耐温抗盐深部复合调驱体系的研究与应用

本文主要阐述了耐温抗盐深部复合调驱体来的研究方法,确定了复合调驱体系最佳配方:聚合物浓度为1000～2000mg/L,有机复合交联剂浓度为600～2000mg/L,稳定剂浓度为500～1000mg/L,并且系统地评价了环境因素对调驱荆性能的影响,得出了调驱剂的一系列性能指标.现场应用16井次,措施井注水压力平均上升5.1MPa,对应油井累计增油3757t,降水15040m～3,取得了良好的增油降水效果.     

交联聚N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮的合成研究

阐述了采用交联剂N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(NMBA)与N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮共聚,合成N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮的交联聚合物交联聚N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮(PVPP)。总结出PVPP的最佳合成路线为:以5%磷酸氢二钠和5%硫酸钠的水溶液为溶剂,偶氮二异庚腈为引发剂,交联剂选用NMBA,在N2保护下70℃反应90min,干燥后得到凝胶体积可控、残单低、吸水性能强的PVPP颗粒。     

智能水凝胶的制备研究

以N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮(NVP)、丙烯酸(AA)为原料,N,N′-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,过硫酸钾(K2S2O8)为引发剂,采用自由基聚合合成水凝胶。分别研究了原料配比、交联剂用量、引发剂比例、盐浓度、p H对水凝胶吸水能力的影响,确定了最佳用量及条件。结果表明,NVP/丙烯酸共聚物水凝胶的最佳条件为:丙烯酸跟NVP的质量比为1∶1.1~1∶1.2,引发剂的用量为丙烯酸单体质量的4%~5%,交联剂的用量为丙烯酸单体质量的7%~8%。水凝胶的吸水率随着盐浓度的增加而减小,p H为7~9时水凝胶的吸水率最高。     

NVP/衣康酸共聚水凝胶的制备与溶胀性能研究

用自由基引发的水溶液聚合法，以偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂，以N，N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(MBA)为交联剂，合成了N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮(NVP)/衣康酸(IA)共聚物水凝胶，研究了单体配比、反应时间、聚合反应温度、交联剂用量等反应条件对水凝胶性能的影响。得到水凝胶合成的最佳条件。     

低温耐盐胶态分散凝胶深部调驱体系的研究

本文采用油田水作为配液用水,研发了低温耐盐胶态分散凝胶深部调驱体系。确定了胶态分散凝胶调驱体系的最佳配方:稠化剂浓度为1 200~2 000 mg/L,有机铝离子交联剂用量为0.4~0.8%;详细地评价了环境因素对胶态分散凝胶体系性能的影响,获得了调驱剂的主要性能指标。体系的交联延迟时间和凝胶强度可满足低温油田深部调驱施工的要求。     

AM/NVP/N-MAM三元共聚物驱油剂的合成及性能研究

以丙烯酰胺(AM)、N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮(NVP)、N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺(N-MAM)为单体,过硫酸铵-亚硫酸氢钠[(NH4)2S2O8-NaHSO3]为氧化还原引发剂,合成了一种水溶性共聚物AM/NVP/N-MAM。确定了最佳反应条件:m(AM)∶m(NVP)∶m(N-MAM)=80∶9∶2.5,pH为9,温度60℃,引发剂加量0.3%。对AM/NVP/N-MAM共聚物进行了红外结构表征,确立了聚合物的结构。与部分水解聚丙烯酰胺相比,该聚合物具有较好的抗剪切耐温性(1 000 s-1:其粘度保留率达17.52%;120℃:其粘度保留率达22.6%)。当NaCl、CaCl2、MgCl2浓度分别为12 000,1 200,1 200 mg/L时,该聚合物粘度保留率分别可达到25.34%,22.21%,23.89%。此外,相对于水驱,该聚合物可提高采收率12.63%(聚合物浓度1 750 mg/L)。     

