Calculations of the parameters of the single-layer solenoidal inductor of finite length surrounded by a lossy dielectric medium

The expressions for estimating the spatial distributions of a quasi-static and rotational electric field are obtained for the near-field zone of single-layer solenoidal coils (inductors) surrounded by a medium with complex permittivity. Calculations are performed at field frequencies substantially lower than the self-resonance frequency. The environment conductance is taken into account, and its influence on the effective inductance, self-capacitance, and ohmic resistance of the inductor is established. It is demonstrated that capacitive currents can flow only between turns that are symmetrically arranged with respect to the central plane perpendicular to the coil axis.     

Generalized Method for Calculating Irradiance from a Black Body

Journal of Communications Technology and Electronics - The method for calculating irradiance from a black body (BB) in an arbitrary plane parallel to its diaphragm is considered. This method is...     

A new representation for the Green's function of multilayer media based on plane wave expansion

In this paper, a new representation for the space domain Green's function of general multilayer media is presented. This approach is based on an efficient plane wave expansion of the source incident field. Using the transmission line model for the multilayer medium, the effect of the layered medium on the incident plane waves is determined by a transmission coefficient, and the amplitude and phase of each plane wave at the field point are obtained. The total field is evaluated by summing the resultant plane waves at the field point. The main advantage of the proposed method is that the spatial domain Green's function of multilayer media can be obtained easily as a summation of simple exponential functions, without the need for Sommerfeld integration or complex image approximation. The plane wave approximation is independent of the parameters of the medium and is valid over a wide frequency range. Furthermore, the exponential form of the plane wave solution makes it possible to compute the method of moments matrix elements analytically for most important types of basis functions in multilayer problems.     

Compact range reflector analysis using the plane wave spectrumapproach with an adjustable sampling rate

An improved method for determining the test zone field of compact range reflectors is presented. The plane wave spectrum (PWS) approach is used to obtain the test zone field from knowledge of the reflector aperture field distribution. The method is particularly well suited to the analysis of reflectors with a linearly serrated rim for reduced edge diffraction. Computation of the PWS of the reflector aperture field is facilitated by a closed-form expression for the Fourier transform of a polygonal window function. Inverse transformation in the test zone region is accomplished using a fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm with a properly adjusted sampling rate (which is a function of both the reflector size and the distance from the reflector). The method is validated by comparison with results obtained using surface current and aperture field integration techniques. The performance of several serrated reflectors is evaluated in order to observe the effects of edge diffraction on the test zone fields     

On the Use of Spatial Time Frequency Distributions for Signal Extraction

This paper deals with the extraction of signals from their instantaneous linear mixtures using time-frequency distributions. Fundamentally, this problem is a signal synthesis from the time-frequency (t-f) plane. However with the incorporation of the spatial information provided by a multisensor array, the problem can be posed as special case of blind source separation. So far, the blind source separation has been solved using only statistical information available on the source signals. Herein, we propose to solve the aforementioned problem using time-frequency signal representations and the spatial array aperture. The proposed approach relies on the difference in the t-f signatures of the sources to be separated. It is based on the diagonalization of a combined set of spatial time-frequency distribution matrices. A numerical example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of our method.     

Pulsed-beam propagation in dispersive media via pulsed plane wavespectral decomposition

This paper is concerned with the behavior of transient wavefields due to a pulsed-beam (PB) wavepacket launched obliquely from a hypothetical aperture plane in a medium with generic dispersion k(ω) where k and ω are wavenumber and frequency, respectively. This generalizes our previous investigation of a PB launched normally from the hypothetical aperture plane. The problem is solved through spectral decomposition into plane waves in the frequency (ω) and spatial wavenumber (E) domains, followed by asymptotics on the spectral inversion integrals, with ω synthesis performed before ξ synthesis. Special attention in the transient spectral domain is given to paraxial PB approximations and to criteria for their range of validity, which are expressed in terms of critical nondimensional estimators that contain the beam parameters as well as the dispersion parameters of the medium. The resulting PBs can be used to synthesize transient wavefields excited by arbitrary space-time source distributions of finite support on a specified aperture plane in the medium     

