CAD智能工程数据库系统

通过对共性工程数据及其关系的讨论,提出了一种CAD技术集成方案。采用基于C／S结构的分布式计算,引入知识工程,建立知识库,应用推机制,通过开发方便的操作工具,使得共性工程数据库中数据的使用具有智能化,从而方便设计人员的使用。     

应用型工程数据库系统中性能优化技术研究

该文分析了应用型工程数据库应用领域及其特点,指出通过数据预处理、合理使用范式规则设计表结构等来优化工程数据库数据表。同时提出了索引和查询语句优化选择、事务执行转向服务器端进行数据操作等手段优化数据库性能。     

一种基于设计过程的附加式工程数据库系统的研究与设计

针对传统ＣＡＤ系统在设计信息管理上的薄弱环节,提出了一种基于设计过程的附加式工程数据库系统,将工程数据库通过应用程序和数据接口附加在ＣＡＤ系统上,通过二者的有机结合,实现了设计过程中的数据动态实时交换和在线加载,达到了数据共享、重用以及集成化、结构化管理的目的。附加式工程数据库的应用增强了ＣＡＤ功能,提高了设计效率和质量。     

面向对象的有限元工程软件体系结构研究

软件体系结构对软件性能和质量及生命周期的影响是非常关键的，它与具体的开发过程紧密相关。面向对象的有限元程序设计可以大大提高程序的模块化和代码的重用性。文章在有限元基本数据封装和单元过程设计的基础上，构建了有限元工程软件构架和原型，详细讨论了如何使用该软件构架进行有限元程序开发的方法。实例应用表明，和传统的方案相比，此方法能更完整地抽象出各类有限元数据的共性，能更好地适应系统的扩充。     

反应堆仪控系统工程管理数据库的设计与开发

为更加科学管理10 MW固态燃料钍基熔盐堆核能系统仪控系统的相关数据及文件,提出反应堆仪控系统工程管理数据库的设计方案。根据反应堆数字化仪控系统的软硬件信息紧密相关的特点,对工程数据进行分析与分类,设计仪控系统工程管理数据库的数据结构,使用MySql软件进行数据管理。在此基础上,应用B/S结构软件开发技术实现数据管理平台的功能开发。实践验证了该数据库系统提高了工程管理效率,为今后反应堆的数据管理和科学使用奠定了基础。     

基于XML的工程数据表达方法研究

随着企业信息化应用的不断深入,工程数据的存储和显示,特别是图形和文字混合的工程数据的存储和显示,仅靠转义字符的表达形式已无法满足现有的应用需求。提出了一种基于XML的工程语义表达模型,并给出了该表达模型的实现框架,它不仅能表达各种自定义的图形工程数据,而且能与其他文本信息统一集成,给工程数据的显示以及工程语义的提取带来了方便。该表达模型在CAD和CAPP中得到了应用,取得了良好的效果。     

基于XML的工程数据表达方法研究

随着企业信息化应用的不断深入,工程数据的存储和显示,特别是图形和文字混合的工程数据的存储和显示,仅靠转义字符的表达形式已无法满足现有的应用需求。提出了一种基于XML的工程语义表达模型,并给出了该表达模型的实现框架,它不仅能表达各种自定义的图形工程数据,而且能与其他文本信息统一集成,给工程数据的显示以及工程语义的提取带来了方便。该表达模型在CAD和CAPP中得到了应用,取得了良好的效果。     

基于数据仓库技术的工程数据管理系统的研究与实现

工程试验产生的数据组织分散、模式复杂而多变，从而要求工程数据管理系统能够统一管理数据，并具有良好的用户定义特征和数据扩展能力．本文描述了一个面向工程试验数据仓库体系结构的分析和设计，并实际应用到了试飞数据管理系统中，达到了预定的目标．同时提出了利用元对象实现不同模式数据集中管理和使用的方法．     

基于Web的建筑装饰工程数据集成管理平台

为提高数据集成管理综合水平,文章开展基于Web的数据集成管理平台的开发与设计研究。首先,引进Web技术设计针对工程数据的集成管理平台架构,选用S3C-44B0X型号的Web服务器作为平台的主要硬件设备;其次,在硬件设备支撑下,将数据录入平台的中间层,在中间层中进行工程数据的处理;再次,使用MySQL Server2018,建立建筑装饰工程数据仓库;最后,在数据仓库中建立不同工程数据的索引,设计建筑装饰工程数据空间的集成和管理,完成平台开发。实验证明,设计的集成管理平台在实际应用中效果良好,可在确保平台集成管理节点数量被限制的条件下提高集成管理响应速度。     

