基于产品生命周期的汽车供应商动态选择模型

针对电子商务环境下汽车行业供应商的评价和选择,结合产品生命周期导入、成长、成熟及衰退期等不同阶段的供应链设计研发能力、服务水平及成本产品策略属性,综合考虑供应商的研发、质量、成本、服务和响应能力供应行为,利用模糊关系函数构建基于模糊语言评估的OWA算子的供应商动态选择多属性决策模型,选出模糊环境下不同产品生命周期阶段符合汽车供应链产品策略的供应商.     

面向包装与产品生命周期的供应链建模

在面向包装和产品的生命周期的供应链中,包装供应商、产品生产商、产品销售商、消费者和回收商是主要参与者.具体分析了他们的工作流程,并分析了其中的物流、信息流和资金流的一般模式.最后基于整个供应链中包装和产品的生命周期过程的分析,提出了该供应链系统的概念模型,有利于后期系统程序的开发.     

供应链的生命周期

探讨了供应链的生命周期及其各阶段的基本特征，并运用信息经济学等理论分析了供应链生命周期的影响因素，重点阐述了合作企业缺乏协调、信息不对称以及合同的不完备对供应链生命周期的影响；最后，从合作伙伴的选择等4个方面提出了改善供应链生命周期的具体措施。     

考虑运费的短生命周期产品供应链集成模型

一般的供应链集成问题都是忽略机器故障、产品检查以及运输成本,然而,这些因素对生产计划的制定也是有很大影响的。因此,在考虑机器故障、返修费用和担保费用,以及短生命周期产品库存成本随着时间呈非线关系的情况下,建立了短生命周期产品供应链集成模型,研究分析了运输费用、返修费用和担保费用对最优生产批量和单位时间总成本的影响,同时比较了考虑机器故障与运输费用对短生命周期产品在生产策略上的一些区别,得到了一些有价值的结论。     

基于服务产品的服务供应链设计

在结合服务供应链自身特性的基础上,提出了基于服务产品的服务供应链集成化设计过程.该过程主要包括服务供应链构建的需求分析、服务产品的设计、服务供应链类型的确定、服务供应链成员的选择与确定、服务供应链的形成与运行等5个方面.结果表明,服务供应链设计将更多地采用精益供应链和精益敏捷型供应链相结合的集成化设计方式.以天津宝运物流股份公司为例,介绍了该公司进行服务供应链设计的主要策略.     

全生命周期服务供应链牛鞭效应振荡行为分析

为有效应对激烈竞争,大型装备制造企业纷纷为顾客提供基于核心产品的全生命周期服务:如核心零部件的维修保养、更新升级服务,这种全生命周期的管理使得传统制造供应链向服务供应链转变。有别于传统制造供应链,这种供应链由服务带动产品的需求,服务需求逐级放大导致服务能力闲置以及大量的产品库存,而制造策略不当就会导致产品故障无法及时排除,服务订单无法及时完成,引起服务质量下降,进而导致服务需求骤降。因此,测量及抑制服务供应链的能力及服务订单积压振荡行为具有重要意义。为解决上述问题,建立系统动力学模型,提出服务供应链牛鞭效应的管控策略。     

我国绿色物流发展问题浅析

分析我国发展绿色物流的必要性和重要性,并以供应链管理理论为基础,通过分析供应链中各项物流活动和产品生命周期的各个阶段对环境造成的影响,就如何发展绿色物流提出了相应的建议.     

具有时变参数的短生命周期产品供应链协调

技术和需求的快速变化,使得时间竞争成为短生命周期产品最重要的竞争战略.压缩订货提前期在提高销售商需求预测精度的同时却使制造商的生产成本增加,分析了分散决策下提前期压缩对供应链成员利润的影响,提出采用收益共享契约进行供应链协调.研究证明选择恰当的利润分配系数能够使供应链达到Pareto优化,而利润分配系数的取值范围与订货提前期有关,随着提前期的压缩,其取值范围逐渐缩小.最后用一个算例进行了说明.     