Field rapid detection method of wind turbine blade fixing bolt defects based on FPGA

In order to solve the problem that blade fixing bolt cannot be detected quickly and conveniently in the field in actual production, this paper proposed a field rapid detection method of wind turbine blade fixing bolt defects based on field programmable gate array (FPGA), and Yolov4-tiny is selected as the basic algorithm. Nonetheless, the original Yolov4-tiny was not suitable for detecting small defects, so this paper improved the Yolov4-tiny to enhance the detection effect. Next, the convolutional operations in the algorithm were encapsulated into intellectual property (IP) cores by high-level synthesis (HLS) and Vivado, and parallel computation was realized using FPGA features. In the end, using Python to call the IP core and the FPGA hardware library, this paper achieved the purpose of rapid detection. Compared with traditional detection methods and other algorithms, the accuracy and speed of this method are significantly improved, which has a good application value.     

Offset dual-shaped reflectors for dual chamber compact ranges

The application of the theory of the synthesis of offset dual-shaped reflectors to the design of compact ranges is examined. The object of the compact range is to provide a uniform plane wave with minimum amplitude and phase ripple over as large a volume as possible for a given size reflector. Ripple can be lowered by reducing the edge diffraction from the reflector producing the plane wave. This has been done either by serrating or rolling the edge. An alternative approach is to use dual offset-shaped reflector synthesis techniques to produce a reflector aperture distribution that is uniform over most of the aperture, but with a Gaussian taper near the edge. This approach can be used together with rolling and/or serration if desirable. The amount of phase and amplitude ripple obtained with two different dual-shaped reflector designs is studied as a function of position in the plane wave zone and reflector size in wavelengths. The amount of both transverse and longitudinal (z-component) cross polarization is studied     

Watermarking for intellectual property protection

A new watermarking method for intellectual property (IP) protection is presented. The proposed method uses a uniquely generated stream of bits, known as a watermark, embedded into the self-test circuit to represent ownership. This scheme can detect the ownership rights of the IP provider even when the chip has been packaged. Experimental results show the proposed embedding technique can survive synthesis, placement and routing. The experimental results are given to demonstrate the proposed method.     

Background light ray modeling for change detection

This paper is an extension of the work that was originally reported in Shimada et al. (2013). This paper proposes a change detection method based on spatio-temporal light ray consistency. The proposed method introduces light field sensing, which is used to generate an arbitrary in-focus plane. Change detection is performed in a surveillance scene, where the background region can be filtered out by an out-focusing process. This approach resolves a longstanding issue in background modeling-based object detection, which often suffers from false positives in the background regions. To realize this new change detection method, a new feature representation, called the local ray pattern (LRP), is introduced. The LRP evaluates the spatial consistency of the light rays, and this plays an important role in distinguishing whether the light rays come from the in-focus plane or elsewhere. A combination of the LRP and Gaussian mixture model (GMM)-based background modeling realizes change detection in the in-focus plane. Experimental results demonstrate the proposed method’s effectiveness and its applicability to video surveillance.     

波分复用光网中的一种新型波长分配算法

目前网络承载业务的趋势是以IP为中心的数据业务,从而促进了以WDM光网络向高速和宽带多波长的应用和普及,为了进一步提高网络的性能并提高资源利用率,出现了光网络控制面技术.路由选择与波长分配问题是WDM光传输网络控制面中非常重要的问题之一.目前实际应用最广泛的波长分配算法是First-Fir(FF)算法.本文基于FF算法,研究动态业务下波分复用光网络在固定选路下的波长分配问题,提出了一种新的波长分配启发式算法——Joint First Fit.计算机仿真试验表明,与常用的FF算法相比,该算法显著的降低了网络呼叫阻塞率,有利于提高网络资源的利用率.     

1553B总线协议IP核设计与实现

介绍了自主知识产权的1553B总线IP核的系统结构、实现方法与容错设计.IP核使用Verilog语言设计,可在10万等效门以上的现场可编程逻辑芯片上实现.其他自行研制的1553B解决方案均建立在嵌入式处理器或DSP基础上,其协议芯片仅完成数据链路层功能.本IP核不但可进行数据链路层操作,而且一经配置即可完成大部分传输层工作,并具备内建自检测能力.在实验系统中可无缝替换Aeroflex/UTMC的UTl553B BCRTM商用芯片.     

