16MnR低合金钢与Q235B铸钢焊接接头的组织与性能

通过拉伸、冲击、显微硬度试验以及金相观察对16MnR与Q235B铸钢异种材料焊接接头的组织形态及力学性能进行了研究。结果表明：16MnR与Q235B铸钢采用JM-56焊丝焊接时，焊接接头具有良好的低温冲击韧性。焊缝组织为先共析铁素体、针状铁素体和少量珠光体。16MnR侧的热影响区组织主要为先共析铁素体，晶内是一定量的魏氏组织铁素体、针状铁素体、粒状贝氏体和珠光体；Q235B铸钢侧的热影响区组织主要为先共析铁素体、魏氏组织铁素体和珠光体。16MnR母材组织为带状的铁素体和珠光体。Q235B铸钢母材组织为大块状的铁素体和珠光体。     

30CrMnSiNi2A与Q235异种钢焊接接头组织与性能分析

目的探讨30CrMnSiNi2A与Q235异种钢焊接接头的组织与性能。方法采用手工电弧焊对两者进行焊接,为了获得性能良好的焊接接头,焊前对其进行焊前预热,焊后对其进行焊后退火。通过X射线探伤检测,拉伸、冲击试验,显微硬度检测及光学显微镜金相分析等一系列工艺试验,对焊接接头进行研究。结果焊缝质量等级达到Ⅰ级;焊缝组织为先共析铁素体、针状铁素体、珠光体组织;30CrMnSiNi2A侧热影响区组织为回火索氏体,粗晶区组织片层厚度大于细晶区组织片层厚度;Q235侧热影响区由不完全重结晶区、细晶区、粗晶区组成。结论 30CrMnSiNi2A与Q235钢焊接后,获得了工艺性、力学性能良好的接头,可运用于2种材料焊接的实际生产。     

热输入对Q1100钢焊接接头低温韧性及耐蚀性能的影响

采用10 kJ/cm和15 kJ/cm两种焊接热输入对Q1100超高强钢进行熔化极气体保护焊,研究焊接接头的组织性能及局部腐蚀行为。结果表明：两种热输入焊接接头的焊缝组织主要为针状铁素体和少量的粒状贝氏体,粗晶区组织均为板条贝氏体,细晶区组织均为板条贝氏体和粒状贝氏体,临界相变区组织为多边形铁素体、马奥岛和碳化物的混合组织。两种热输入焊接接头中电荷转移电阻均为母材>热影响区>焊缝区,母材耐蚀性最好,热影响区次之,焊缝区耐蚀性最差。在腐蚀过程中,焊缝区作为阳极最先被腐蚀,当腐蚀一定时间后,腐蚀位置发生改变,阳极腐蚀区域转移到母材区,而焊缝区作为阴极得到保护。热输入为10 kJ/cm时,焊接接头具有更好的低温韧性和耐蚀性,其焊缝和热影响区-40℃冲击功分别为46.5 J和30.2 J。     

FV520B钢和Q235A钢焊接接头的维氏硬度试验

在没有x-y轴移动装置的HV-120型维氏硬度计上,仅增加简单的辅助工具,成功完成了FV520B马氏体沉淀硬化不锈钢和Q235A钢V型焊缝焊接接头的维氏硬度试验。结果表明:FV520B钢焊接接头的焊缝、熔合线、热影响区以及母材的维氏硬度差别较小,硬度分布比较均匀,焊接质量满意;Q235A钢焊接接头的焊缝、熔合线、热影响区以及母材的维氏硬度差别更小,硬度分布更加均匀,焊接质量更好。该试验方法操作简单、方便实用,可以完成V型焊缝焊接接头的维氏硬度测试,对使用没有x-y轴移动装置的维氏硬度计的企业进行焊缝质量评定具有借鉴作用。     

超细晶Q460高强钢焊接接头组织与韧性研究

采用手工焊条电弧焊和熔化极活性气体保护焊对超细晶Q460钢进行了焊接,分析表征了焊接接头的组织结构、显微硬度和冲击韧性的变化规律。研究结果表明,采用E5515焊条焊接,焊缝金属主要为先共析铁素体、多边形铁素体与少量珠光体。采用ER55-G焊丝,熔化极活性气体保护焊,焊缝金属主要由针状铁素体和少量多边形铁素体组成,焊丝中Ti元素的添加有利于获得针状铁素体组织。采用较小的焊接线能量,超细晶Q460钢热影响区粗晶区组织为粒状贝氏体组织。焊缝金属的显微硬度高于热影响区和母材的显微硬度,热影响区未出现软化现象。冲击试验表明,焊缝金属和热影响区均具有较高的冲击韧性,而且热影响区的韧性高于焊缝金属的韧性。     

