一种基于定时段区域补偿的视频对象分割算法

在传统时空联合算法的基础上,提出了一种基于定时段区域补偿的视频对象分割后处理算法。首先,通过对帧差图像进行噪声抑制和膨胀连接获得变化检测模板;然后,对原始图像进行开闭重构简化,求取形态学梯度,通过对形态学梯度图像进行非线性变换和梯度等级划分并最终由分水岭算法获得对象的精确边界,通过比例运算提取出视频对象的初始二值化模板;最后,通过定时段区域补偿获得最终的完整视频对象模板。实验结果证明了该算法的正确性和有效性。     

基于压缩感知和熵计算的关键帧提取算法

针对关键帧提取问题,提出了一种基于压缩感知理 论和熵计算的关键帧提取算法, 首先通过构造符合有限等距性质要求的稀疏随机投影矩阵,将高维多尺度帧图像特征变换为 低维多尺度帧图像特征, 并形成视频镜头低维多尺度特征列向量组;然后通过随机权值向量与低维多尺度特征向量的 阿达玛乘积运算生成各 帧图像的匹配特征,并根据匹配特征的相似性度量完成镜头内部的子镜头分割;最后通过交 叉熵计算在每个子镜头 中得到可能的关键帧,并由图像熵计算确定最终的关键帧。实验表明,与传统方法相比,本 文算法提取的关键帧能够更精确、更稳定描述视频镜头内容。     

基于灰度梯度分割的机头检测算法

在末制导阶段,提出了基于灰度梯度分割的机头检测算法.首先利用平均梯度算子进行边缘检测,分割出目标区域和目标最亮区域,寻找各区域形心位置,通过判断目标区域形心和目标最亮区域形心位置,检测出飞机轴线,确定出候选机头信息;然后利用序列图像帧间较为稳定的相关特征进行D-S合成,对候选机头信息的可信度进行判断,得出准确的机头信息;最后利用数帧不同姿态的目标红外图像数据进行了算法验证.仿真结果表明:在末制导阶段,基于灰度梯度分割的机头检测算法,可有效地识别出机头,并具有较快的运算速度,可实现实时处理.     

基于Snake活动轮廓模型的视频跟踪分割方法

基于Snake活动轮廓模型,采用时空融合的方式,根据短时间内相邻帧的运动趋势差异相似的前提,首先将视频序列分成若干个小段,每段有k帧视频,选取段内的前两帧为关键帧,通过运动检测的方式自动得到这两帧中运动对象的大致区域;然后进行帧内Snake演变,搜索精确轮廓;最后以关键帧间运动对象形心的运动矢量预测勾勒后续帧的初始轮廓,进行帧内Snake精确轮廓定位,从而实现所有帧的视频对象分割。相比于传统方法,本文方法克服了手动绘制初始轮廓的缺点,在空域对Snake贪婪方法进行了改进而且精确度高,速度快。实验表明,本文方法成功地实现了前后帧图像之间运动对象的对应匹配关系,并通过改进后的Snake贪婪方法得到了精确的分割结果。     

HEVC压缩域的视频摘要关键帧提取方法

为了提高关键帧提取的准确率，改善视频摘要的质量，提出了一种HEVC压缩域的视频摘要关键帧提取方法。首先，对视频序列进行编解码，在解码中统计HEVC帧内编码PU块的亮度预测模式数目。然后，特征提取是利用统计得到的模式数目构建成模式特征向量，并将其作为视频帧的纹理特征用于关键帧的提取。最后，利用融合迭代自组织数据分析算法(ISODATA）的自适应聚类算法对模式特征向量进行聚类，在聚类结果中选取每个类内中间向量对应的帧作为候选关键帧，并通过相似度对候选关键帧进行再次筛选，剔除冗余帧，得到最终的关键帧。实验结果表明，在Open Video Project数据集上进行的大量实验验证，该方法提取关键帧的精度为79.9%、召回率达到93.6%、F-score为86.2%，有效地改善了视频摘要的质量。      

基于模糊聚类的视频对象分割

提出了一种基于模糊聚类的视频对象分割方法.首先通过对连续三帧视频图像进行二次差分来得到二次差分图像;然后估计噪声的特征参数滤除背景噪声,提取出视频对象的运动区域;再利用改进的FCM聚类算法对二次帧差图像中的视频对象运动区域进行空域分割,对空域分割结果进行形态学处理,得到视频对象掩模;最终获得较为理想的视频对象.实验结果表明,该算法能够较为准确地分割出视频对象,并且在空间准确度上占优.     