一种可配置数据结构模型在汽车工程数据库中的应用

为了建立支撑汽车研发的数据库平台,在分析汽车工程数据特点基础上,提出一种数据库结构设计方法。该方法借鉴部分面向对象思想,首先对技术指标体系进行抽象及划分,然后配置对象模型,最后实例化产生实体。基于此思路设计数据库表结构模型,并在汽车工程数据库建设项目中使用该模型作为基础架构。应用情况表明该模型能够有效地描述工程数据,并能满足扩展需求。     

A multi-disciplinary strategy for computer-aided clothing thermal engineering design

The designers and manufactures in apparel industry have urgent needs in designing clothing with superior thermal functions with user-friendly and cost-effective design tools. This paper presents a multi-disciplinary strategy for computer-aided clothing thermal engineering design. It provides a systematical approach to integrate multi-disciplinary knowledge and transfer it into engineering-oriented design tools, thus the designers and manufacturers can easily carry out 1D, 2D and even 3D clothing thermal engineering designs according to the practical design requirements with a short design cycle and low design cost. The research work of this strategy begins from the investigation of the role of the thermal functions of clothing in the thermal comfort of human body. Then the framework is proposed to integrate the multi-disciplinary knowledge and illustrate the process to achieve the thermal engineering design of clothing. The important issues in the realization of computational simulation are addressed, including multi-scale model integration, data availability of characteristic parameters and hierarchical computational scheme. To issue easy-to-use design tools, the thermal functional design of clothing is quantified with important influence parameters, and the user-friendly wizard is designed for the CAD system development. Finally, the design applications of this strategy are discussed in terms of 1D, 2D and 3D thermal engineering designs with versatile CAD systems.     

Fostering the transfer of empirical engineering knowledge under technological paradigm shift: An experimental study in conceptual design

Knowledge transfer is a frequently-used method for novice engineers to rapidly adapt themselves to a related new technological paradigm. However, due to different types in knowledge transfer, it remains divergent about the mechanism and motivation, leading to the chaos in tackling the low-quality and low-efficiency transfer process. This study concentrated on the individual-level transfer of empirical engineering knowledge (EEK) in product designers’ mind triggered by technological paradigm shift, trying to accelerate the process and improve the result. Based on concept-knowledge model and eye-tracking data, this paper proposed a two-phase protocol and implements it in a practical case of conceptual design. Three factors of designers, prior cognitive level, utilization of the stimulus materials, and self-directed learning willingness, were evaluated and investigated. Results of 82 engineering students and young scholars showed that all three factors significantly impacted the validity and integrity of transferred EEK, and the efficiency of EEK transfer process. Specifically, key concepts in the stimulus materials, and creativity and initiative in learning willingness improved the validity and integrity. Non-essential words and too complex drawings lowered the efficiency. High cognitive level had side-effects on the transfer. These results inferred that the transfer of EEK could be fostered by wisely reusing past experience, selectively utilizing stimulus materials, and actively promoting learning willingness, which helps the designers to perform better in product design innovation.     

Human factors problems and solutions

The human engineer faces both organisational and technical difficulties in making his contribution to system development. Since engineering designers and managers are relatively indifferent to behavioural problems, they are inclined to ignore human engineering inputs. In addition, the available techniques for answering complex behavioural questions arising during development are not adequate. A continuing process of indoctrination may ultimately change engineering attitudes but this process will be very slow. It seems more effective to concentrate on developing the necessary human engineering techniques to answer development questions and thereby demonstrate the worth of Human Factors in system development. This process will also be slow but at least it will be under the control of Human Factors specialists. Eighteen areas of research to develop the necessary techniques are described.     