退火处理对异种钢激光焊接头组织及性能的影响

目的 通过研究相同时间不同退火温度下304/Q345激光焊接头的组织和性能,得到优化后的退火处理制度,为制定异种钢激光焊退火工艺提供一定的理论指导和技术支撑。方法 基于前期大量试验,在激光功率和离焦量不变的情况下,调节焊接速度由15 mm/s到35 mm/s,通过改变焊接速度获得性能优异的焊接接头。由于异种钢物理化学性能差异较大,接头组织不均匀,因此还需对激光焊接头进行退火处理。结果 焊缝区显微组织由板条马氏体与残余奥氏体组成,Q345低碳钢热影响区显微组织为多面体状铁素体与黑色珠光体,其中铁素体含量更多,304奥氏体不锈钢热影响区在奥氏体晶界上析出了铁素体。不同退火温度下碳元素均由Q345低碳钢侧向焊缝迁移,在Q345低碳钢侧形成脱碳层,在焊缝中形成黑色条带状增碳层。随着退火处理温度的升高,峰值温度升高,高温停留时间变长,碳迁移强度随之增加,黑色条带状区域增碳层宽度增大。拉伸性能测试结果表明,试样均断裂于Q345母材一侧,且断口存在韧窝,属于典型韧性断裂。此外,焊缝区硬度(390HV左右)最高,热影响区硬度(300HV)次之,母材的硬度(130HV左右)最低。结论 在给定试验参数范围内,优化后的最佳退火工艺参数为550 ℃-1.5 h。     

固溶处理对304/Q245R焊接接头组织及性能的影响

为研究固溶处理对304奥氏体不锈钢和Q245R碳钢异种金属焊接接头显微组织及性能的影响,采用E309-16奥氏体不锈钢焊丝对6 mm厚的304/Q245R板材进行手工电弧焊,焊后使用箱式电阻炉对焊接接头进行固溶处理,对焊接接头进行显微组织观察和力学性能测试.结果表明:相对于固溶处理前,固溶处理后的接头焊缝组织为灰色奥氏体和黑色铁素体,枝晶偏析程度明显降低,Cr、Ni等合金元素分布较为均匀;焊缝和碳钢侧热影响区硬度值均有所提高,最高硬度值为304.59 HV,出现在焊缝位置;接头抗拉强度较高,达570 MPa,拉伸断裂发生在母材Q245R碳钢部位.另外,对焊缝进行XRD测定,未检测到不利于接头性能的相,这表明固溶处理后的异种金属接头性能良好,能够满足工程中的实际需求.     

不锈钢激光-MAG复合焊接头微区性能研究

激光复合焊可用于不锈钢焊接,但激光复合焊接头热影响区小,组织变化梯度大.研究接头微区性能可以确定接头薄弱环节,为焊接接头的工艺评定和断裂分析提供理论依据.为此,本文对4 mm厚SUS301L-HT不锈钢进行激光-MAG复合焊接,采用维氏硬度、微型剪切和微拉伸等试验,研究了焊接接头焊缝、热影响区及母材的微区力学性能,并结合金相、断口扫描等分析了各微区力学性能的差异.结果表明：焊缝区域组织主要为柱状奥氏体树枝晶+少量的δ铁素体;母材的剪切强度和抗拉强度最高,分别为560和1 066 MPa,其次为复合焊接头热影响区,焊缝区域最差,接头硬度分布规律与各微区强度变化趋势一致;运用数学方法,得出了接头微拉伸强度与微型剪切强度、硬度之间关系的经验公式.接头各微区剪切断口和拉伸断口SEM分析呈现典型的韧性断裂特征.     

焊丝成分对超高强装甲钢焊接接头组织与性能的影响

利用气体保护电弧焊工艺完成了4.5 mm和9.0 mm超高强装甲钢的焊接,研究了焊丝(MG70S-6和ER307Si焊丝)成分对接头组织与性能的影响,通过光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)、X射线衍射(XRD)等表征方法对焊接接头各区域进行微观组织和物相结构的分析,并测试了接头的硬度分布、拉伸性能和冲击韧性。结果表明,焊接接头成形质量良好,无明显未熔合、气孔、裂纹等缺陷,焊缝区组织为片状马氏体、针状铁素体和少量粒状贝氏体,完全淬火区组织为马氏体和贝氏体,不完全淬火区组织为马氏体和铁素体,回火区析出网状渗碳体。焊接接头的热影响区软化现象较为明显,接头难以达到与母材等强,断裂主要发生在焊缝区,呈现出脆性断裂特征。采用ER307Si焊丝焊接的9.0 mm装甲钢接头的焊缝室温冲击功达到94 J,完全满足使用要求。     