短生命周期特征产品的二级供应链定价博弈分析

针对短生命周期产品的供应链利润最大化问题,建立并分析了二级供应链上制造商和销售商之间的非合作和合作定价博弈模型,得出供应链系统在成员合作情形下才能达到利润最大化的结论,并探讨了合作利润的分配机制,证明了在长期博弈中成员之间通过合作达到双赢的可行性。     

一类短生命周期产品的回购合同

在考虑短生命周期产品具有价格弹性的随机需求情况下,研究了基于供应链环境下的短生命周期产品回购合同策略,分别分析了零售商和供应商在没有协调情况下各自的最优决策以及在回购合同协调下双方的最优决策,推导出了在回购合同下零售商的最佳订货量和最优零售价,以及供应商的最优回购价格的取值范围,并通过数值分析,验证了在回购合同下双方的最优决策能使供应链的整体利润达到集中控制下的最优状态.     

A novel framework for analyzing the green value of food supply chain based on life cycle assessment

The environmental impact is one of the major pillars of concerns when addressing the sustainability of food supply chain. In life cycle assessment of food supply chain, a particular environmental impact category from farming to distribution is aggregated. These values are widely used in determining which supply chain is performing more environmentally sound on the basis of a particular impact category. However, when different categories of environmental impacts are represented in one matrix, different impact categories can exhibit increasing and decreasing trends simultaneously for the same product. Moreover, different impact categories have different units of measurement. All of these factors make it difficult to clearly prefer one supply chain to the other. Therefore, a quantifiable indicator is desirable for each individual product which can represent all impact categories for a single product through a single index and can be easily comparable during decision making. This paper presents a new framework to compute a single index based on Life cycle assessment using vector space theory. This index can be utilized to compare the environmental sustainability among various food supply chains. The index is named as green value of a supply chain. The use of this proposed green value is explained through three case studies with different goals, scopes, system boundaries, and functional units. It is also shown that how the order of green value varies by changing the functional unit of the same product. The contribution of green value is the better interpretation of Life cycle assessment result for the purpose of decision making and is easily understandable to customers, manufacturers, policy makers, and other stakeholders.     

A Study of the Bullwhip Effect for Short Life Cycle Products in Supply Chain Management

Shorter product life cycles present new challenges to managing production and logistics not adequately addressed in supply chain literature.This research addresses issues pertaining to the management of supply chains in a short life cycle environment.In this paper,we study the short life cycle environment;then we develop the optimal inventory policy of the indirect manufacturer by explicitly using his demand as an output of the retailer's optimal ordering policy.Finally,we also provide causes of the bullwhi...     

An Improved Supplier Driven Packaging Design and Development Method for Supply Chain Efficiency

Packaging and the role it plays in supply chain efficiency are overlooked in most design and development research. An opportunity exists to meet the needs of supply chains to increase efficiency. This research presents three propositions on how to reduce the gap between supply chain needs and satisfaction in interaction with the product and packaging system. It also proposes a supply chain focused packaging design and development method to better satisfy supply chain needs placed on packaging. An extensive literature review was conducted, and a Tetra Pak derived case study was developed. The propositions were formulated and became the basis for improving Tetra Pak's existing packaging design and development method by better integrating supply chain needs. This was accomplished by using an expanded operational life cycle perspective that includes the entire supply chain. The resulting supply chain focused packaging design, and development method enables improved supply chain efficiency while considering the product, the processes and cost. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The power of coordinated decisions for short-life-cycle products in a manufacturing and distribution supply chain

This paper explores ways of conceptualizing and studying the power of coordination and strategic alliances within a manufacturing and distribution supply chain consisting of one manufacturer and one distributor. The supply chain operates to meet price-sensitive random demand of a product with a short product life cycle. We derive closed-form multi-attribute measures of performance for the supply chain in the presence of and in the absence of coordination of pricing and production/ordering decisions. The optimal coordinated pricing and production/ordering policies, as well as each party's optimal policies in the absence of coordination, are developed. Our results yield insights into basic managerial issues for this type of manufacturing and distribution supply chains.     