大孔性pH响应丙烯酸/淀粉水凝胶的合成及表征

以二过碘酸合铜(DPC)为氧化剂,可溶性淀粉为还原剂,组成氧化还原体系,在可溶性淀粉的羟基上引发丙烯酸钠和交联剂亚甲基双丙烯酰胺进行聚合反应制备pH响应淀粉水凝胶,研究了引发剂浓度、反应时间和反应温度等因素对凝胶效率的影响,考察了淀粉水凝胶对pH的响应性。得到了最佳溶胀比的反应条件:引发剂和交联剂的浓度分别为3.12×10-4mol/L,0.0324g/mL,pH值7.01,致孔剂0.08g。     

聚乙烯吡咯烷酮/LDH纳米复合水凝胶的制备及表征

以N-乙烯吡咯烷酮(NVP)为单体、LDH为交联剂和增强剂、偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂,通过原位聚合法引发链式聚合反应得到聚乙烯吡咯烷酮/LDH纳米复合水凝胶,并对其红外光谱、吸水性能、透明度、力学性能进行了分析。结果表明,该复合水凝胶具有良好的弹性、较强的吸水性,当LDH浓度为5%时,透光率达到93.1%。     

耐温耐盐预交联凝胶颗粒的性能研究

针对常规调驱剂在裂缝性高温、高盐油藏调驱效果差的难题,以丙烯酰胺、衣康酸、二甲基二丙烯酰胺基磺酸钠为聚合单体,以过硫酸铵和亚硫酸氢钠为氧化还原引发剂,N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为化学交联剂,锂皂石为物理交联剂,合成了一种耐温、耐盐预交联凝胶颗粒KY-2,并对其微观形貌进行了表征,分析了化学交联剂质量分数对预交联凝胶颗粒吸水性能的影响,评价了其耐温耐盐性能、抗剪切性能和调驱性能。结果表明:颗粒的吸水速率随着交联剂质量分数的增加而降低,该颗粒具有很好的耐温耐盐性和抗剪切性能,在渗透率级差为4的条件下,水驱后提高采收率幅度达15.5%。预交联凝胶颗粒KY-2对裂缝性高温高矿化度非均质油藏具有较强的适应性。     

一种聚合物微球的合成

以环己烷为连续相,Span60为乳化剂,过硫酸钾为引发剂,N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,合成了深部调驱用聚合物微球。以聚合物微的膨胀倍率指标,考察了反相乳液聚合体系稳定性的影响因素和深部调驱聚合物微球基本性能的影响因素,结果表明,当油水比为1∶1、乳化剂用量>4.5%(相对油相)、聚合温度为60℃,搅拌速度>600 r/min时,体系稳定性好、产物成粒性好;合成深部调驱有机颗粒的最佳配比:丙烯酰胺为60 g/L,丙烯酸为8 g/L,2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸为5.5 g/L,它们之间的比例为AM∶AA∶AMPS=120∶16∶11,交联剂加量为0.3 g/L,引发剂加量为0.4 g/L,约为单体总量的5.4‰。产物为稳定均一的聚合物微球,初始粒径在475.5⁵25.0 nm,水化膨胀24 h后,平均粒径为1 100 nm。     

Novel method for toughening of polystyrene based on natural rubber latex

γ‐Radiation vulcanized natural rubber latex/phase transfer/bulk polymerization is a novel process for the preparation of toughened polystyrene based on natural rubber latex. The negatively charged γ‐radiation vulcanized natural rubber latex was first titrated with benzyldimethylhexadecylammonium chloride in the presence of a styrene monomer. At a critical transfer concentration, the crosslinked rubber particles transferred from the aqueous phase into the styrene phase in which they swelled, depending on the irradiation dose used. By bulk polymerization of the styrene phase containing transferred particles, the polymer blends exhibited two‐phase morphology similar to that of commercial high‐impact polystyrene that was microscopically obtained. The final product showed an increase in the unnotched Izod impact energy over the unmodified polystyrene. The effect of irradiation dose, rubber content, and initiator concentration on the impact property and morphology of toughened polystyrene prepared was investigated. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 71: 1333–1345, 1999     

