Motivation, comportements organisationnels discrétionnaires et bien-être en milieu Africain: Quand le devoir oblige?

This study tested an organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB) model based on the motivational model of job burnout (MMJB) with Gabonese employees (N = 146). It was hypothesized that to the degree that employees perceive their supervisors as promoting their autonomy, competence and relatedness, their motivation at work will be more self-determined. Supervisory style and motivation would then predict job satisfaction, which in turn influences life satisfaction. Work motivation and job satisfaction should also determine OCB and the latter should then influence life satisfaction. Structural equation modeling analyses overall support the model. However, altruism OCB was negatively related to self-determined motivations, which then negatively predicted life satisfaction. These results support SDT's prediction that a behaviour regulated by non-self-determined motivations will negatively affect well-being. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Self-determined motivation predicts independent, home-based exercise following cardiac rehabilitation.

Objective: To investigate self-determined motivation as a predictor of exercise behavior 3 and 6 weeks following completion of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) as well as the relationship between psychological need satisfaction and self-determined motivation to exercise. Participants and Design: CR outpatients (n = 68; Mage = 64.90 ± 8.86 years). The design was correlational (cross-sectional and prospective), with psychological need satisfaction predicting self-determined motivation at the completion of CR and self-determined motivation predicting exercise behavior at 3- and 6-week follow-ups. Results: Psychological need satisfaction for competence predicted self-determined motivation to exercise (β = .32, p pr2 = .08). Self-determined motivation at the end of CR was correlated with exercise behavior at 3-week follow-up (r(68) = .22, p R2adjusted = .11; β = .35, p Conclusion: CR participants who report higher levels of psychological need satisfaction regarding exercise report greater self-determined motivation. Greater self-determined motivation to exercise, in turn, relates to higher levels of subsequent independent exercise behavior. Nurturing psychological needs and self-determined motivation during CR may assist participants in maintaining exercise following CR. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Facilitating optimal motivation and psychological well-being across life's domains.

[Correction Notice: An erratum for this article was reported in Vol 49(3) of Canadian Psychology/Psychologie canadienne (see record 2008-10897-013). Figure 1 on page 17 was incorrect. The correct figure is printed in the text.] Self-determination theory (SDT) differentiates motivation, with autonomous and controlled motivations constituting the key, broad distinction. Research has shown that autonomous motivation predicts persistence and adherence and is advantageous for effective performance, especially on complex or heuristic tasks that involve deep information processing or creativity. Autonomous motivation is also reliably related to psychological health. Considerable research has found interpersonal contexts that facilitate satisfaction of the basic psychological needs for competence, autonomy, and relatedness to enhance autonomous motivation, which comprises intrinsic motivation and well-internalized extrinsic motivation. SDT has been applied in varied cultures and in many life domains, and research is reviewed that has related autonomous and controlled motivation to education, parenting, work, health care, sport, and close relationships. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Correction to Deci and Ryan.

Reports an error in "Facilitating optimal motivation and psychological well-being across life's domains" by Edward L. Deci and Richard M. Ryan (Canadian Psychology/Psychologie Canadienne, 2008[Feb], Vol 49[1], 14-23). Figure 1 on page 17 was incorrect. The correct figure is printed in the text. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2008-03783-002.) Self-determination theory (SDT) differentiates motivation, with autonomous and controlled motivations constituting the key, broad distinction. Research has shown that autonomous motivation predicts persistence and adherence and is advantageous for effective performance, especially on complex or heuristic tasks that involve deep information processing or creativity. Autonomous motivation is also reliably related to psychological health. Considerable research has found interpersonal contexts that facilitate satisfaction of the basic psychological needs for competence, autonomy, and relatedness to enhance autonomous motivation, which comprises intrinsic motivation and well-internalized extrinsic motivation. SDT has been applied in varied cultures and in many life domains, and research is reviewed that has related autonomous and controlled motivation to education, parenting, work, health care, sport, and close relationships. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Traitement de l'obésité: Soutenir l'individu dans l'appropriation de sa démarche.

