行星差动齿轮箱速比及功率分配计算

本文以Maag DPPV风电行星差动齿轮机构为例,使用Romax软件建立了此行星差动齿轮机构的虚拟样机模型,验证了行星差动机构传动比与功率分流的内在规律,同时建立的Romax模型为后续系统分析齿轮箱的可靠性提供了基础,这也为行星差动齿轮机构的分析提供了一条新途径。     

风电增速箱行星传动系统动力学方程及均载特性

提出一种风电增速箱用新型载荷分流式两级行星齿轮传动机构,以便提高传动系统的承载能力。以新型风电增速箱载荷分流型两级行星轮系与一级平行轴齿轮构成的多级传动系统为研究对象,计入多级耦合传动系统的轮齿啮合误差、啮合阻尼、啮合刚度,级间扭耦合刚度,组件的转动惯量等影响因素,采用集中参数法建立多级耦合传动系统的动力学模型。利用相关参数对系统的均载特性进行研究,获得行星齿轮传动的均载系数曲线。分析表明:各级内外啮合的均载系数均随时间变化且存在相位差;第一级内外啮合的均载系数分别比第二级内外啮合的均载系数分配均匀;第一级均载系数较小且内外啮合的均载系数的差别较小。     

风电增速箱设计载荷确定的新方法

风电增速箱设计载荷确定的准确性直接决定着风电增速箱设计的经济性和安全性,因而其合理的确定方法至关重要。本文结合风电增速箱的载荷分析,采用概率统计的方法,探讨一种风电增速箱设计载荷确定的新方法,以供在进行风电增速箱设计时参考。     

风电齿轮箱行星轮系的齿面摩擦与齿根裂纹耦合效应计算方法

针对风电增速箱故障率偏高的问题,在对风电机组传动系统的振动响应机理进行分析的基础上,提出一种同时考虑齿根裂纹与齿面摩擦2种因素耦合情况下计算风电增速箱行星轮系动态响应的方法。首先分析考虑不同滑动摩擦因素时,含齿根裂纹缺陷的齿轮其啮合刚度的变化情况;随后运用集中参数法建立一种同时考虑平移和扭转2种力学效应相互影响作用的行星轮系动态响应计算模型。使用该模型在考虑齿根裂纹、齿面滑动摩擦2种因素耦合情况下,对行星轮系时变啮合刚度影响作用进行仿真计算。结果表明,齿面间的滑动摩擦力将导致行星齿轮扭转振动响应在低频区域受到抑制、中频区域得到增强,而齿根裂纹会导致系统出现调制效应且该效应会使行星齿轮的扭转振动频谱响应在行星轮与太阳轮间的啮合频率附近出现调制边频带现象。     

零部件

重齿公司5兆瓦海上风电齿轮箱下线6月9日,由重庆齿轮箱有限责任公司(简称重齿公司)自主研发生产的5兆瓦海上风电增速齿轮箱成功下线。该款5兆瓦海上风电增速齿轮箱由重齿公司独立研发,具有自主知识产权,填补了国内相关技术的空白。齿轮箱设计按照国际标准规范,吸收了重齿公司10多年风电齿轮箱的设计、制造、运行经验。行星传动采用了多分流技术,使齿轮箱具备了结构紧凑、体积小、重量轻等优势。5兆     

国内外风电齿轮箱设计技术及主流技术路线综述与展望

本文对风电齿轮箱设计技术及产业现状和发展方向进行了综述。同时,对风电齿轮箱的主流技术路线,如传统圆柱齿轮技术路线、行星轮系与平行轴相结合的三级式技术路线、复合行星齿轮技术路线、柔性轴技术路线、功率分流技术路线以及"融合技术路线"分别进行了总结和探讨。     

风电机组增速箱齿面黑线形成原因分析

针对风电机组增速箱齿面存在黑线的现象,结合风电机组的基本结构及运用特点,运用冲击理论解释了齿面出现黑线的可能,同时强调正确维护风电机组的必要性。     

功率分流在混合传动型风力发电机上的应用及仿真分析

针对传统风力发电机机械传动部件易损坏、维修成本高等问题,首先对行星齿轮机构功率流进行分析与计算,然后以某典型1.5 MW传统风力发电机为基础,提出一种基于机械液压混合传动的新型风力发电机结构并对其进行功率流计算及分析,验证了行星齿轮速度分布图法的正确性,说明只有在一定结构以及一定速度范围内才能保证风力发电机实现功率分流。进一步通过联合仿真对功率分流风力发电机与封闭功率流风力发电机进行建模及仿真分析,证明封闭功率流结构会使得机械部分损耗增加,系统效率降低,对混合传动系统的结构设计具有一定的参考意义。     

