固体径迹法测量D-D中子源水泥反射中子

叙述了水泥反射体中D-D中子源反射中子测量实验原理。测量了无反射体、有反射体、本底三种状态下中子引发235U(包镉)、238U产生的裂变率。并根据裂变率得到实验装置下水泥反射体对中子的反射系数。对反射系数随角度变化趋势进行了分析。     

水泥材料的反射中子实验研究

采用铀核裂变法和活化法实验研究D-T聚变中子在水泥材料上的反射中子.在铁球壳外表面水平赤道方向上,用小型浓缩铀和贫化铀裂变电离室结合俘获探测器测量了反射中子引起的235U(包镉)和238U裂变反应率,实验不确定度分别为6.1%-7.3%和6.4%-7.4%.用5种高阈能活化箔测量了反射中子引起的活化反应率,实验不确定度为7.2%-8.0%.比较了252Cf自发裂变中子在水泥材料上反射中子引起的235U(包镉)裂变反应率测量结果.讨论和分析了实验结果.     

14 MeV中子穿过组合材料引发238U绝对裂变率的测量

为检验计算方法与参数，用小型平板铀裂变室测量了铁球壳表面沿赤道方向不同位置14 MeV中子穿透实验模型后引起的。^238U绝对裂变反应率，并与MCNP/4A和ENDF/B-V库数据计算结果相比较。实验总误差为6．1％。     

特定实验条件下中子引发~(238)U裂变率测量可行性研究

用小型平板裂变室测量中子穿透实验模型后引发238U绝对裂变率,掌握小空间测量中子技术。通过对有无反射壳测量结果的比较,得到中子对反射壳反射因数。实验结果与MCNP模拟计算结果比较,以此来检验计算方法与参数。     

固体径迹法测量水泥反射体中~(252)Cf中子源反射中子

叙述了水泥反射体中~(252)Cf中子源反射中子测量实验原理。测量了无反射体、有反射体、本底三种状态下中子引发~(235)U产生的裂变率。并根据裂变率得到实验模型下水泥反射体对中子的反射系数。比较了不同中子源相同实验模型水泥反射体对中子的反射系数,对反射系数随角度变化趋势进行了分析。同时,对固体径迹探测技术进行了研究,探索了最佳蚀刻条件,得到火花放电计数随信号膜质量厚度及蚀刻厚度变化趋势。标定了固体径迹火花自动计数器效率,发展了固体径迹探测技术。     

20 ^235U和^238U裂变率分布测量应考虑的因素

用箔片活化法测量堆内^235U和^238U裂变率时，由于探测箔内待测核素的富集度不是特别高，铀箔辐照后，测到的某个γ射线能量（如1596keV）的计数来源于这两种核素（^235U和^238U）核裂变产生的相同裂变产物（^140La），即测量中不可能单独测量^235U或^238U裂变产生的^140La的γ射线的计数。     

6Li(n,t)4He反应微分截面的实验测量

用屏栅电离室对1．85和2．67MeV中子^6Li(n,t)^4He反应的微分截面及截面进行了测量。使用氚固体靶通过T(p,n)^3He反应产生中子,利用BF3长中子管进行相对中子通量监测,绝对中子通量则用^238U(n,f)反应来刻度。测量结果与已有数据进行了比较。     

用活化法无损测定金属铀样品中~(238)U的含量

238U作为一种重要的裂变材料,其含量的准确测定在裂变产额数据测量中具有重要意义。在四川大学2.5 Me V质子静电加速器上,利用T(p,n)3He反应产生的483 ke V单能中子照射金属铀样品,对照射后生成放射性核素239Np的特征γ射线进行测量,利用已知的238U(n,γ)俘获截面数据实现了对238U含量的准确测量。对影响测量结果准确性的因素做了细致分析,采用蒙特卡罗方法应用软件MCNPX(Monte Carlo N-Particle e Xtended)对中子的多次散射效应和中子注量衰减效应进行了修正,对γ射线在样品中的自吸收也进行了修正,修正后的实验结果是2.884 2 g金属铀含5.712 8×1021个238U原子,实验结果的不确定度是4.1%。     

