微粉级氢氧化铝的干燥的研究

通过半工业扩大实验，验证了一种将浆叶式干燥与旋转闪蒸干燥相结合用于干燥微粉级氢氧化铝的新方法。     

洞道式干燥器烘干湿法铁红

介绍了采用硫酸生产过程中产生的废热空气通过洞道式干燥器烘干湿法铁红,着重介绍了该干燥器的结构、干燥原理及热风量控制。讨论了洞道式干燥器的长度、宽度、高度的选择,热空气进入方式和排气口的设置,以提高其热空气的利用率。     

新式流化床在PVC树脂干燥上的应用

介绍了株洲化工厂从日本引进的单级内热式流化床干燥工艺和设备参数，对不同干燥方法的优、缺点作了比较，并对内热式流化床为什么节能效果显著作了对比分析。     

微粉级氢氧化铝的干燥方法的研究

通过半工业扩大实验 ,验证了一种将桨叶式干燥与旋转闪蒸干燥相结合用于干燥微粉级氢氧化铝的新方法。     

薄层干燥技术的研究进展

简要介绍了各种类型的薄层干燥方程,并对薄层干燥技术在农产品、水产品、中药材及其他产品干燥特性研究中的应用进行综合评述。     

胡萝卜的缓苏作用及其在振动流化床中的间断干燥

对胡萝卜片（或块）在通气式振动流化床中干燥时各种参数对于干燥时间的影响作了初步的定量研究。绘制了各种参数对胡萝卜干燥时间的关系曲线，通过绘制通用干燥曲线得到时间、干燥速度及湿含量的影响关联式。并指出，对胡萝卜等蔬果物料采用变温干燥及间断干燥，对节能和提高质量均有重要意义。     

螺旋盘管干燥机在白炭黑干燥中的应用

对当前国产白炭黑干燥工艺及设备存在的产量、质量、能耗及投资运转费用等一系列问题进行了分析探讨,并对一种新型高效节能干燥设备——隧道式螺旋盘管干燥机在白炭黑干燥中的应用进行了试验研究。试验结果表明,该干燥机干燥强度大,热效率高,能使白炭黑的干燥时间比传统干燥方法缩短许多倍,大大地提高了白炭黑干燥的生产效率,降低了能耗,具有广泛的实用价值。     

苜蓿干燥特性与品质的试验研究

在薄层干燥实验台上研究了苜蓿的干燥特性和干燥条件对营养品质的影响规律，得出了相关结论。通过对苜蓿茎杆压扁破裂处理后的干燥试验发现，干燥后茎杆和叶片间的含水率差值明显下降，干燥速度可提高2．O-2．5倍。且可保持茎叶完整和芳香气味，并可大大降低营养成分的损失。     

氢氧化铝微粉二级干燥系统的开发与应用

通过试验研究、技术性分析和经济性分析，设计开发了氢氧化铝二级干燥系统，并将其应用于工业实践．提出了一种全新的组合干燥方式——桨叶—闪蒸干燥。     

脉动流化干燥过程的实验研究

将热气体引入流化床，对流化床中的矩形波脉动干燥过程进行了实验研究。实验中使用了小米和硅胶两种物料，考察了物料湿含量及床层温度变化情况，并将脉动流化干燥与无脉动流化干燥效果进行比较，发现小米在一定的脉动条件下能够节能，而硅胶的节能效果不明显。文章还对气流脉动流化干燥的应用和进一步研究方向进行了分析和展望。     

IMPROVING ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN COMBINED MICROWAVE-CONVECITVE DRYING

Convective-microwave drying has been recognized as a convenient option for drying of valuable materials. However, the advantages of the method must be carefully evaluated in order to establish the limits for full scale operating conditions because, as demonstrated in this work, the reduction in the absolute drying time as a function of the applied microwave power is devalued by an increase in the unabsorbed microwave energy, decreasing the overall energy efficiency of the drying process.

Experimental study of the energy efficiency of combined microwave-convective drying of agar gel and Gelidium seaweeds was carried out in a laboratory scale microwave-convective dryer by continuously following the absorption of microwave energy by the sample as well as the change of the sample mass during the drying process, under different operating conditions. Several drying strategies based on the on-off application of the microwave power were proposed and evaluated from the point of view of both drying kinetics and energy efficiency in order to program and rationalize the use of microwave energy in the combined microwave-convective drying process.     