Obesity is a serious and prevalent health problem that has numerous negative consequences (World Health Organisation, 1998). Body image dissatisfaction has been recognised as an important psychosocial correlate of obesity. Confronted with the thin-ideal model promoted by our society, most overweight or obese women are preoccupied with their body and want to lose excess weight in order to reduce the gap between their actual and desired weight. They also strive to attain this thin-ideal but unreachable model. Although, the underpinnings of obesity are quite clear (i.e., a discrepancy between energy intake and energy expenditure) its treatment is far more complicated. Treatments of obesity, relying essentially on reducing calorie intake while increasing physical activity, seem to be effective in terms of initial weight loss but are often ineffective in terms of long-term maintenance. It is important to identify the potential psychosocial factors that might be involved in the explanation of maintenance failure. This article, discusses obesity and reviews the traditional treatments and their efficacy. The article outlines, based on Self-Determination Theory (SDT), a clinical conceptualisation of maintenance failure. Self-determination has been widely used as a theoretical framework for understanding behavioural change. Recently, empirical findings have supported the relevance of SDT in the comprehension of weight problems. Pelletier and his colleagues (2004) have shown that self-determination is negatively associated with the endorsement of sociocultural pressures to be thin, body dissatisfaction and bulimic symptoms. In addition, they demonstrated that women presenting a self-determined regulation of their alimentation (as compared to women whose regulation is not self-determined) are more preoccupied with the quality of their food than with its quantity, perceive themselves as self-efficient in the regulation their alimentation, engage in more healthful eating behaviours and manifest better psychological functioning. Concurrently, some studies have shown that self-determination is linked to treatment adherence, quantity of weight loss and maintenance. These results clearly indicate the importance of relying not only on the intensity of motivation but also on examining the nature of that motivation in order to understand weight loss and maintenance. Moreover, the distinction between intensity and nature of motivation must be taken into account in our clinical explanation of maintenance failures. Furthermore, although autonomy-support is an essential component of SDT, up until now studies on SDT have been conducted in intensive weight loss programs, programs that are not optimizing autonomy-support. This situation shows an important gap between theory and practice. In reference to a new paradigm of weight management (health at every size approach), our article encourages the development of interventions that will promote autonomy-support and suggests a more extensive participation of psychologists in the development and the empirical validation of such interventions. We conclude with some guidelines to promote autonomy-support in weight management interventions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Self-determination theory: A macrotheory of human motivation, development, and health.

Self-determination theory (SDT) is an empirically based theory of human motivation, development, and wellness. The theory focuses on types, rather than just amount, of motivation, paying particular attention to autonomous motivation, controlled motivation, and amotivation as predictors of performance, relational, and well-being outcomes. It also addresses the social conditions that enhance versus diminish these types of motivation, proposing and finding that the degrees to which basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness are supported versus thwarted affect both the type and strength of motivation. SDT also examines people's life goals or aspirations, showing differential relations of intrinsic versus extrinsic life goals to performance and psychological health. In this introduction we also briefly discuss recent developments within SDT concerning mindfulness and vitality, and highlight the applicability of SDT within applied domains, including work, relationships, parenting, education, virtual environments, sport, sustainability, health care, and psychotherapy. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Promoting self-determined motivation for exercise in cardiac rehabilitation: The role of autonomy support.

Objective: Using self-determination theory (SDT), we examined relationships between cardiac rehabilitation (CR) participants’ perceived autonomy support, motivation for exercise, and exercise behavior. Research Method/Design: Male CR outpatients (N = 53; Mage = 62.83 ± 10.78 years). The design was correlational (cross-sectional and prospective), examining relationships between perceived autonomy support and motivation for exercise at Week 4 of CR participation as well as motivation and CR attendance and other indicators of exercise behavior (frequency, duration, total exercise time) at a 1-week follow-up, 10 weeks later. Results: Perceived autonomy support was correlated with self-determined motivation, r(53) = .32, p r(53) = .34, p R2 = .27; β = .52, p     

A Prospective Study of Participation in Optional School Physical Education Using a Self-Determination Theory Framework.

This study examined whether contextual and personal motivational variables, taken from self-determination theory, could predict student cognitive and affective experiences in school physical education (PE), as well as participation in optional PE in the following school year. Structural equation modeling analysis with a sample of 302 British adolescents showed that need support provided by the PE teachers was related to student need satisfaction, which in turn predicted self-determined motivation. The latter predicted directly various motivational indices and indirectly future participation in optional PE. Furthermore, multivariate analysis of variance tests showed that those who opted for PE (n = 171), compared with those who did not (n = 131), reported more positive motivational experiences in the previous school year. The findings call for the promotion of self-determined motivation in PE in order to enhance student positive experiences and participation rates. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Favoriser la motivation optimale et la santé mentale dans les divers milieux de vie.

