萧山城市污水处理厂脱氮除磷升级改造实践

萧山城市污水处理厂利用原有处理设施进行提标改造,采用A/A/O工艺,包括新建曝气池和曝气沉砂池,使整个处理流程具备了脱氮除磷功能,出水水质达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB18918—2002)的一级B标准。介绍了改造工程的处理工艺、改造措施及运行情况,可为一些传统污水处理厂升级改造提供参考。     

西安某污水处理厂升级改造工程措施及运行效果

西安某污水处理厂现有规模为20×104 m3/d.本次升级改造工程在充分利用原有设施的基础上,利用现状A2/O工艺结合MBBR工艺,新建深度处理设施,并采用化学辅助除磷,出水水质达到GB 18918-2002《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》的一级A标准.介绍了该工程的工艺流程、构筑物改造和设备配置情况,并对运行调试经验进行总结.     

诸城市昌城镇污水处理厂改造工程设计

诸城市昌城镇污水处理厂原采用速分池工艺,出水水质执行《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918—2002)一级A标准。由于进水水质水量不稳定、屠宰废水增多以及深度处理构筑物的运行不正常,造成出水水质不能达标,尤其是TN、植物油指标,故需要对污水处理厂进行改造。在充分利用原有设施和设备的基础上,采用倒置A2/O工艺对原有设计进行改造,并增加调节水质和去除油类的处理构筑物,运行效果良好。详细介绍了工程的改造目的、改造内容和改造成果。     

光大水务(济南)有限公司二厂一级A提标改造工程设计

光大水务(济南)有限公司二厂处理规模为20×104m3/d,原采用DE型氧化沟处理工艺,为满足《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918—2002)一级A的排放要求,在充分利用原有处理设施的基础上,采用A/A/O原理对原有DE氧化沟设施进行改造,并新建部分污水深度处理设施。介绍了升级改造的思路及具体改造方案,对比分析了改造前后的污水处理效果,运行结果表明:自调试投产至今,各项出水指标均能稳定达到一级A排放标准。该改造工程投资较低(约6 000万元),单位经营成本仅增加0.31元/m3。化学辅助同步除磷系统经一年多的实际运行,并未发现絮凝剂在活性污泥中的积累而导致处理效果的明显下降。     

小型污水处理厂A~2/O工艺提标改造技术措施与运行

在某小型污水处理厂提标改造工程中,通过将常规A2/O工艺进行局部改造和增加深度处理设施等措施,使出水水质达到一级A排放标准。详细介绍了提标改造内容及采取的技术措施,可为类似的小型污水处理厂提供借鉴。     

倒置A~2/O工艺在污水处理改造工程中的应用

倒置A2/O工艺是近年来针对传统A2/O工艺的不足而产生的一种新工艺。某县污水处理厂原设计采用百乐克工艺,运行不久即出现诸多问题,出水不能达标。经改造为倒置A2/O工艺后,出水稳定达到GB 18918-2002《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》的一级A标准。     

兖州市污水处理厂改扩建工程设计

针对兖州市污水处理厂改扩建工程存在的出水水质标准提高、工程规模扩大以及工程可利用面积受限等问题,对污水厂原AB工艺进行了改造:超越原有A段曝气池,将中间沉淀池改造为初沉池;将原B段曝气池改造为A2/O工艺的好氧段,并新建厌、缺氧池,使之成为A2/O工艺。在对原B段曝气池的改造中,采用投加生物填料的HYBASTM工艺(填充率为41.7%)。工程完成后一年的出水水质监测结果表明,出水N、P能够稳定达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918—2002)的一级B标准。     

活性污泥/微滤膜工艺用于十堰市污水处理厂升级改造

介绍了十堰市污水处理厂升级改造工程(规模为11×104m3/d)采用A2/O+MBR工艺的设计及运行情况。该项目不需新增用地,充分利用原有污水处理构筑物并加以适当改造,将出厂水水质由原GB 8978—1996二级标准提高至《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918—2002)一级B标准。     

倒置A2/O 工艺在城镇污水处理厂中的应用

本文结合工程实例,通过介绍污水处理厂存在的一些问题,重点探讨了倒置A2/O工艺在城镇污水处理厂的设计及运行情况。实际运行结果表明,改造后的倒置A2/O工艺满足污水处理的要求,出水稳定达到GB18918-2002《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》的一级A标准。     

西安市第三污水处理厂升级改造工程设计及运行效果

西安市第三污水处理厂升级改造工程设计规模为15×104m3/d,在充分利用原有设施基础上,利用现状氧化沟工艺结合移动床生物膜反应器工艺(MBBR),新建深度处理设施,并采用化学辅助除磷,出水水质达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918—2002)的一级A标准。介绍了工艺流程、构筑物设计和设备配置情况,并对运行调试过程进行了总结。     

Vanadium in foods and in human body fluids and tissues

Using neutron activation analysis, vanadium was analysed in a range of foods, human body fluids and tissues. On the basis of these results and those of other workers, it was concluded that daily dietary intake amounts to some tens of micrograms. Analysis of body fluids (including milk, blood and excreta) and organs and tissues provided an estimate for the total body pool of vanadium in man of about 100 μg. Vanadium was not detectable in blood and urine at the level of 0.3 ng/g, while low levels were found in muscle, fat, bone, teeth and other tissues. The relationship between dietary intake to pulmonary absorption is discussed in relation to the occurrence of vanadium in man-made air particulates. The very low levels found in milks and eggs suggest minimal vanadium requirements in growth. The findings are discussed in the light of previous results and also in relation to the possible essentiality of vanadium.     