IMPROVING ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN COMBINED MICROWAVE-CONVECITVE DRYING

ABSTRACT

Convective-microwave drying has been recognized as a convenient option for drying of valuable materials. However, the advantages of the method must be carefully evaluated in order to establish the limits for full scale operating conditions because, as demonstrated in this work, the reduction in the absolute drying time as a function of the applied microwave power is devalued by an increase in the unabsorbed microwave energy, decreasing the overall energy efficiency of the drying process.

Experimental study of the energy efficiency of combined microwave-convective drying of agar gel and Gelidium seaweeds was carried out in a laboratory scale microwave-convective dryer by continuously following the absorption of microwave energy by the sample as well as the change of the sample mass during the drying process, under different operating conditions. Several drying strategies based on the on-off application of the microwave power were proposed and evaluated from the point of view of both drying kinetics and energy efficiency in order to program and rationalize the use of microwave energy in the combined microwave-convective drying process.     

Condebelt Drying of Paper and Paper board for Optiemizing Quality and Production for Many Cpades

The development history of the Condebelt paper and paperboard drying method is briefly described. The process conditions experienced by the web during Condebelt drying are essentially similar to those prevailing in the so-called press drying experiments. In fact, condebelt drying produces. qualitywise, results quite similar to those reported by press drying researchers from many laboratories. condebelt drying has been studied over a span of many years by means of several static units, as well as a pilot stage dynamic device. Based on these experiences, as well as several theoretical studies, designs have been developed for doing Condebelt drying as a production process. Condebelt drying is versatile, in that the process conditions can be altered to produce optimum quality for most paper and board grades. In this capability the Condebelt process is much superior to canventional cylinder drying. The very high drying rates characteristic of Condebelt dryers are discussed, along with the Consequences as far as machine room space saving is concerned. The good energy consumption prospects of the Condebelt process are briefly discussed.     

Condebelt Drying of Paper and Paper board for Optiemizing Quality and Production for Many Cpades

ABSTRACT

The development history of the Condebelt paper and paperboard drying method is briefly described. The process conditions experienced by the web during Condebelt drying are essentially similar to those prevailing in the so–called press drying experiments. In fact, condebelt drying produces. qualitywise, results quite similar to those reported by press drying researchers from many laboratories. condebelt drying has been studied over a span of many years by means of several static units, as well as a pilot stage dynamic device. Based on these experiences, as well as several theoretical studies, designs have been developed for doing Condebelt drying as a production process. Condebelt drying is versatile, in that the process conditions can be altered to produce optimum quality for most paper and board grades. In this capability the Condebelt process is much superior to canventional cylinder drying. The very high drying rates characteristic of Condebelt dryers are discussed, along with the Consequences as far as machine room space saving is concerned. The good energy consumption prospects of the Condebelt process are briefly discussed.     

High‐Pressure Treatment of Wood – Combination of Mechanical and Thermal Drying in the “I/D Process”

Thermal drying of materials with internal pores is always a time‐consuming and energy‐intensive step within a production process. For chemical and pharmaceutical mass products and, in particular, for wood as an important raw material it is desirable to reduce the water content before thermal treatment by mechanical operations. The wood‐processing industry, facing a rising stress of competition, is forced more than ever to offer high‐quality products at lowest prices. Today, drying of timber is mostly done by air drying or by technical drying in kiln dryers. In any case, drying is necessary to prevent deterioration in quality by shrinkage, formation of cracks, discoloration or infestation. A new process of dewatering wood by combining mechanical and thermal means has been developed at the University of Karlsruhe. Compared to conventional drying processes, short drying times and a low residual moisture content can be achieved and, thus, energy consumption and costs can be reduced. In industrial wood drying only thermal processes (e.g., convective kiln drying, vacuum drying, etc.) have been established because so far no method has been known for removing liquid by mechanical force without significant change in wood structure. With the new I/D process chances for alternatives to conventional thermal drying or for mechanothermal applications are offered.     