2,3-环氧丙磺酸钠/丙烯酰胺共聚物合成及阻垢研究

针对油田采用三元复合驱油技术造成的含硅化合物结垢问题,合成了2,3-环氧丙磺酸钠/丙烯酰胺共聚物阻垢剂,研究不同反应条件下合成的共聚物对硅垢的阻垢性能及其对钙、镁垢的阻垢性能。结果表明:在2,3-环氧丙磺酸钠与丙烯酰胺的物质的量比为1∶3,聚合时间为2h,聚合温度为75℃条件下合成的共聚物,当加剂量为20mg/L、72h时使溶解硅质量浓度维持在85mg/L,而对比的几种阻垢剂只能使溶解硅质量浓度低于60mg/L,说明此共聚物对硅垢有一定阻垢效果。此共聚物对钙、镁垢阻垢效果差,在共聚物投加量为40mg/L时对镁垢阻垢率达到63%。     

丁基橡胶胶乳制备工艺的优化

以丁基橡胶（IIR）为原料,采用“溶解-乳化”法制备了稳定性较好的IIR胶乳,考察了乳化剂种类、乳化剂组成、pH值、油水质量比、浓缩工艺等对乳化效果和IIR胶乳产率的影响。结果表明,优化的IIR胶乳制备的乳化剂配方及制备工艺如下:乳化剂为油酸钾和Triton X-100,二者质量比为4/1;当体系pH值为10,油水质量比为4/5时,得到的IIR乳液稳定性最佳,胶乳产率最高;采用膏化工艺进行胶乳浓缩,以藻酸钠为膏化剂,占胶乳中橡胶质量分数为0.6%时浓缩效果最好;并采用离心分离工艺缩短浓缩时间,当转速为1 500 r/min,离心时间为20 min时,可获得总固物质量分数约为55%的IIR胶乳,胶乳产率达90%以上。     

Laboratory study of an anti‐temperature and salt‐resistance surfactant‐polymer binary combinational flooding as EOR chemical

Experimental studies were conducted to enhance the oil recovery by a surfactant‐polymer binary combinational flooding system. The surfactant‐polymer binary combinational flooding was obtained by mixing the surfactants with the poly(AM‐NVP‐AS)‐1 which was an anti‐temperature and salt‐resistance tercopolymer and successfully synthesized via free radical polymerization using acrylamide (AM), N‐vinyl pyrrolidone (NVP), allyl sulfonate (AS) as raw materials. The initiator was redox system including water‐soluble azo compound (AIBA·2HCl) and sodium bisulfite (NaHSO₃). Petroleum carboxylate dodecyl dibasic carbonylic acid sodium (C12DAS) and carboxyl betaine dodecyl dimethyl betaine (C12DB) were selected in this article. Compared with the surfactant‐HPAM, the surfactant‐poly(AM‐NVP‐AS)‐1 binary combinational system showed higher apparent viscosity and lower interfacial tension at high temperature and salinity conditions as the result of a better capacity of anti‐temperature, salt‐resistance, and swept volume. The recovery could enhance over 17% based on the core flooding test under the mineralization of 10,000 mg/L at 65°C. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2014 , 131, 39984.     

甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丁二烯-苯乙烯树脂的合成及其对聚氯乙烯的改性

采用种子乳液接枝聚合技术合成了甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)-丁二烯-苯乙烯树脂(MBS),考察了复合乳化剂浓度、CO2用量对丁苯胶乳粒径及其分布、胶乳稳定性的影响;研究了接枝单体滴加方式和接枝聚合反应温度对MBS体系稳定性和接枝效率的影响;讨论了MBS改性聚氯乙烯(PVC)的影响因素;提出了丁苯胶乳的碳酸化扩径附聚法和MBS胶乳的SO2凝聚新工艺。结果表明:在丁二烯/苯乙烯(质量比)为90/10、阴离子/非离子复合乳化剂浓度为35~40g/L、丁苯胶乳采用CO2附聚扩径、部分MMA预溶胀和其余MMA连续滴加的方式以及MBS胶乳SO2凝聚新工艺的条件下,所得MBS树脂粉料颗粒均匀,40~180目的颗粒质量分数达96%,堆积密度在0.4g/cm3以上;PVC/MBS(质量比为100/8)共混物的冲击强度达22.6kJ/m2。     