A hybrid optimisation approach to configure a supply chain for new product diffusion: a case study of multiple-sourcing strategy

Configuring a supply chain for a new product is a challenging task due to the lack of historical demand data and the dynamic/uncertain nature of the new product diffusion process. An integrated supply chain configuration (SCC) and new product diffusion (NPD) model is developed to explicitly account for the impact of demand dynamics during a new product's diffusion on an optimal supply chain configuration. Our hybrid NPD-SCC model allows a manufacturer to source from multiple suppliers, vendors or modes for its supply chain entities. Such a multiple-sourcing approach not only helps the manufacturer to diversify its pool of suppliers and maintain bargaining power, but also builds redundancy into the supply chain to hedge against potential demand surge and supply disruption during the new product life cycle. Through a case study and a comprehensive computational study, we find that although the single-sourcing solution is able to achieve lower unit-manufacturing cost (UMC), the multiple-sourcing approach is superior to single-sourcing on the overall supply chain performance in the environment with random supply disruptions. By building-in redundancy as multiple suppliers and modes, the resultant supply chain has less chance of being disrupted and achieves higher overall profit on average. We also draw several other managerial insights closing the gap between some supply chain operations and marketing strategies.     

An empirical investigation of supply chain strategy typologies and relationships to performance

We propose a typology of supply chain management strategies based on data from a large sample of US firms. The resulting typologies and their relationships with firm performance are tested. The result of set correlation analysis on the data revealed six distinct supply chain management typologies, and showed significant statistical relationships with performance. Additional analysis revealed that two of the typologies describe the ideas of velocity, variability, and visibility of supply chains. The paper also discusses the relationship between product life cycle and the supply chain management initiatives that comprise the strategy typologies.     

RMS capacity utilisation: product family and supply chain

The paper contributes to development of RMS through linkage with external stakeholders such as customers and suppliers of parts/raw materials to handle demand fluctuations that necessitate information sharing across the supply chain tiers. RMS is developed as an integrated supply chain hub for adjusting production capacity using a hybrid methodology of decision trees and Markov analysis. The proposed Markov Chain model contributes to evaluate and monitor system reconfigurations required due to changes of product families with consideration of the product life cycles. The simulation findings indicate that system productivity and financial performance in terms of the profit contribution of product-process allocation will vary over configuration stages. The capacity of an RMS with limited product families and/or limited model variants becomes gradually inoperative whilst approaching upcoming configuration stages due to the end of product life cycles. As a result, reconfiguration preparation is suggested quite before ending life cycle of an existing product in process, for switching from a product family to a new/another product family in the production range, subject to its present demand. The proposed model is illustrated through a simplified case study with given product families and transition probabilities.     

面向全生命周期的大规模定制生产模式的研究

针对目前关于大规模定制的研究主要囿于产品族开发的现状,提出了从全生命周期的角度研究大规模定制生产模式的思路。通过分析单件定制、大规模生产和大规模定制三种生产模式之间的差别,形成了面向大规模定制的响应模式,总结出了设计和定制分离、延迟策略以及模块化产品族的特点。提出了面向DFX的产品族设计方法、包含需求配置和工程配置等在内的定制配置过程、基于制造单元的生产线布局规划过程、基于产品族结构和JIT策略的物流网络融合处理、面向并行装配线规划的设计结构矩阵处理算法等内容。     

资金约束时零售商融资与订货决策及价值分析

针对供应链中存在资金约束的情形,建立了包含制造商（M）、零售商（R）双层结构、不考虑残次品率、库存成本和融资周期长短的简洁供应链决策模型。研究了当市场需求不确定和零售商资金不足情形下,零售商选择是否融资这两种情况下,其订货决策的变化,以及零售商和制造商的收益变化。通过有无融资条件下零售商不同数量自有资金时订货量和期望收益对比和零售商自有资本一定时订货量随周期变化的数值分析,证明了零售商的融资决策与订货量决策会随着其自有资金及市场需求的变化而变化;验证了融资可以提高零售商和供应链的收益,而且能够使得供应链的总产品尽快达到最佳产量,有效满足消费者需求。