foundation with arbitrary shape

Geomembrane tubes are used as an alternative to old methods for flood protection and may be considered as inflatable structures. These tubes can be filled with air and/or water and placed on ground, or any foundation. In this paper, a new analytical method is developed to determine the equilibrium shape of a geomembrane tube filled with air and resting on rigid foundations of an arbitrary shape. Geometric and equilibrium relations of a tube element are used to obtain the equilibrium shape of tube in an explicit (closed) form. The material of the tube is assumed to be inextensible and its bending stiffness is neglected. Using the closed form solution presented in this paper, the equilibrium shape of geomembrane tubes resting on foundations with different shapes and with different internal pressures, can be easily determined and there is no need to solve the problem numerically. The validity of the present analytical approach is confirmed by comparing the results with selected references. The results of comparison show that the presented analytical formulation provides the same level of accuracy with less numerical effort.     

A simplified method for design of geosynthetic tubes

A simplified method for the design of impermeable geosynthetic tubes inflated using liquid is proposed in this paper. Adopting a computer program for an existing theoretical model, relationships between pumping pressure and geometric parameters for geosynthetic tubes can be established. A set of simplified dimensionless design equations are then derived using the Chapman–Richard curve fitting method. The validity of this simplified method was verified using other established methods and laboratory model tests. The proposed simplified method can thus be used for routine or preliminary design.     

Performance and calculations of concrete filled steel tubes (CFST) under axial tension

This paper reports the behavior of concrete filled steel tubes (CFST) under axial tension. A total of 18 specimens were tested. The main parameters were steel ratio, concrete type and bond or unbonded between the steel tube and its core concrete. A finite element model (FEM) was developed to perform mechanism analysis and parametric studies for CFST under axial tension. It was found that the tensile strength of steel tube can be increased due to the existence of the core concrete in CFST. Finally, a simplified formula that can predict the tensile strength was proposed.     

自密实微膨胀高强钢管混凝土的施工工艺

腊八斤特大桥、黑石沟特大桥为大跨连续刚构钢管混凝土组合高墩混凝土工程,其主墩最高墩高分别为182.5 m和157 m,在主桥墩钢管混凝土中,核心混凝土采用C80、C60高抛自密实微膨胀高强钢管混凝土.采用高位抛落免振捣法进行施工,着重介绍主墩钢管混凝土的施工工艺.     

Development of a numerical model for performance-based design of geosynthetic liner systems

A numerical model for performance-based design of the geosynthetic elements of waste containment systems has been developed. The model offers a rational alternative to the current state of practice for design of geosynthetic containment system elements in which neither the strains nor the forces in liner system elements are explicitly calculated. To explicitly assess the ability of the geosynthetic elements of a containment system to maintain their integrity under both static and seismic loads, a large strain finite difference model of waste-liner system interaction was developed. Modular features within the model allow the user to select the appropriate features required for any particular problem. A beam element with zero moment of inertia and with interface elements on both sides is employed in the model to represent a geosynthetic element in the liner system. This enables explicit calculation of the axial forces and strains within the liner system element. Non-linear constitutive models were developed to represent the stress-strain behavior of geomembrane and geosynthetic clay liner beam elements and the load-displacement behavior of the beam interfaces. The use of the various features on the model is illustrated using available experimental data, including shaking table test data on rigid and compliant blocks sliding on geomembranes. Analysis of geomembranes subject to waste settlement and subject to seismic loading demonstrate applications of the model and provide insight into the behavior of geosynthetic liner system elements subject to tensile loads.     

Optimization of the foam-filled aluminum tubes for crush box application

Axial impact crush tests on empty and foam-filled square aluminum tubes have been performed. Furthermore, in order to find more details about the crush processes, finite element simulations of the experiments have been done. In terms of finding more efficient and lighter crush absorber and achieving maximum energy absorption, multidesign optimization (MDO) technique has been applied for optimizing the square rectangular tubes. Based on practical requirements the optimum tube geometry, which absorbs maximum energy and has a minimum weight, has been determined. Results of previous work indicated that using high density honeycomb for filling the tubes will results more energy absorption but the weight efficiency has been lost [Zarei HR, Kröger M. Optimum honeycomb filled crash absorber design. Mater Des 2007;29:193–204]. Therefore, a comprehensive study has been performed in order to find out the crush behavior of tube filled with foam with different densities. The MDO procedure has been implemented to find an optimum filled tube that absorbed the same energy as an optimum empty tube can absorb.     

矩形钢管自密实混凝土的钢管-混凝土界面粘结性能研究

钢管混凝土构件在受力过程中,钢管及核心混凝土间的粘结性能一直是设计和研究人员关注的热点问题之一。合理确定钢管与核心混凝土间的粘结强度,是进行钢管混凝土梁柱节点设计的重要前提。通过对矩形钢管自密实混凝土构件界面粘结性能进行的试验研究,对钢管自密实混凝土与钢管普通混凝土进行比较。结果表明,自密实混凝土可以提高钢管与混凝土间的界面粘结强度。最后,提出粘结强度的简化计算公式和粘结应力-相对滑移关系的简化模型。     

圆中空夹层钢管混凝土柱承载力研究

采用统一强度理论，对圆中空夹层钢管混凝土柱进行了研究，分析了钢管的拉压强度比，及中间主应力对圆中空夹层钢管混凝土柱承载力的影响，提出了圆中空夹层钢管混凝土柱的极承载力计算公式，与文献资料的试验结果作了比较，验证了理论公式的正确性，并得出了中空夹钢管混凝土柱和钢管混凝土具有相同优点等结论。该结果为中空夹层钢管混凝土柱的承载力分计算提供了一定的理论依据，对工程设计有一定的参考价值。以限层析     