Freeze drying process: real time model and optimization

Freeze drying is a separation process based on the sublimation phenomenon. This process has the following advantages compared to the conventional drying process: the material structure is maintained, moisture is removed at low temperature (reduced transport rates), product stability during the storage is increased, the fast transition of the moisturized product to be dehydrated minimizes several degradation reactions. Freeze drying process has not been studied well enough. In order to put it to practice, a mathematical model based on fundamental mass and energy balance equations has been developed, based on a deterministic mathematical model proposed by Liapis and Sadikoglu [Drying Technol. 15 (3–4) (1997) 791], and used to calculate the amount of removed water and amount of residual water. The proposed model contains the freeze drying equations, which are solved by the orthogonal collocation and polynomial approximation—Jacobi method. The results show that the dynamic mathematical model represents well the process and is especially well suited for real time optimization. As a case study to illustrate the model utilization in a real time optimization procedure, the freeze drying process was optimized by the method of Successive Quadratic Programming (SQP) used for solution of non-linear equations, for skimmed milk and soluble coffee. The optimization procedure showed to be an important tool to improve the process performance since lower energy consumption and hence lower cost has been achieved to obtain the product with the same quality.     

Waste Heat Integration of Coating Paper Machine Drying Process

The paper sheet drying process consumes about 70% of the total energy required in coated papermaking, and almost all the thermal energy used in the process can be found in the exhaust air; thus, it has significant potential to recover the heat. With the aim of saving energy, the recovered energy is usually used to heat different process streams instead of steam.

This article examines the drying process of an operating coating paper machine to demonstrate an optimization method. To study the possibility of improving energy efficiency, thermodynamic analysis was conducted. The reasons why there is so much heat lost during drying were investigated. Based on the results of the energy and exergy analysis, a new waste heat integration scheme is presented. Furthermore, the performance of the proposed scheme has been evaluated. The results of the case study show an energy efficiency improvement of 7.3% and a specific energy consumption reduction of 4.6% with profitable investments.     

火焰喷雾干燥

阐述了一种新型的喷雾干燥方法,即伴随雾化介质被点燃的喷雾干燥,称为火焰喷雾干燥．并提供了初步研究结果。火焰喷雾干燥过程中溶剂蒸发所需能量来自于燃烧喷雾介质中的易燃组分。此种方法不但可以干燥舍有可燃溶剂的溶液、浆料、乳剂或糊剂,而且可以通过添加与干燥产品类型和用途相关的可燃物对非易燃物干燥。因动力源直接位于喷雾,蒸发区域中,不但可以较好地利用能源、减少载能体的消耗,而且可以减少有害气体的排放。火焰喷雾干燥过程的载能体包括多种类型可燃性液体组分,例如来自可再生能源的生物乙醇或植物油。可燃性喷雾组分浓度的选择是火焰喷雾干燥过程的基本。因此本文阐述了浓度对所得产品品质的影响。研究了两种不同热敏性的物料,即麦芽糖糊精溶液和陶瓷材料的悬浮液。研究表明,火焰喷雾干燥过程是目前干燥方法中一种有趣的替代方法,首先可用于干燥低热敏性材料,如陶瓷材料。     

Energy system diagnosis of paper-drying process,Part 1: Energy performance assessment

Paper drying is a highly energy-intensive and complicated multivariate process. The dryer section plays an important role in the energy consumption of a paper machine, especially of thermal energy. A comprehensive method for assessing the energy performance of the dryer section was investigated in this study to improve energy efficiency. This method was divided into three component processes: energy and evaporation load audit, field test and observation, and energy flow analysis and energy efficiency estimation. In a case study, we found that the method could, in addition to analyzing the key factors that restrict drying efficiency, also depict the details of energy consumption clearly. At the same time, several significant energy-saving measures were suggested to improve the energy efficiency of the paper-drying process.     

Enhancing the Energy Efficiency of Domestic Dryer by Drying Process Optimization

The domestic tumble dryers are becoming indispensable household appliances and responsible for up to 10% of the total residential energy use in developed countries. However, their energy efficiency is low. In this paper, the development of a multi-sensor computer-controlled prototype platform for fabric drying is described for improving the efficiency of dryers. The prototype platform enables the real-time control and recording of key drying parameters including heater power, air flow velocity, rotating speed of drying drum, and drying cycle time. These parameters are automatically adjusted according to the exhaust air humidity instead of the temperature which is used traditionally. Additionally, a new drying model of dividing the drying process into four stages based on the humidity of the exhaust air has been investigated to further increase the energy saving. The performance of this staged drying model is experimentally evaluated in respect to energy consumption, drying time, and the smoothness of fabric after drying. The results clearly indicate that the staged controlling of heating power input not only decreases energy consumption by 21.5%, but also improves the fabric smoothness by 0.9 grade compared to using a single heating power input for the whole drying process. The research outcome can enable the design and production of new dryers that are more energy efficient and lead to dried clothes that require less ironing, which in turn further reduces energy consumption.