基于时域定区间记忆补偿的视频对象分割算法

提出了一种新的基于时域定区间记忆补偿的视频对象分割算法。首先,使用对称帧帧差累计法及帧差图像的四阶矩检测出初始运动变化区域;然后,对检测出的初始运动变化区域通过时域定区间记忆补偿法进行补偿,并进一步整合形成全局运动记忆母板,在空域使用Sobel边缘检测算子较为精确地检测得到当前帧中所有边缘;最后,进行时空融合,从而提取出完整精细的运动对象轮廓并通过填充得到运动对象模板。实验证明了本文算法的正确性和快速性。     

基于变化检测和帧差累积的视频对象分割方法

针对目前许多视频对象分割方法中分割边界不精 确、遮挡和不规则运动问题解决效果 不好等问题,提出一种新的视频 对象分割算法。利用人眼的视觉特点,即对运动(时间梯度)和边缘(空间梯度)都特别敏 感,把帧间运动变化检测(时域 定区间帧差累积)和图像的边缘检测结合起来,首先利用t显著 性检验检测对称帧的帧间变化,再对检测出的初始运动变化 区域进行时域定区间帧差累积计算,并进一步整合形成记忆掩膜(MT);然后应用改进的Kirs ch边 缘检测算子较为精确地检测当 前帧中所有的边缘信息,减少MT膜中的残留噪声,并通过时空滤波获得语义视频对 象平面;最终选择性的应用填充及 形态学处理操作,实现视频对象的分割。实验结果验证了本文算法的有效性和准确性。     

基于SURF和改进RANSAC的视频拼接算法

在传统的视频拼接算法中,配准的误差和运动的物体都会使拼接结果产生鬼影,而复杂的融合算法又难以满足实时性要求。针对上述问题,以平行光轴且光心位于同一水平基线位置的双目相机采集的视频图像为研究对象,提出一种基于限定区域和SURF算法的视频拼接方法。针对采集到的具有20%~30%重叠感兴趣区域(ROI)的视频图像,每24帧设置一个关键帧,仅对关键帧的ROI区域采用SURF算法寻找特征匹配点对。然后采用改进的RANSAC算法筛选单应性变换矩阵H,对非关键帧直接采用此单应性变换矩阵H进行图像融合。实验结果表明,采用关键帧计算特征点的方式得到的视频拼接效果能够很好地消除鬼影,同时也能够保证视频融合的实时性。     

基于动态规划的自适应关键帧提取算法

提出一种基于内容的视频检索系统的关键帧提取新算法,把关键帧提取问题建模为一个可以用动态规划算法隶解的全局优化问题.首先建立二值的帧差矩阵来表示低维特征空间中帧与帧之间的相似性度量,然后使用动态规划算法分割帧差矩阵从而提取出关键帧.该算法具有低计算复杂度和对于视频内容的自适应性,而且保持了关键帧的时间顺序.可以方便地根据需要调节关键帧数目.     

结合视觉特性的红外图像增强方法

为了增强红外图像的细节信息,改善图像视觉效果,将视觉特性与红外图像特征结合,提出了一种结合视觉特性的图像增强方法。首先,对图像运用Weber定律进行亮度处理,并在对数域角度,利用背景强度与光强梯度呈局部线性关系的特性,模拟视觉系统来分割图像。然后,分别对分割图像进行增强处理,过暗、过亮区域采用改进的自适应直方图均衡算法、Weber区域采用多尺度Retinex算法。最后,三区域构建图像,输出细节突出、亮度适中的红外图像。实验结果表明:本文算法增强了图像细节、缩短了运行时间、有效地消除“光晕”现象,改善了图像的视觉效果,具有较好的应用前景。     