DF-Ⅵ堆中心平均裂变截面比~(238)■_f/~(235)■_f计算

计算和测量反应堆芯部可裂变材料的平均裂变截面比,使有可能估算出堆芯部中子能谱的硬化程度。计算和测量~(238)U和~(235)U的平均裂变截面比~(238)■_f/~(235)■_f,就能估算出堆芯部~(238)U裂变阈1.4 MeV以上的中子份额。用固态核径迹探测器法已测得DF-VI堆芯部     

19.1MeV中子诱发~(235)U裂变质量分布研究

用双裂变电离室测量了靶物质碎片的裂变率，由阈探测器测量了中子能谱，用γ能谱法测量了19．1Mev中子诱发^235U裂变时^95Zr，^147Nd等35种产物核素的产额。并绘制了产额－质量分布曲线。     

Hydrogen absorption by Pd-coated ZrNi prepared by using Barrel-Sputtering System

To improve the durability of hydrogen storage materials against surface poisoning by impurity gases, effectiveness of Pd-coating layer prepared by using a Barrel-Sputtering System was examined for ZrNi powder. The effectiveness of Pd-coating was evaluated by activation temperature, at which Pd/ZrNi poisoned by air could be activated to absorb hydrogen. Characterization of Pd-coated ZrNi (denoted as Pd/ZrNi) by scanning electron microscopy, electron probe microanalysis and X-ray diffraction showed that a uniform Pd-coating layer was formed with the barrel-sputtering system. It was found that the poisoned Pd/ZrNi sample could be activated even at 423 K to absorb hydrogen at room temperature. This exhibits remarkable contrast to bare ZrNi, which could be only activated appreciably above 1073 K. It is concluded that the Pd-coating by barrel sputtering is quite effective to avoid the effect of surface poisoning of powdery hydrogen storage materials. However, the activation at excessively high temperature resulted in the loss of high activity to absorb hydrogen. It was concluded that this phenomenon was associated with reactions between Pd and ZrNi to form PdZr and other byproducts.     

Deuterium trapping by irradiation damage in tungsten induced by different displacement processes

The deuterium trapping behaviors in tungsten damaged by light ions with lower energy (10 keV C⁺ and 3 keV He⁺) or a heavy ion with higher energy (2.8 MeV Fe²⁺) were compared by means of TDS to understand the effects of cascade collisions on deuterium retention in tungsten. By light ion irradiation, most of deuterium was trapped by vacancies, whose retention was almost saturated at the damage level of 0.2 dpa. For the heavy ion irradiation, the deuterium trapping by voids was found, indicating that cascade collisions by the heavy ion irradiation would create the voids in tungsten. Most of deuterium trapped by the voids was desorbed in higher temperature region compared to that trapped by vacancies. It was also found that deuterium could accumulate in the voids, resulting in the formation of blisters in tungsten.     

DNA End-Joining Catalyzed by Cell-Free Extracts After Damaged by Heavy Ions

It is ineluctability that the damage to astronaut will be induced by heavy ions along with the development to outer space. So the experiment of DNA end-joining catalyzed by cell-free extracts after DNA damaging by heavy ions is done.     

Nanoscale metal-silicide films prepared by surfactant sputtering and analyzed by RBS

Surfactant sputtering has been applied to modify the surface structure of Si substrates and to produce ultrathin metal-silicide films with nickel and platinum surfactants, utilizing the steady state coverage of a Si-substrate surface with surfactant atoms simultaneously during sputter erosion by combined ion irradiation and surfactant atom deposition. Si (1 0 0) substrates were eroded using 5 keV Xe-ions and 10–30 keV Ar ions at incident angles of 65° and 70° with fluences of up to 2 × 10¹⁸/cm² under continuous sputter deposition of platinum and nickel from targets irradiated simultaneously by the same ion beam. These surfactant atoms form metal-silicides in the surface near region and strongly modify the substrate sputter yield and the surface nanostructure. Atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were carried out to observe a transition of surface topography from ripple to relief patterns, granular patterns or smooth surfaces. The Si and metal sputter yield as function of the steady state metal coverage were determined by combination of Rutherford-backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) and profilometry. The composition and the depth distributions of metal-silicide films were analyzed via high-resolution RBS and transmission electron microscopy. We show that RBS results in comparison with SRIM and TRIDYN sputter yield simulations allows us to identify the silicide surface structure on the nanometer scale.     