软基上加筋防波堤的离心模型试验

通过离心模型试验，研究在有无土工织物加筋垫层条件下防波堤和软基的变形性状，得到了地基沉降、隆起及水平位移的分布规律。提出了一种量测筋材张力的新方法，对土工织物在离心试验过程中的应力状态进行了测试。研究结果表明：土工织物加筋垫层能有效地减小地基的侧向位移，有一定的加筋效果：土工织物张力的发挥水平与堤坝的沉降量密切相关，工作状态下其最大强度发挥水平约为52％。     

半刚性连接对钢管混凝土框架结构设计的影响

钢管混凝土框架结构中梁柱的连接往往是半刚性的,设计中把梁柱连接假定为完全刚接或完全铰接都是不合理的。探讨了半刚性连接对钢管混凝土框架结构内力、位移等的影响,导出了半刚性连接钢管混凝土框架结构在竖向荷载下梁端弯矩的求解公式,对水平荷载作用下标准反弯点高比计算公式进行修正,并提出了考虑半刚性连接的设计建议,可供工程设计人员参考。     

土工布加筋基础的一维非线性模型(英文)

本文推导出一个代表软土双曲线弹簧支撑的土工布加筋基础一维非线性模型。该模型的数学形式是两个非线性二阶常微分方程组。给出了解常微分方程组的迭代格式，并着重讨论了非线性弹簧参数对加筋基础的沉降和土工布拉力的影响。     

塑料套管混凝土桩承载试验及沉降计算方法研究

塑料套管混凝土桩(TC桩)是由预先打设在地基中的塑料套管内浇注混凝土组成的,适用于软土地基处理工程中,具有承载力高、施工速度快和成桩质量可靠等优点。通过TC桩承载力的模型和现场试验,研究了TC桩的工作性状,并考虑到路堤柔性荷载下刚性桩复合地基桩土存在沉降差,分别采用Mindlin应力解计算塑料套管桩群在复合地基中产生的附加应力,采用Boussinesq解计算地基土荷载产生的附加应力,叠加塑料套管桩群桩和地基土产生的附加应力,采用分层总和法计算复合地基沉降量。研究结果表明:TC桩承载力具有明显的时效性,其不同间歇期的承载特性有显著差别;所建立的TC桩沉降计算方法的计算值与实测值相一致。     

微型钢管灌注桩的竖向承载性状研究

微型钢管灌注桩属于微型桩的一种,经常用于建筑物的基础加固工程。基于广州市白云区金沙洲某基础加固工程的微型钢管灌注桩静载试验成果,利用ABAQUS有限元软件建立钢管–核心混凝土–土–岩共同作用模型,探讨了基岩模量、嵌岩深径比、钢管壁厚等因素对微型钢管灌注桩承载力的影响。静载试验的数值模拟表明:对于上覆土层为软土的情况,微型钢管灌注桩虽是超长桩,但桩端阻力仍是承载力的主要部分;桩的承载力随基岩的弹性模量增加而增加,但并非线性关系,其增长趋势最终变缓;桩的竖向承载力随钢管壁厚增加而线性增加;嵌岩深径比对桩的竖向承载力基本没有影响。     

圆端形钢管混凝土双肢塔柱受力性能试验研究

采用有限元方法,在不考虑钢管-混凝土相互作用的基础上,对某斜拉桥圆端形钢管混凝土双肢柱在轴心受压和偏心受压两类工况下的受力状况进行数值模拟分析。然后,结合某斜拉桥主塔双肢塔柱应力监测实验数据,与有限元模拟数据进行对比。两者结果吻合良好,表明所采用的有限元模型是合理的。分析结果表明,相比于普通钢管混凝土结构,圆端形钢管混凝土双肢柱具有承受大偏心荷载的性能。     

土工合成材料约束碎石桩承载特性研究

土工合成材料约束碎石桩作为一种新型软土地基处理技术在工程中广泛应用,其单桩承载力取决于土工合成材料抗拉强度和土的工程性质。通过对土工合成材料、碎石桩及地基土的相互作用机理进行分析,提出了考虑土工合成材料约束拉力与土体围压的桩身强度计算方法,进而推导出考虑上部荷载作用的,由桩身强度控制的单桩极限承载力计算方法,并采用MATLAB编写了计算程序,根据得出的单桩极限承载力计算了土工合成材料拉力沿深度的分布,结合一算例说明了计算所需要的参数及计算过程,成果可为土工合成材料碎石桩的设计提供计算依据。     

Drainage principles and the use of geosynthetics

Drainage is defined as the process of transporting liquid from one location to another. The focus of this paper is to examine basic subsurface drainage principles, and demonstrate how and why liquids are effectively transported from one location to another using geosynthetic materials in place of traditional construction materials.     

矩形中空夹层钢管混凝土轴压构件的试验研究

对6根矩形中空夹层钢管混凝土和1根矩形实心钢管混凝土短柱试件进行轴压试验,研究了内外钢管的长宽比对短柱的力学性能的影响。试验结果表明:比较内管相同的试件,外管截面尺寸较大者其轴压承载力略高;比较外管相同的试件,由于混凝土的减少和内管的局部屈曲,轴压承载力随内管的增大略有下降,本次试验中的实心钢管混凝土短柱的轴压承载力略高于中空夹层钢管混凝土短柱。同时用ABAQUS有限元软件对试件轴压全过程进行了模拟,计算结果与试验结果吻合良好。