不锈钢与渗碳钢惯性摩擦焊接头的组织与性能

目的 研究0Cr18Ni12Mo2Ti不锈钢与20CrMnMo渗碳钢的惯性摩擦焊焊接接头的组织与力学性能。方法 通过金相、能谱分析、显微硬度、拉伸试验对焊接接头进行组织与力学性能分析。结果 焊接试样上0Cr18Ni12Mo2Ti不锈钢一侧飞边尺寸比20CrMnMo渗碳钢一侧飞边小;焊接接头熔合区仅为50 μm,熔合线附近元素扩散层很窄,其中0Cr18Ni12Mo2Ti不锈钢仍为奥氏体组织,20CrMnMo钢组织由铁素体与珠光体转变为马氏体与索氏体,20CrMnMo一侧热力影响区组织为细小的片状珠光体与铁素体;焊缝区的显微硬度为358HV,高于2种母材;焊接接头抗拉强度大于590 MPa,断后伸长率大于32%,断裂位置均在0Cr18Ni12Mo2Ti不锈钢母材一侧。结论 采用惯性摩擦焊工艺可实现不锈钢与渗碳钢的高强连接。     

Tensile and Impact Properties of Shielded Metal Arc Welded AISI 409M Ferritic Stainless Steel Joints

The present study is concerned with the effect of filler metals such as austenitic stainless steel, ferritic stainless steel and duplex stainless steel on tensile and impact properties of the ferritic stainless steel conforming to AISI 409M grade. Rolled plates of 4 mm thickness were used as the base material for preparing single pass butt welded joints. Tensile and impact properties, microhardness, microstructure and fracture surface morphology of the joints fabricated by austenitic stainless steel, ferritic stainless steel and duplex stainless steel filler metals were evaluated and the results were reported. From this investigation, it is found that the joints fabricated by duplex stainless steel filler metal showed higher tensile strength and hardness compared to the joints fabricated by austenitic and ferritic stainless steel filler metals. Joints fabricated by austenitic stainless steel filler metal exhibited higher ductility and impact toughness compared with the joints fabricated by ferritic stainless steel and duplex stainless steel filler metals.     

不锈钢激光点焊接头组织和力学性能研究

目的 改善SUS301L–HT不锈钢激光点焊焊接性能。方法 以2 mm SUS301L–HT不锈钢为母材进行激光点焊试验,并分析焊接接头的金相组织、硬度、拉伸性能以及断口形貌等。结果 焊点表面无损坏、压痕均匀、无较大焊接变形,表面无飞溅、母材颜色无明显变化。焊核区的微观组织主要是柱状晶,柱状晶依附于未熔化母材晶粒向焊核中心生长。母材硬度最高,约为309HV;焊核中心附近区域硬度适中,约为255HV,热影响区硬度最小,不到220HV。点焊接头断裂形式多为纽扣式断裂且发生在热影响区。结论 不锈钢激光点焊整体质量较好,可用于轨道列车车体加工。     

S275低合金钢焊接接头的组织与力学性能

通过拉伸、冲击、硬度测试和金相检验等方法对S275低合金钢熔化极活性气体保护焊(MAG)焊接接头的力学性能与显微组织进行了研究。结果表明:采用JM一56焊丝对S275低合金钢进行焊接时,接头具有较好的抗剪强度;开45。坡口,拉伸后均断在离焊缝位置较远的母材上,焊接接头抗拉强度满足技术要求。焊缝组织晶内为细小密集的针状铁素体,有极少量珠光体,焊缝局部有魏氏组织;熔合区、过热区为沿晶界析出的块状先共析铁素体和向晶内生长的条状铁素体以及少量的珠光体;正火区组织为细小的铁素体和珠光体;母材组织为铁素体和珠光体,晶粒也比较细小。最后得出S275低合金钢用于转向架焊接构架是可行的。     

20Cr钢与B级钢焊接接头的组织和性能

采用低温冲击试验、拉伸试验、硬度试验以及金相分析等方法对ER50-6焊丝气体保护焊焊接20Cr钢与B级钢焊接接头的显微组织和性能进行了研究.结果表明,用ERS0-6焊丝气体保护焊焊接20Cr钢和B级钢可获得性能良好的焊接接头,其接头的强度不低于B级钢.焊缝组织为网状分布的先共析铁素体及少量无碳贝氏体;20Cr钢侧近缝区有无碳贝氏体及少量板条马氏体;在B级钢侧热影响区的块状铁素体基体上有少量粒状贝氏体.     

