硅基锂离子电池负极材料研究进展

作为锂离子电池负极材料,硅基材料具有较高的理论比容量、适中的嵌/脱锂电位、与电解液反应活性低等特点,成为最有前景的锂离子电池负极材料之一。然而由于其巨大的体积效应和较低的导电性导致其商业化应用具有相当的挑战性。本文综述了近年来为改善硅基材料的缺点而做的一些研究,展望了硅基材料作为锂离子电池负极材料的发展趋势。     

锂离子电池锡基负极材料研究进展

锡基负极材料容量高,安全性好,是目前动力锂离子电池用新型负极材料研究的热点。本文综述了近年来国内外在锂离子电池锡基各类负极材料方面的研究进展。重点介绍了它们的电极反应机理,材料合成方法及电化学性能,分析阐述了它们各自存在的优势和不足,总结了现有材料的改性手段。提出制备炭包覆锡基纳米颗粒的复合材料或者核壳、多孔等特殊结构的纳米级锡基材料,并在负极极片中预先引入金属锂,将是解决问题的最佳手段。指出锡基材料作为锂离子电池负极材料具有良好的商业化发展前景。     

锗基锂离子电池负极材料的制备及研究进展

随着便携式电子产品及电动汽车的快速发展,提高锂离子电池能量密度和功率密度的研究日益增多,其中负极材料作为锂离子电池必备部件之一已成为重要的研究方向。商用的石墨负极因理论容量较低限制了其应用,锗具有较高的理论比容量和优异的物理化学性质,成为锂离子电池负极材料的研究热点。本文介绍了不同形貌和组成的锗基纳米负极材料的制备方法以及国内外的研究进展,并对未来的发展方向进行了展望。     

High Reversible Capacity Si/C Composite Anodes for Lithium-Ion Rechargeable Batteries

通过镁和氧化亚硅之间的氧化还原反应制备细硅,并采用湿法混料及高温热解法合成了锂离子电池用硅/石墨/裂解碳复合负极材料。利用XRD、SEM、电化学测试考察了复合材料的结构与电化学性能,并结合循环伏安和电化学阻抗技术研究了复合材料的电化学可逆性和动力学性能。结果表明:制备的复合材料首次可逆容量为880 mAh/g,循环40次后为780 mAh/g,容量保持率可达88.6%,该方法显著改善了硅基材料作为锂离子电池负极材料的电化学性能。性能的提高主要归因于纳米结构的硅均匀分散在碳基体中,很好地抑制了充放电过程中的体积效应,同时石墨和裂解碳也充分保证了复合材料良好的导电性。     

锂离子电池用高容量硅/碳复合负极材料（英文）

通过镁和氧化亚硅之间的氧化还原反应制备细硅,并采用湿法混料及高温热解法合成了锂离子电池用硅/石墨/裂解碳复合负极材料。利用XRD、SEM、电化学测试考察了复合材料的结构与电化学性能,并结合循环伏安和电化学阻抗技术研究了复合材料的电化学可逆性和动力学性能。结果表明:制备的复合材料首次可逆容量为880 mAh/g,循环40次后为780 mAh/g,容量保持率可达88.6%,该方法显著改善了硅基材料作为锂离子电池负极材料的电化学性能。性能的提高主要归因于纳米结构的硅均匀分散在碳基体中,很好地抑制了充放电过程中的体积效应,同时石墨和裂解碳也充分保证了复合材料良好的导电性。     

纳米硅合金负极材料

本文研究了一种纳米硅合金锂离子电池负极材料的微观组织和电化学性能。研究结果表明：该负极颗粒的轮廓基本呈圆形,其内部存在着两个含硅量不同的富铜相,在颗粒表层中两相均为纳米结构。该纳米硅合金负极材料需与石墨负极材料、粘结剂和导电剂按一定比例配合使用,搅拌工艺对其电化学性能也有重要影响。在较理想的情况下,所得负极材料的首效率提高到了90%上下,比容量在100周之后仍高于500mAh/g。电池制作工艺与石墨负极相似,便于应用。     

锂离子电池用负极材料金属氢化物的研究进展(英文)