Ku70对辐射诱导的BRCA1表达的影响

为探讨核蛋白Ku70对经γ射线照射后乳腺癌易感基因BRCA1表达的影响,本研究通过靶向升高或降低Ku70,观察了Ku70基因对BRCA1蛋白和mRNA表达水平的影响,以及Ku70对照射后SGC7901、EC109、H460 3种肿瘤细胞BRCA1表达的影响.结果表明:经siKu70处理的3种肿瘤细胞BRCA1的蛋白和m...     

SBS及~(60)Co辐照SBS改性沥青的制备

通过苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SBS)含量、助溶剂类型及用量、加工温度、加工时间、辐照剂量率和辐照剂量条件优化实验,对SBS改性沥青制备方法、60 Co辐照SBS制备方法及辐照SBS改性沥青制备方法进行研究;通过对改性沥青结合料制品各项性能指标测试,对制备方法进行评价。实验结果表明,质量分数为15%~20%的SBS,质量分数为15%~30%的助溶剂,混匀后在100~165℃下,100~200r/min机械搅拌20~30min,升温至180~210℃,100~200r/min机械搅拌90~140min,或120~160℃下,100~200r/min机械搅拌80~100min,制得的SBS改性沥青结合料性能较好;60 Co 0.75kGy/h剂量率、30kGy剂量、真空辐照的辐照SBS改性沥青结合料性能较好。     

Particle emission by fission

We have investigated the sputtering by fission fragments of Cu, Al and Nb doped with 0.1 at % ²³⁵U and bombarded with thermal neutrons. This was primarily a search for micron-size particles emitted from the surfaces of the doped sources. Kaminsky et al. have observed large particles (several microns in size) emitted from the surface of samples bombarded by 14 MeV neutrons, with a maximum knock-on energy of 600 keV in Nb. The fission energy deposition of 200 MeV should be more than adequate to yield any observable effects that might be present at 600 keV. The concentration of fission events was 10 times the concentration of primary knock-ons in the Kaminsky experiments. With scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive X-ray analyses of our sputtering collectors both before and after irradiation, we found no sputtered particles larger than our detection limit of 0.1 μm.     

Dechanneling by lattice defects

Backscattering measurements were used to study the dechanneling of ¹H⁺ and ⁴He⁺ ions in irradiated crystals of Al and Cu. The effect of the annealing of self-interstitials and vacancies on dechanneling was correlated with the formation of Al-Ag mixed dumbbells and vacancy-Sn atom complexes in dilute alloys of Al. The depth profile of damage produced in Al-0.1 at.% Ag by 0.5 MeV He⁺ irradiation was measured by ¹H⁺ dechanneling. The rate of dechanneling of ¹H⁺ ions in ⁴H⁺-irradiated Al-0.1 at.% Ag Cu-0.06 at.% Au and Cu-0.25 at.% Be crystals exhibited ion energy dependences between E^?0.5 and E^?0.9. Dechanneling from small defect clusters in Cu-0.06 at.% Au increased linearly with increasing sample temperature. The dechanneling cross-sections for Al-Ag mixed dumbbells in Al, and Cu-Be mixed dumbbells in Cu were σ_d～- 8 × 10^?18 cm². The results were compared with dechanneling theories.     

Enhanced by Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma Pretreatment Irradiated by High-Intensity Pulsed Ion Beam

In order to develop a more economical pretreatment method for electroless nickel plating, a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma at atmospheric pressure was used to improve the hydrophilicity and adhesion of poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) nonwoven fabric. The properties of the PET nonwoven fabric including its liquid absorptive capacity (WA), aging behavior, surface chemical composition, morphology of the surface, adhesion strength, surface electrical resistivity and electromagnetic interference (EMI)- shielding effectiveness (SE) were studied. The liquid absorptive capacity (WA) increased due to the incorporation of oxygen-containing and nitrogen-containing functional groups on the surface of PET nonwoven fabric after DBD air-plasma treatment. The surface morphology of the nonwoven fibers became rougher after plasma treatment. Therefore, the surface was more prone to absorb tin sensitizer and palladium catalyst to form an active layer for the deposition of electroless nickel. SEM and X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements indicated that a uniform coating of nickel was formed on the PET nonwoven fabric. The average EMI-SE of Ni-plating of PET nonwoven fabric maintained a relatively stable value (38.2 to 37.3 dB) in a frequency range of 50 to 1500 MHz. It is concluded that DBD is feasible for pretreatment of nonwoven fabric for electroless nickel plating to prepare functional material with good EMI-SE properties.