Optimal brightness functions for optical flow estimation ofdeformable motion

Estimation accuracy of Horn and Schunck's (1981) classical optical flow algorithm depends on many factors including the brightness pattern of the measured images. Since some applications can select brightness functions with which to "paint" the object, it is desirable to know what patterns will lead to the best motion estimates. The paper presents a method for determining this pattern a priori using mild assumptions about the velocity field and imaging process. The method is based on formulating Horn and Schunck's algorithm as a linear smoother and rigorously deriving an expression for the corresponding error covariance function. The authors then specify a scalar performance measure and develop an approach to select an optimal brightness function which minimizes this performance measure from within a parametrized class. Conditions for existence of an optimal brightness function are also given. The resulting optimal performance is demonstrated using simulations, and a discussion of these results and potential future research is given.     

On the Computation of Optical Flow using the 3-D Gabor Transform

The motion of brightness patterns in an image sequence (optical flow) is most intuitively considered as a spatiotemporal phenomenon. It has been shown, however, that motion has a characteristic signature in the spatiotemporal-frequency (Fourier) domain. This fact can be exploited for the computation of optical flow. However, for cases which involve a number of regions in a sequence with different motions, as in scenes with one or more objects moving against a stationary or moving background, the global nature of the Fourier transform makes it unsuitable for this task. The signatures of the different motions cannot be resolved in the Fourier domain, nor associated with their respective regions in the image sequence. Local frequency representations provide a means to address this problem. In this paper, we consider the application of a 3-D version of the widely used Gabor transform to the computation of optical flow.     

基于纹理抑制的磁环表面缺陷检测方法研究

针对磁环表面缺陷图像具有对比度低、纹理背景复 杂、缺陷种类多和亮度不均匀等问题,提出了一种基于改进自适应Canny算法和掩模技术的 磁环表面缺陷提取方法。首先,在分析磁环表面图像中不同 区域灰度特征和梯度特征的基础上,通过拟合磁环内外轮廓构造掩模图像,以便屏蔽磁环背 景区域的干扰; 然后,利用提出的基于8邻域各向异性滤波的改进自适应Canny边缘检测算法,抑制磁环表面 纹理的干扰;最后, 利用图像数字形态学增强边缘连通域,并利用构造的掩模图像提取磁环表面缺陷。利用开发 的样机 进行了大量的在线实验。实验结果表明,本文缺陷提取算法稳定性好,鲁棒性强,能够准确 、快速地提取 出磁环表面图像各区域的缺陷,表面缺陷检测的准确率为97.3%。     

Filling-in by joint interpolation of vector fields and gray levels

A variational approach for filling-in regions of missing data in digital images is introduced. The approach is based on joint interpolation of the image gray levels and gradient/isophotes directions, smoothly extending in an automatic fashion the isophote lines into the holes of missing data. This interpolation is computed by solving the variational problem via its gradient descent flow, which leads to a set of coupled second order partial differential equations, one for the gray-levels and one for the gradient orientations. The process underlying this approach can be considered as an interpretation of the Gestaltist's principle of good continuation. No limitations are imposed on the topology of the holes, and all regions of missing data can be simultaneously processed, even if they are surrounded by completely different structures. Applications of this technique include the restoration of old photographs and removal of superimposed text like dates, subtitles, or publicity. Examples of these applications are given. We conclude the paper with a number of theoretical results on the proposed variational approach and its corresponding gradient descent flow.     