传统锂离子电池用负极材料的工作原理遵循嵌入/脱嵌机制。近年来,氧化还原机制的化合物负极材料越来越受到人们的关注,如过渡金属氧化物,氮化物,硫化物和氢化物等。研究发现,在这些金属化合物负极材料中,金属氢化物具有最小的电化学极化效应。另外,金属氢化物具有较小的分子量,所以表现出很高的电化学理论容量,更重要的是其对锂的工作电位也比其他金属化合物低(0.1～0.5V)。本文综述了金属氢化物作为锂电负极材料的研究进展及其优缺点。     

高容量锂离子电池负极

日本大和化成研究所与兵库县立工业技术中心等单位协作 ,共同研制成了一种锂离子电池用的新型高容量负极材料 ,该负极是在铜箔的两面都用电镀法镀复上一层光亮锡合金镀膜。所采用的电镀浴液中添加了特殊的添加剂和微量金属元素 ,从而能够得到晶粒细小而且表面平滑的镀膜。这种负极的制造过程简化 ,工序缩短了 ,因而生产成本大幅度降低。使用这种负极的容量要比传统的碳负极容量大约高 1 7倍 ,并且在充放电过程中由于金属间化合物的生成而引起的体积变化很小 ,且与集电极的密合性很好 ,是制造高容量锂离子电池用的优质负极材料高容量锂离子电…     

新设计解决锂电池硅基阳极粉化难题

硅是目前最重要的半导体材料,但其应用范围远不止于此。美国能源部西北太平洋国家实验室研究人员设计了一种新颖的纳米结构,能够赋予硅非凡的强度,使其有望成为锂离子电池的阳极材料,成为石墨的升级版。研究人员在《自然·通讯》杂志上发表研究报告称,他们的成果是锂离子电池硅基阳极开发的一个飞跃,为其他类型电池材料设计提供了新的思路。     

锂离子电池碳负极材料的研究现状与发展

 综述了近几年碳质锂离子电池负极材料的研究进展,比较了各类碳质材料如石墨、中间相炭微球、高比容量炭化物、石油焦、纳米碳质材料等的优缺点.重点介绍一维纳米碳质材料在锂离子电池负极材料中的应用.     

锂离子电池锑基负极材料研究进展

锑具有首次嵌／脱锂容量大等优点，是制备大容量高安全性锂离子电池负极潜在的优良材料。本文介绍了此系列材料的制备方法、特性及其用途。     

Failure mechanism of bulk silicon anode electrodes for lithium-ion batteries

Silicon has been investigated extensively as a promising anode material for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries. Understanding the failure mechanism of silicon-based anode electrodes for lithium-ion batteries is essential to solve the problem of low coulombic efficiency and capacity fading on cycling and also to further commercialize this very new energetic material in cells. To reach this goal, the structure changes of bulk silicon particles and electrode after cycling were studied using ex-situ scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The SEM images indicated that the microstructural changes of the bulk silicon particles during cycling led to a layer rupture of the electrode and then the breakdown of the conductive network and the failure of the electrode. The result contributes to the basic understanding of the failure mechanism of a bulk silicon anode electrode for lithium-ion batteries.     

Comparison of Additives in Anode:The Case of Graphene,MXene,CNTs Integration with Silicon Inside Carbon Nanofibers

Recently,graphene oxide(GO),MXene,carbon nanotubes(CNTs) have been used for compounding with other materials as anodes and cathodes to achieve excellent electrochemical properties for metal-ion batteries.However,few researches have focused on the differences between the three additives.Herein,silicon,as a typical anode,is selected to integrate with MXene,GO and CNTs in carbon nanofibers(CNFs) and form Si/MXene@CNFs,Si/GO@CNFs and Si/CNTs@CNFs,respectively.Together with the results,it can be realized that these CNFs with a significant improved performance compared with pure Si@CNFs show superiority in different aspects of electrochemical properties.Additionally,the reasons for the superiority are also discussed in this work.The addition of MXene can improve the cycle stability of the electrodes,thereby obtaining a high capacity retention rate,CNTs are favorable for the enhancement of rate performance,and the electrodes reversible capacity can be increased due to the addition of GO.Consequently,the studies on three additives may contribute to the rational design of silicon-based and other anode materials.     