Self-determination theory (SDT) differentiates motivation, with autonomous and controlled motivations constituting the key, broad distinction. Research has shown that autonomous motivation predicts persistence and adherence and is advantageous for effective performance, especially on complex or heuristic tasks that involve deep information processing or creativity. Autonomous motivation is also reliably related to psychological health. Considerable research has found interpersonal contexts that facilitate satisfaction of the basic psychological needs for competence, autonomy, and relatedness to enhance autonomous motivation, which comprises intrinsic motivation and well-internalized extrinsic motivation. SDT has been applied in varied cultures and in many life domains, and research is reviewed that has related autonomous and controlled motivation to education, parenting, work, health care, sport, and close relationships. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

L'appariement des styles de motivation et l'évolution de la satisfaction conjugale.

Examined whether couples tend to adopt self-determined motivational styles and observed the relationship between couples, motivation style pairings and marital satisfaction. The sample consisted of 226 married or cohabiting couples participating on a voluntary basis. 87 couples completed the questionnaires a 2nd time 36 mo later. The instruments used were the Couple Motivation Questionnaire and the Dyadic Adjustment Scale. Results showed that there is a significant relationship between women's and men's motivations to live together. The most frequent couples' pattern of pairing was 2 people with self-determined motivational styles. Furthermore, this couple pattern was related to higher marital satisfaction. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Sources of social support and burnout, job satisfaction, and productivity.

Social support has been identified as an important correlate of a variety of work outcomes. Support from different sources, including family, coworkers, and supervisors, was examined in 211 traffic enforcement agents (92 men, 119 women). Outcomes included subjective variables (burnout and job satisfaction) and an objective measure of productivity (number of summonses). Support was negatively associated with burnout and positively associated with satisfaction and productivity. A cluster of support variables accounted for 7% of the variance in burnout and productivity and 12% of the variance in job satisfaction. Family support was more closely associated with burnout than with satisfaction or productivity, whereas immediate supervisor support was related to satisfaction and productivity but not burnout. Results suggest that support may be associated with work-related outcomes through multiple pathways. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Optimal learning in optimal contexts: The role of self-determination in education.

This literature review provides an overview of education studies that have been guided by self-determination theory (SDT). First, the authors examine studies that have assessed motivation based on SDT. Second, the authors detail research that has focussed on the linkages between motivation types and students' behavioural, affective, and cognitive outcomes. Third, the authors present studies on how learning contexts (parents, teachers) contribute to students' motivational resources. The authors conclude that the motivation types proposed by SDT are important for understanding how students thrive and succeed at school. The authors also highlight the significant role played by teachers and parents in the development of student motivation. The authors conclude with a summary of the benefits of self-motivation for learning and offer some recommendations for the field. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Can self-determination theory explain what underlies the productive, satisfying learning experiences of collectivistically oriented Korean students?

Recognizing recent criticisms concerning the cross-cultural generalizability of self-determination theory (SDT), the authors tested the SDT view that high school students in collectivistically oriented South Korea benefit from classroom experiences of autonomy support and psychological need satisfaction. In Study 1, experiences of autonomy, competence, and relatedness underlaid Korean students’ most satisfying learning experiences, and experiences of low autonomy and low competence underlaid their least satisfying learning experiences. In Study 2, psychological need satisfaction experiences were associated with productive (achievement and engagement) and satisfying (intrinsic motivation and proneness to negative affect) student outcomes. Study 3 replicated and extended Study 2’s structural equation modeling findings by showing that the hypothesized model explained students’ positive outcomes even after controlling for cultural and parental influences, including the collectivistic value orientation. Study 4 replicated the earlier cross-sectional findings with a semester-long prospective 3-wave design. The authors discuss how the findings support the motivation theory’s cross-cultural generalizability. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A meta-analytic examination of work and general locus of control.

The current meta-analysis examined the hypothesized consequences of work and general locus of control. As expected, work locus of control generally yielded stronger relationships with work-related criteria (e.g., job satisfaction, affective commitment, and burnout) than general locus of control. We also found some evidence that general locus of control yielded relatively stronger relationships with general criteria (e.g., life satisfaction, affective commitment, and burnout). Regression analysis found several unique effects for both work and general locus of control. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Understanding motivation for exercise: A self-determination theory perspective.