新型风电机组传动原理的试验研究

文章针对新型风电机组传动原理的验证问题,设计并搭建了试验台进行研究。试验系统由差动模块、电机模块和控制模块组成。以具有"双输入-单输出"功能的差动齿轮箱为传动核心,变频电机模拟风轮以变转速输入,通过上位机程序控制伺服电机的转速,调节输出端同步发电机的转速至稳定,并用传感器采集了关键构件的转速、转矩等运行数据。通过分析关键构件转速调节和功率耦合特性的相关试验数据,表明了新型差动调速风电机组具有传动原理可行性。     

风力机增速齿轮箱行星斜齿轮系非线性动态分析

采用参数化建模方法建立了风力发电机增速齿轮箱中行星斜齿轮及其行星架的精确三维模型,应用非线性动力学理论及数值计算方法分析了该行星齿轮的齿面接触应力随时间的变化规律,得到了轮齿变形和相应的接触应力以及行星齿轮内外啮合的时变刚度曲线,同时分析了行星架的冲击应力,为该类行星齿轮结构的优化设计和分析提供了理论依据。     

Analysis and evaluation of hybrid scooter transmission systems

This paper presents a new design concept of transmissions for the hybrid scooters. These transmissions consist of a one-degree-of-freedom planetary gear train and a two-degree-of-freedom planetary gear train to from a split power system and to combine the power of two power sources, a gasoline engine and an electric motor. In order to maximize the performance and reduce emissions, the transmissions can provide a hybrid scooter to run five operating modes: electric motor mode; engine mode; engine/charging mode; power mode, and regenerative braking mode. The main advantages of the transmissions proposed in this paper include the use of only one electric motor/generator, need not use clutch/brake for the shift of the operating modes, and high efficiency. The kinematics, power flow, and mechanical efficiency analyzes are performed; and according to these results, the evaluation of transmission power performances are accomplished.     

A novel power splitting drive train for variable speed wind power generators

In this paper a novel electrically controlled power splitting drive train for variable speed wind turbines is presented. A variable speed wind turbine has many advantages, mainly it can increase the power yield from the wind, alleviate the load peak in the electrical-mechanical drive train, and posses a long life time, also, it can offer the possibility to store the briefly timely wind-conditioned power fluctuations in the wind rotor, in which the rotary masses are used as storages of kinetic energy, consequently, the variable speed wind turbines are utilized in the wind power industry widely. In this work, on the basis of a planetary transmission a new kind of drive train for the variable speed wind turbines is proposed. The new drive train consists of wind rotor, three-shafted planetary gear set, generator and servo motor. The wind rotor is coupled with the planet carrier of the planetary transmission, the generator is connected with the ring gear through an adjustment gear pair, and the servo motor is fixed to the sun gear. By controlling the electromagnetic torque or speed of the servo motor, the variable speed operation of the wind rotor and the constant speed operation of the generator are realized, therefore, the generator can be coupled with the grid directly. At the nominal operation point, about 80% of the rotor power flow through the generator directly and 20% through the servo motor and a small power electronics system into the grid. As a result, the disadvantages in the traditional wind turbines, e.g. high price of power electronics system, much power loss, strong reaction from the grid and large crash load in the drive train will be avoided.     

Conceptual design of hybrid scooter transmissions with planetary gear-trains

This paper presents an approach for designing hybrid scooter transmissions with planetary gear trains. The basic concept is to combine two planetary gear trains into a split-power system; so, by incorporating clutches and brakes when engaged, the system becomes a hybrid scooter transmission. The transmissions combine the power from two power sources, a gasoline engine and an electric motor. The systems use four different modes in order to maximize the performance and reduce emissions: electric-motor mode; engine-mode and engine/charging mode; power-mode; and regenerative-braking mode. Kinematic and power flow analyses are performed. According to the analysis results, formulae for the speed ratio of the transmission are derived and a procedure for identifying the arrangements with no internal recirculation of the split power system is developed. Sixteen possible configurations of hybrid scooter transmission satisfying the design requirements are presented. A design example is used to illustrate the design procedure and operation principle of the transmission.     