Antimony-based intermetallic compounds for lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries: synthesis,construction and application

The development of alternative electrode materials with high energy densities and power densities for batteries has been actively pursued to satisfy the power demands for electronic devices and hybrid electric vehicles. Recently, antimony(Sb)-based intermetallic compounds have attracted considerable research interests as new candidate anode materials for high-performance lithium-ion batteries(LIBs) and sodium-ion batteries(SIBs) due to their high theoretical capacity and suitable operating voltage. However, these intermetallic systems undergo large volume change during charge and discharge processes, which prohibits them from practical application. The rational construction of advanced anode with unique structures has been proved to be an effective approach to enhance its electrochemical performance. This review highlights the recent progress in improving and understanding the electrochemical performances of various Sb-based intermetallic compound anodes. The developments of synthesis and construction of Sb-based intermetallic compounds are systematically summarized. The electrochemical performances of various Sb-based intermetallic compound anodes are compared in its typical applications(LIBs or SIBs).     

High-performance anode materials for Na-ion batteries

Na-ion batteries are considered a promising alternative to Li-ion batteries for large-scale energy storage systems due to their low cost and the natural abundance of Na resource. Great effort is making worldwide to develop high-performance electrode materials for Na-ion batteries,which is critical for Na-ion batteries. This review provides a comprehensive overview of anode materials for Na-ion batteries based on Na-storage mechanism: insertion-based materials, alloy-based materials, conversion-based materials and organic composites. And we summarize the Nastorage mechanism of those anode materials and discuss their failure mechanism. Furthermore, the problems and challenges associated with those anodes are pointed out,and feasible strategies are proposed for designing highperformance anode materials. According to the current state of research, the search for suitable anode materials for Na-ion batteries is still challenging although substantial progress has been achieved. Nevertheless, we believe that high-performance Na-ion batteries would be promising for practical applications in large-scale energy storage systems in the near future.     

Electrochemical characteristics of ternary and quadruple lithium silicon nitrides as anode material for lithium ion batteries： the influence of precursors

Ternary and quadruple lithium silicon nitride anode materials for lithium ion batteries with different precursors were prepared by the simple process of high-energy ball milling.High capacity and excellent cyclability were obtained.The influence of precursor introduction on the electrochemical performance of products was investigated.This research reveals that the electrochemical performance of lithium silicon hiaide can be enhanced significantly by doping O.The cyclability of quadruple lithium silicon nitride can be optimized remarkably by controlling the introduction quantity of the precursors.It is possible for the composite to be used as a capacity compensator within a wide voltage cut-off window.     

Challenges and strategies for ultrafast aqueous zinc-ion batteries

With the rising demand for fast-charging technology in electric vehicles and portable devices,significant efforts have been devoted to the development of the highrate batteries.Among numerous candidates,rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion batteries(ZlBs) are a promising option due to its high theoretical capacity,low redox potential of zinc metal anode and inherent high ionic conductivity of aqueous electrolyte.As the strong electrostatic interaction between Zn~(2+) and host generally leads to sluggish electrode kinetics,many strategies have been proposed to enhance fast(dis)charging performance.Herein,we review the state-of-the-art ultrafast aqueous ZIBs and focus on the rational electrode-designing strategies,such as crystal structure engineering,nanostructuring and morphology controlling,conductive materials introducing and organic molecule designing.Recent research directions and future perspectives are also proposed in this review.     

Facile Preparation of NiO@graphene Nanocomposite with Superior Performances as Anode for Li-ion Batteries

Transition metal oxides gain considerable research attentions as potential anode materials for lithium ion batteries, but their applications are hindered due to their poor electronic conductivity, weak cycle stability and drastic volume change. Here, a NiO@graphene composite with a unique 3D conductive network structure is prepared through a simple strategy. When applied as anode material for Li-ion batteries, at 50 mA g^-1, the NiO@graphene displays a high reversible capacity of 1366 mAh g^-1 and a stable cyclability of 205 mAh g^-1 after 500 cycles. Even at a high rate of 10 A g^-1, it displays a favorable reversible capacity of 711 mAh g^-1. Remarkably, when it recovers back to 0.05 A g^-1, a reversible capacity of 1741 mAh g^-1 is achieved. Thus, the NiO@graphene composite with 3D structure shows good application prospects as an alternative anode for advanced lithium ion batteries.