Understanding the factors that motivate health-enhancing physical activity has considerable merit given the role of this lifestyle behaviour in combating disease and promoting quality of life. The purpose of this article is to provide a broad overview of research investigating participation issues in exercise from the perspective of self-determination theory (SDT; Deci & Ryan, 2002). Evidence informing the application of SDT to the study of motivational issues in exercise is reviewed around three central questions: (a) Does the quality of motivation regulating exercise behaviour "matter"?, (b) How important are basic psychological needs within exercise contexts?, and (c) Can contextual variables be manipulated to create adaptive environments for exercise? The available evidence is supportive of many propositions set forth within SDT by Deci and Ryan's work (2002). Future avenues for exercise motivation research are offered based on the available evidence with a view to addressing unresolved issues and advancing SDT's development. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Correctional psychologist burnout, job satisfaction, and life satisfaction.

Corrections is a stressful environment, but do correctional psychologists experience greater levels of occupational burnout and life stress than other public sector and nonpublic sector psychologists? Data collected from 203 doctoral level psychologists including correctional (CR; n = 44), Veteran's Affairs (VA; n = 56), public psychiatric hospital (PPH; n = 54), and university counseling centers (CC; n = 49) indicated that CR psychologists do experience significantly more occupational burnout relative to VA and CC psychologists. Furthermore, CR and PPH psychologists reported significantly less job satisfaction than CC psychologists. Although psychologists working in PPH settings reported significantly lower levels of life satisfaction than VA and CC psychologists this was not the case for CR psychologists. Professional identity related to occupational setting emerged as a significant predictor of occupational burnout. Implications of these findings are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The interactive effects of work-induced guilt and ability to manage resources on job and life satisfaction.

American workers are spending more time at work and less time at home than ever before-a consequence of which is an inability to devote adequate attention to nonwork activities. Utilizing a literal replication format (Lykken, 1968), the authors conducted two studies to examine the effects of work-induced guilt and the ability to manage work resources on job and life satisfaction. The authors found that work-induced guilt had its most negative association on job and life satisfaction when individuals were unable to manage work resources. Interestingly, the authors also found that work-induced guilt led to increases in job and life satisfaction when coupled with the ability to manage resources. Implications for theory and practice, strengths and limitations, and future research directions are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Work and Nonwork Satisfaction: A Causal-Correlational Analysis.

Possible directions of causality between work satisfaction and nonwork satisfaction were inferred from a causal-correlational analysis of questionnaire measures of the two variables. The measures were collected from 73 first-line managers on two occasions, which were separated by an interval of 12 months. The results strongly suggest that the direction of causality from work to nonwork satisfaction is stronger than that in the opposite direction. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A multigroup analysis of the job demands-resources model in four home care organizations.

The job demands-resources (JD-R) model was tested in a study among 3,092 employees working in 1 of 4 different home care organizations. The central assumption in the model is that burnout develops when certain job demands are high and when job resources are limited because such negative working conditions lead to energy depletion and undermine worker motivation and learning opportunities, respectively. A series of multigroup structural equation modeling analyses provide strong evidence for the JD-R model. Specifically, results showed that job demands are primarily and positively related to the exhaustion component of burnout, whereas job resources are primarily related to cynicism (negatively) and professional efficacy (positively). The theoretical and practical implications of the JD-R model are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Workload and the trajectory of marital satisfaction in newlyweds: Job satisfaction, gender, and parental status as moderators.

Stress, on average, is bad for relationships. Yet stress at work is not always associated with negative relationship outcomes. The premise of the current study was that associations between workload and trajectories of marital satisfaction depend on circumstances that may constrain or facilitate partners' ability to negotiate their multiple roles. We hypothesized that the covariance between changes in workload and marital satisfaction over time should be moderated by (a) the extent to which spouses like their work, (b) their parental status, and (c) their gender. Analyses drawing upon eight waves of data on workload, work satisfaction, and marital satisfaction from 169 newlywed couples assessed over four years confirmed these predictions. Specifically, across couples, demands at work covaried positively with marital satisfaction for spouses who were more satisfied with their jobs. For nonparent couples, increases in husbands' workload covaried with increases in marital satisfaction for both spouses. For parent couples, however, increases in husbands' workload covaried with declines in marital satisfaction for both spouses. Unexpectedly, for parent couples, increases in wives' workload corresponded with increased marital satisfaction. Finally, consistent with predictions, wives were more affected by their husbands' workload than vice versa. Thus, tension between work and marriage is not inevitable, instead depending on circumstances that facilitate or impair performance in multiple roles. Couples, employers, and practitioners should recognize the role that external circumstances play in determining how work and marital life interact. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)