风力发电液力机械调速装置系统动态特性研究

为实现2 MW风电机组的高效传动,通过实验方法测得导叶可调式双涡轮液力变矩器输出特性曲线,计算得到不同开度下涡轮力矩与涡轮转速的三次项系数关系式,推导风力发电液力调速系统行星轮系的数学模型,设计了模糊自整定PID控制器的控制系统,并对风电机组进行了动态仿真和实验对比研究。结果表明:数值计算功率数值均大于实验值,风速小于5 m/s时绝对误差较小,风速大于5 m/s时进入正常发电工况,最大误差为7%。     

Load sharing behavior analysis method of wind turbine gearbox in consideration of multiple-errors

Conducting a further analysis on loading sharing among compound planetary gear system in wind turbine gearbox, and making a meshing error analysis on the eccentricity error, gear thickness error, base pitch error, assembly error, and bearing error of wind turbine gearbox respectively. In view of the floating meshing error resulting from meshing clearance variation caused by the simultaneous floating of all gears, this paper establishes a refined mathematical model of two-stage power split loading sharing coefficient calculation in consideration of multiple errors. Also obtains the regular curves of the load sharing coefficient and floating orbits of center gears, and conducts a load sharing coefficient test experiment of compound planetary gear system to verify the research results, which can provide scientific theory evidence for proper tolerance distribution and control in design and process.     

风电与火电打捆外送相关问题研究

在中国风电连续四年翻番高速发展的大好形势下,风电发展较快的地区首先遭遇到风电消纳能力不足的市场"瓶颈",与此同时2010年年初华中、华东地区先后遭遇了煤电油气紧缺,如何摆脱风电消纳与能源供应能力不足"瓶颈"的影响,成为国内外广泛关注的焦点。本文分析了中国能源以及风电发展问题,以酒泉风电基地为例研究了能源资源与市场逆向分布、风电消纳和能源输送问题,通过输电与输煤的技术经济对比分析,得出了输电替代输煤是国家能源战略的合理选择。     

大功率、高效率油田用液力传动装置的研制

通过对现有钻机传动装置的优缺点进行分析,结合液力传动的特点,相继开发了大功率、高效率的YO750、YO7503偶合器传动箱。使油田动力机组的效率提高了14个百分点,大大节省了燃油消耗,提高了动力机组及传动部件的寿命。     

浅谈变速恒频双馈风力发电机

阐述了双馈风力发电机实现变速恒频的工作原理,讨论了双馈电机的运行状态,推导了双馈电机功率传输方式与转差率的关系,指出了变速恒频风力发电系统的优点是拓宽了风速的可利用范围,对提高风电场发电能力具有重要意义。     

国外风电并网特点及对我国的启示

国外风电发达国家已有风电场大多装机规模较小,主要是分散接入配电网就地消纳。风电大规模并网依赖于坚强电网的支撑,同时也需要其他电源的支持和协调发展。如丹麦东部电网通过交流输电线路与挪威、瑞典、芬兰等国组成北欧电网,西部电网则通过德国电网与欧洲大陆互联电网相联,北欧电网中的大量水电为丹麦风电提供了足够的调峰支持;而美国大量具有灵活调节能力的燃气电站为风电快速发展提供了保障。国外针对未来风电大规模开发,规划通过高电压等级线路接入电网,远距离输送至负荷中心地区,并且扩展输电网以扩大风电消纳范围和规模。风电发达国家都制定了严格的并网导则且强制执行,风电收购政策根据风电发展的不同阶段不断调整,同时广泛开展了风电功率预测工作,并对风电进行有效调控。我国风电在持续快速发展中暴露出一些问题,如风电开发缺乏统一规划,配套电网建设难度较大;系统调峰能力不足;电网建设滞后于电源建设,尤其是跨大区电网的互联规模不足;风电技术和运行水平较低,相关政策有待完善等。建议我国应努力优化电源结构,增加电源装机中调峰电源和灵活调节电源的比重;建设坚强智能电网,解决风电大规模接入和输送问题;完善相关法律和政策支持体系。