An assessment of microstructure,hardness, tensile and impact strength of friction stir welded ferritic stainless steel joints

Microstructure and mechanical characterization of friction stir welded 409M ferritic stainless steel joint were carried out. Single pass welds free of volumetric defects were produced at a welding speed of 50 mm/min and rotation speed of 1000 rpm. Optical microscopy, microhardness testing, transverse tensile, impact and bend tests were performed. The coarse ferrite grains in the base material are changed to very fine grains consisting duplex structure of ferrite and martensite due to the rapid cooling rate and high strain induced by severe plastic deformation caused by frictional stirring. Tensile testing indicates overmatching of the weld metal relative to the base metal. The joints are also exhibited acceptable ductility and impact toughness.     

Mechanical and Structural Properties of Similar and Dissimilar Steel Joints

The mechanical properties of specimens from similar and dissimilar weld joints were examined. A ferritic steel (St37-2) and an austenitic stainless steel (AISI 304) were joined by the gas tungsten arc weld (GTAW) process using an austenitic filler metal. Mechanical and metallographic properties of the specimens were obtained by means of microhardness testing, tensile testing, bending fatigue testing, and light optical and scanning electron microscopy. The highest microhardness values were recorded on the ferritic–austenitic dissimilar weld joint, whereas the highest tensile strength and bending fatigue life were obtained with the austenitic–austenitic joints. Ferritic and pearlitic structures were observed in the microstructure of the ferritic–ferritic joint. The microstructures of austenitic–austenitic and austenitic–ferritic joints showed small recrystallization grains in addition to the typical austenitic and ferritic structures. Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the fracture surfaces of the specimens and the origins of the fatigue cracks.     

Effect of welding processes on fatigue crack growth behaviour of AISI 409M ferritic stainless steel joints fabricated using duplex stainless steel fillers

The present investigation aims to study the effect of welding processes such as shielded metal arc welding (SMAW), gas metal arc welding (GMAW) and gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) on fatigue crack growth behaviour of the ferritic stainless steel (FSS) conforming to AISI 409M grade. Rolled plates of 4 mm thickness were used as the base material and AISI 2209 grade duplex stainless steel (DSS) was used as filler metal, for preparing single pass butt welded joints. Centre cracked tensile (CCT) specimens were used to evaluate the fatigue crack growth behaviour. From this investigation, it is found that the GTAW joints showed superior fatigue crack growth resistance compared with SMAW and GMAW joints. The reasons for the superior performance were discussed in detail.     

热轧D级船用钢板焊接接头的力学性能与显微组织

采用CO2气体保护焊法对16mm厚的热轧态D级船用钢板进行焊接,通过拉伸、冲击和金相检验等试验方法对焊接接头的力学性能与显微组织进行了研究。结果表明：采用YCJ501-1焊材对D级船用钢板进行焊接时,接头具有较高的抗拉强度和较好的低温冲击韧性;焊缝组织主要为针状铁素体、先共析铁素体和少量粒状贝氏体;热影响区组织主要为铁素体、珠光体和少量针状铁素体,针状铁素体的存在是接头具有良好力学性能的主要原因。     

活性剂对铁素体不锈钢A-TIG接头熔深及组织性能研究

目的 选用430铁素体不锈钢作为研究对象,对比研究添加SiO2、TiO2、Cr2O3和未添加活性剂对A-TIG焊接接头显微组织和力学性能的影响。方法 采用3种活性剂涂覆在430铁素体不锈钢上进行A-TIG试验,分析活性剂对接头熔深、组织、性能、元素含量的影响情况。结果 同一焊接工艺参数下,活性剂的加入均能提高焊缝的熔深和深宽比,减少熔宽;其中,SiO2为活性剂时获得了最佳的焊缝几何形貌。同时,对比常规TIG焊接(未添加活性剂)接头的显微组织及力学性能可知,活性剂的加入并未改变焊接接头的显微组织且无新相的生成;活性剂的添加能够细化接头组织,从而使得接头硬度有所提高。结论 活性剂的加入能够显著增加铁素体不锈钢TIG焊缝熔深,改善接头组织,提高接头硬度。     

Assessment of creep rupture properties for dissimilar steels welded joints between T92 and HR3C

Dissimilar steels welded joints, between ferritic steel and austenitic stainless steel, are always encountered in high‐temperature components in power plants. As two new grade ferritic steel and austenitic stainless steel, T92 (9Cr0.5Mo2WVNb) and HR3C (TP310HCbN), exhibit superior heat strength at elevated temperatures and are increasingly applied in ultra‐supercritical (USC) plants around the world, a complete assessment of the properties for T92/HR3C dissimilar steels welded joints is urgently required. In this paper, metallographic microstructures across the joint were inspected by optical microscope. Particularly, the creep rupture test was conducted on joints under different load stresses at 625 °C to analyse creep strength and predict their service lives, while their fractograph were observed under scanning electron microscope. Additionally, finite element method was employed to investigate residual stress distribution of joints. Results showed that the joints were qualified under USC conditions, and T92 base material was commonly the weakest part of them.