Formation mechanism of silicone rubber particles with core–shell structure by seeded emulsion polymerization

Silicone rubber particles with core–shell structure were prepared by polymerization of vinyl monomers in the presence of crosslinked and linear poly(dimethyl siloxane-methyl vinyl siloxane) latex. The monomers were added with either continuous or swelled-continuous addition mode. The core–shell morphology of silicone rubber/polystyrene [PST] and silicone rubber/poly(methyl methacrylate-divinyl benzene) [P(MMA-DVB)] composite particles were obtained. The effects of monomer addition mode, the compatibilities of the monomers or their homopolymer with silicone rubber, and the reactivity of polysiloxane with vinyl monomers on the formation of the core–shell structure were discussed. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

不同引发体系对降解天然橡胶接技共聚的影响

研究了降解天然橡胶胶乳与丙烯酸丁酯乳液共聚反应的五种典型氧化还原引发体系,探讨了引发剂种类,配比和用量对单体转化率和接技率的影响。结果表明过氧化叔丁醇一四乙烯五胺引发最适宜降解天然橡胶与丙烯酸丁酯聚合体系。     

Design and preparation of cross‐linked α‐methylstyrene acrylonitrile copolymer nanoparticles and their interfacial investigation with rubber

Cross‐linked α‐methylstyrene and acrylonitrile (MStAN) copolymer particles in a latex form were synthesized by free radical emulsion polymerization. The particles showed a narrow size distribution and an average diameter of 65 nm. The amount of the vinyl groups at the surface of the (MStAN) copolymer particles resulted from varied amount of the initiator (APS) and the cross‐linking agent (DVB) was detected by iodine titration method. When filled into ethylene propylene rubber (EPR), the MStAN nano‐particles exhibited excellent reinforcing capabilities, and with the increase of the vinyl groups at the surface of MStAN particles, the tensile stress of MStAN/EPR increased. Results demonstrated that the vinyl groups at the surface of the (MStAN) copolymer particles provided certain chemical interactions between the filler particles and the macromolecular chains of rubber matrix. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 41914.     

The Effect of Epoxidized Natural Rubber (ENR-50) or Polyethylene Acrylic Acid (PEA) as Compatibilizer on Properties of Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA)/Natural Rubber (SMR L) Blends

The effect of epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) or polyethylene acrylic acid (PEA) as a compatibilizer on properties of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA)/natural rubber (SMR L) blends was studied. 5 wt.% of compatibilizer was employed in EVA/SMR L blend and the effect of compatibilizer on tensile properties, thermal properties, swelling resistance, and morphological properties were investigated. Blends were prepared by using a laboratory scale of internal mixer at 120°C with 50 rpm of rotor speed. Tensile properties, thermal properties, thermo-oxidative aging resistance, and oil swell resistance were determined according to related ASTM standards. The compatibility of EVA/SMR L blends with 5 wt.% of compatibilizer addition or without compatibilizing agent was compared. The EVA/SMR L blend with compatibilizer shows substantially improvement in tensile properties compared to the EVA/SMR L blend without compatibilizer. Compatibilization had reduced interfacial tension and domain size of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA)/natural rubber (SMR L) blends.     

接枝改性法制备天然橡胶吸油材料的工艺研究

以丙烯酸丁酯为单体,N,N′-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,过氧化苯甲酰为引发剂,采用乳液聚合法合成吸油性橡胶。研究了引发剂和交联剂种类和用量、反应时间和温度、天然胶乳和单体配比对吸油性能的影响,并对吸油橡胶的吸油倍率及对水面浮油的回收性能等进行了考察。通过对煤油等几类油品的吸收对比,确定最佳的工艺条件。制得的吸油橡胶吸煤油最高可以达11.92g/g;吸四氯化碳为15.21g/g。