Knowledge management of product design: A requirements-oriented knowledge management framework based on Kansei engineering and knowledge map

For the knowledge management of product design, knowledge innovation is the foundation and motivation for the independent innovation and enhancing the core competitiveness. Most of the product knowledge exists in the brain of designers. How to obtain the required knowledge accurately in massive knowledge database becomes the key to knowledge innovation. However, the design knowledge based on consumer’s requirement has not been extensively studied. There is no consensus on the reasonable and effective implementation of the knowledge management framework to select the optimum design knowledge based on the consumer’s requirements. In this study, to efficiently realize the knowledge acquisition and knowledge selection, a requirements-oriented knowledge management model is established, with the advantage of Kansei engineering in knowledge acquisition and multi-objective decision-making in knowledge selection. Finally, the outdoor leisure chairs design is used as a case study to explain the implementation of the knowledge management framework. To reveal the advantages of the framework, it was compared with other frameworks. The results show that the proposed knowledge management framework is more efficient and provided a method of designers to acquire design knowledge based on the consumer’s requirements.     

工程图图面处理系统

在工程设计中，图面设计及文字信息处理要花费设计师们很多宝贵的时间和精力，作者经过多年的探讨，研究并开发了工程图图面处理系统。工程图图面处理系统多年来用于巨型机的研制中，取得了很好的效果。本文简要介绍了工程图图面处理系统的设计原理及实现方法。     

强化工程意识与工程图样绘制能力的工程图学教学探讨

结合作者在企业长期工作积累的经验,对强化工程意识与工程图样绘制能力的工程 图学教学进行了探讨,通过化整为零、见缝插针的教学方式,将与工程图样绘制相关的工程实践 知识作为补充内容,安插在相应的章节,以开拓知识面的形式进行介绍,然后在装配图绘制等实 践教学环节中,鼓励学生将学到的工程实践知识运用到零件构型设计与工程图样绘制之中,培养 学生工程图样绘制的工程背景意识,为将来绘制出符合工程实际要求的工程图奠定基础。     

A meta-model for knowledge configuration management to support collaborative engineering

This paper focuses on industrial design and simulation processes especially in automotive and aerospace areas. Designers use business models (called expert models) such as CAD (computed aided design) and CAE (computed aided engineering) models to optimize and streamline the engineering process. Each expert model contains information such as parameters, expert rules, mathematic relations (parametric models, for example) which are shared by several users and in several different domains (mechanical, thermal, acoustic, fluid, etc.). This information is exploited at the same time in a concurrent engineering context. It is the basis of an imperfect collaboration process due to the fact that existing tools do not manage encapsulated information well and are unable to ensure that parameters and rules are consistent (same value of parameters for example) throughout different heterogeneous expert models. In this context, we propose an approach to manage knowledge using configurations synchronized with expert models which enable designers to use parameters consistently in a collaborative context. Our approach is called KCModel (knowledge configuration model): it allows acquisition, traceability, re-use and consistency of explicit knowledge used in configuration.     

A collaborative Design for Usability approach supported by Virtual Reality and a Multi-Agent System embedded in a PLM environment

This paper details a collaborative workstation design approach integrating knowledge based on engineering process, using a Multi-Agent System (MAS) on a Virtual Reality (VR) platform. The MAS supports R&D teams to extract and re-use engineering knowledge so as to improve their efficiency in developing new products. Our research targets the development of a knowledge engineering system integrated into a PLM-Product Life cycle Management-environment linked with virtual reality tools. A PLM is a strategic business approach with a consistent set of methodologies and software solutions. It is meant to promote collaborative creation, management, delivery and proper use of this life cycle definition and information product in multinational companies. This system is used by engineers to carry out projects in a collective way while conveying a defined process. The MAS allows capitalization, and to annotate knowledge according to the actions of the designers inside a PLM environment. Then, this knowledge is used by VR tools to analyze various aspects of the virtual prototype such as manufacturing, maintenance, reliability or ergonomics. Consequently, we use expert knowledge to pilot the design process of a virtual prototype inside a three-dimensional immersive virtual reality platform. In this context, our paper describes our knowledge management approach applied to improve ergonomics and collaborative design in industrial areas.     

Knowledge engineering and CAD

The technology of Computer Aided Design (CAD) has rapidly been changing the processes of machine design, especially in detail and production design. Conventional CAD systems are necessary in production design where precise geometrical data are indispensable, but we can point out some problems of those systems from a point of view of the total machine design process. Though the main aim of introducing CAD systems is to increase designers' creativities, it is doubtful whether designers are really supported by such CAD systems. We think that knowledge engineering is useful to improve such situations. In this paper, we discuss these problems and we study the feasibilities of future CAD systems that can really help designers very intelligently and efficiently. We also show some results of our experimental systems applying knowledge engineering.