自适应双边滤波与方向梯度的红外图像增强

为克服现有的红外图像增强方法存在欠增强、过增强以及对比度不高等缺陷,提出了自适应双边滤波与方向梯度的红外图像增强方法。对双边滤波进行改进,加权系数自适应于平滑区域和细节区域,以作为Retinex的中心环绕函数,将红外图像分解为基础层和细节层;用改进的平台直方图均衡化对基础层图像进行增强;提出一种方向梯度算子,用其提取细节层图像的梯度图,进而对细节层图像进行非线性的自适应边缘增强。实验结果表明,相对于部分现有的方法,本文方法能更有效地提升红外图像的亮度和对比度,增强图像的视觉效果更佳。     

Gradient-based multiresolution image fusion

A novel approach to multiresolution signal-level image fusion is presented for accurately transferring visual information from any number of input image signals, into a single fused image without loss of information or the introduction of distortion. The proposed system uses a "fuse-then-decompose" technique realized through a novel, fusion/decomposition system architecture. In particular, information fusion is performed on a multiresolution gradient map representation domain of image signal information. At each resolution, input images are represented as gradient maps and combined to produce new, fused gradient maps. Fused gradient map signals are processed, using gradient filters derived from high-pass quadrature mirror filters to yield a fused multiresolution pyramid representation. The fused output image is obtained by applying, on the fused pyramid, a reconstruction process that is analogous to that of conventional discrete wavelet transform. This new gradient fusion significantly reduces the amount of distortion artefacts and the loss of contrast information usually observed in fused images obtained from conventional multiresolution fusion schemes. This is because fusion in the gradient map domain significantly improves the reliability of the feature selection and information fusion processes. Fusion performance is evaluated through informal visual inspection and subjective psychometric preference tests, as well as objective fusion performance measurements. Results clearly demonstrate the superiority of this new approach when compared to conventional fusion systems.     

基于大气散射模型的图像去雾及亮度增强算法

针对雾图能见度低和去雾图像亮度偏暗的问题,提出一种基于大气散射模型的双阶段去雾算法。首先使用线性变换估算复原图像亮度,使用拉伸方法估算复原图像饱和度,根据复原图像亮度、饱和度估算其最小通道,联合雾图最小通道获取粗糙透射率。在不同阶段分别使用双梯度代价函数、导向滤波优化粗糙透射率,依据大气散射模型复原图像和增强亮度。实验结果表明,所提算法复原图像更清晰明亮;图像综合质量、峰值信噪比和运行时间等客观指标均值优于所有比较算法,其中图像综合质量最少提高1.55倍,运行速度最少加速1.50倍。所提算法有效地增强了雾图的能见度和明亮度。     

基于标准差梯度的模糊边缘检测算法

红外图像的边缘检测是图像处理领域的难题之一。结合红外图像的特点,将最小误差原理推广到模糊域进而应用到红外图像的边缘检测上,提出了一种基于标准差梯度的红外图像模糊边缘检测算法。首先提出了一种基于标准差的梯度算子,将图像中潜在的边缘区域很好地区分出来;而后引入模糊最小误差阈值算法．根据此算法自适应提取了标准差梯度图像中的最优阈值,从而实现了红外图像的目标边缘检测。与传统的基于梯度的红外图像边缘检测算法进行对比实验,结果表明,该算法用于红外图像边缘检测能获得更好的效果。     

Estimating Snow Accumulation From InSAR Correlation Observations

Snow accumulation in remote regions, such as Greenland and Antarctica, is a key factor for estimating the Earth's ice mass balance. In situ data are sparse; hence, they are useful to derive snow accumulation from remote sensing observations, such as microwave thermal emission and radar brightness. These data are usually interpreted using electromagnetic models in which volume scattering is the dominant mechanism. The main limitation of this approach is that microwave brightness is not well related to backscatter if the ice sheet is layered. Because larger grain size and thicker annual layers both increase radar image brightness, with the first corresponding to lower accumulation rate and the second to higher accumulation rate, models of radar brightness alone cannot accurately reflect accumulation. Consideration of correlation measurements can also resolve this ambiguity. We introduce an interferometric ice scattering model that relates the interferometric synthetic aperture radar correlation and radar brightness to both ice grain size and hoar layer spacing in the dry-snow zone of Greenland. We use this model and the European Remote Sensing satellite radar observations to derive several parameters related to snow accumulation rates in a small area in the dry-snow zone. These parameters show agreement with four in situ core accumulation rate measurements in this area, whereas models using only radar brightness data do not match the observed variation in accumulation rates