Iodine-129 in thyroid and urine in Ukraine and Denmark

Human thyroids collected from Gomel in Belarus, sheep thyroid from Jutland and human urine from Zealand in Denmark were analysed for 129I and 127I concentrations. The ratios of 129I/127I in human thyroid in Gomel are 2.65-11.0 x 10(-9) with an average of 7.21 x 10(-9), which is one order of magnitude higher than those from Asia and South America (10(-10)), but significantly lower than those observed in west Europe (10(-8)). A weak negative correlation (P < 0.05) between 129I/127I ratio in human thyroid and the age of the subjects was observed in Gomel. The average ratio of 129I/127I in sheep thyroids from Jutland of Denmark is 1.81 x 10(-7), which is two orders of magnitude higher than those in south hemisphere, and Asia. It is also significantly higher than those observed in other west European countries before 1984 and that in human thyroid in Gomel. The high thyroid 129I level in Jutland is attributed to the release of reprocessing plants in France and UK. The 129I/127I ratios in human urine in Zealand of Denmark are 0.86-2.86 x 10(-8). The possibility of using urine 129I to evaluate the thyroid exposure to 129I is investigated.     

Perchlorate in raw and drinking water sources in England and Wales

A well‐known use of perchlorate is as a rocket fuel propellant; however, more widespread uses include in munitions and fireworks, and it also occurs naturally. Perchlorate suppresses the thyroid, which can lead to a variety of adverse effects. It is a widespread contaminant in the United States, but limited occurrence data in the United Kingdom exist, and even less for drinking water. Monitoring of 20 raw and treated drinking water sites in England and Wales, covering four seasonal periods, showed that perchlorate is a low‐level background contaminant of raw and treated drinking water. Low concentrations (treated drinking water: <0.020–2.073 μg/L, mean 0.747 μg/L) were detected at every higher‐risk site. The concentrations were comparable in each of the four sampling exercises and no significant trends were apparent relating to the time of year, the type of risk or the method of chlorination. Limited data showed that removal by ion exchange and granular‐activated carbon may occur.     

儿童青少年近视的防控研究进展

儿童青少年近视率一直处于高位并持续上升,严重影响了我国儿童青少年的学习和生活,本研究通过查阅国内外治疗儿童青少年近视相关著作及文献,针对目前儿童青少年近视防控手段的进展,对各治疗方案进行分析和研究。     

德国城乡景观与中国景观问题

2003年,笔者获得德国DAAD(德国国际学术交流基金会)奖励资助,作为访问学者在德国逗留了4个月(4月～8月).在这期间,笔者还考察了法国、丹麦、瑞典和意大利,但我认为还是德国的景观最为优雅和美丽.     

广义文脉与规划设计教育

城市规划设计教育不仅应关注历史化,还应关注自然、社会和经济;不仅应关注地方和传统,还应关注全球和未来。城市规划教育应掌握正确的发展观和方法论,肩负起发展地万脉的历史使命,保护社会公众的利益,推动城市持续发展。     

Lead and cadmium contents in cereals and pulses in north-eastern China

It is known that, unlike Japanese, Koreans or southern Chinese who depend on rice as a major source of energy for daily life, people in north-eastern China rely not only on rice, but on wheat and other cereals and to a lesser extent also on pulses. Cereal and pulse samples were collected from open markets in north-eastern China, and analyzed by inductively-coupled plasma spectrometry (ICP-MS) for two potentially hazardous heavy metals — lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd). The average Pb level in cereals (31.3 ng Pb/g as a geometric mean) and that of pulses (25.7 ng Pb/g) were similar to each other with no significant difference. Among the cereals, Pb contents were higher in foxtail millet (54.3 ng/g) and lower in maize (35.4 ng Pb/g; grain and flour in combination), wheat flour (28.8 ng Pb/g) and rice flour (22.7 ng Pb/g). Lead levels in two important types of pulses, kidney bean and soybean (24.6 and 30.8 ng Pb/g, respectively), were comparable to the levels in rice and wheat. In contrast, Cd levels were substantially higher in pulses (55.7 ng Cd/g) than in cereals (9.2 ng Cd/g), and among the pulses, Cd in soybean (55.7 ng Cd/g) was significantly higher than that in kidney bean (23.8 ng Cd/g). The possible public health implication of the Pb and Cd levels, especially the high Pb level in foxtail millet (54.3 ng Pb/g) and the high Cd level in soybean (73.5 ng Cd/g), is discussed.     

创新创业教育在高校实践教学中的研究与探索

大学生创新创业教育的开展对高校人才培养体系的完善具有非常重要的意义。针对目前我国高校创新创业教育模式的问题与不足进行探讨,分析研究了创新创业教育的实质,最后重点阐述了在实践教学中如何加强创新思路的引导,建立有效激励机制,开展创新及创业教育的应对策略,促进对大学生实践创新能力、创业就业能力和持续发展能力的培养。     

武汉城市景观文化生态保护建设的问题与对策

城市文化生态是形成城市特色的文化要素。历史古迹,优秀建筑,空间形态,环境特色,作为城市文化生态的显现部分,既是城市文化底蕴直观生动的反映,也是市民的情感港湾和精神家园。理应得到珍惜和保护。该文在系统地概括武汉景观文化生态特点的基础上,重点分析了当前武汉城市景观规划建设中的文化生态问题,提出了武汉今后改进城市景观文化生态规划建设的对策建议。