A Numerical Method for Near-Field Array Synthesis

A numerical method for near-field array synthesis is developed for arbitrary array geometries. The intended application is for generating a planar field in a test volume for electromagnetic susceptibility testing, but the method is valid for arbitrary field distributions. A uniqueness theorem is utilized to allow the field conditions to be enforced on the surface of the test volume rather than throughout the volume. The synthesis method is a least-squares solution with a constraint on the source norm; the constraint keeps the field small outside the test volume. Numerical results are shown for the case of synthesizing a plane wave in the near field of an array of line sources.     

Room Temperature Electric‐Field Control of Magnetism in Layered Oxides with Cation Order

Searching for materials with room‐temperature electric‐field control of magnetism has interested researchers for many years with three‐dimensional perovskite BiFeO₃‐based compounds as the main focus. Here we choose the layered hybrid improper ferroelectric Ruddlesden‐Popper oxides as a platform from which to realize electric field controllable magnetism, leveraging a recently identified strain tunable polar‐to‐nonpolar (P‐NP) transition. We first propose a design principle for selecting the required A and B cation chemistries that will ensure (001) A₃B₂O₇ films exhibit P‐NP transitions, which we substantiate with density functional calculations. By extending the guideline to B‐site ordered A₃BB′O₇ oxides, we identify more compounds exhibiting P‐NP transitions marked by the disappearance of an in‐plane polarization that can be functionalized. We then demonstrate that weak ferromagnetism can be tuned by an electric field at the boundary of the P‐NP transition in B‐site ordered (001) A₃BB′O₇ magnetic films, based on which we predict that cation ordered Ca₃TcTiO₇ may be a viable candidate for room‐temperature electric‐field control of magnetism.     

精确稳定求解时域电场积分方程的一种新方法

时域电场、磁场和混合场积分方程已被广泛用来分析散射体的时域散射响应.基于适当的空间积分方法和隐式的时间步进算(MOT)法在求解时域磁场和混合场积分方程时总是稳定的,然而在求解TDEFIE时则是不稳定的.在本文中,时域电场积分方程的非奇异性积分采用标准的高斯求积法来计算;而利用参数坐标变换和极坐标变换将其奇异性积分转换成为可以分区域精确快速计算的非奇异性积分.通过数值实验表明,利用该方法可以非常精确稳定地求解时域电场积分方程,即使是在时间迭代后期也不必采用任何求平均的过程;另外,该方法可以用于任意时间基函数并可以推广到高阶空间基函数的情形.     

Balancing CapEx reduction and network stability with stable routing–virtual topology capacity adjustment (SR–VTCA)

This paper investigates the merits of the SR–VTCA (stable routing–virtual topology capacity adjustment) approach as a mechanism to find a beneficial trade-off between network stability and reduction in capital expenditures (CapEx). These are two main objectives for the entities that own the optical infrastructure, such as network operators (NOs), and those also acting as Internet service providers (ISPs). The SR–VTCA scheme is a novel approach to adapt transparent optical networks to time-varying traffic by adjusting the number of lightpaths between node pairs, while keeping the IP routing unchanged. Lightpath bundling (LB) and anycast (AS) switching are combined in SR–VTCA operation to advertise lightpath additions/removals to the IP layer as mere adjustments (increments or decrements) in the capacity, allowing to keep the IP routing stable, and thus, simplifying control plane operations. On the contrary, a fully-reconfigurable (FR) network design, where IP routing can be also modified, would increase the burden in the control plane, but at a higher CapEx reduction, since the optical infrastructure is used more efficiently. In this work, we investigate the CapEx overprovision introduced by SR–VTCA with respect to a FR scheme. In order to do this, SR–VTCA planning problem is first modeled as a MILP formulation. A heuristic procedure based on traffic domination is then proposed to solve large instances of the problem. Exhaustive experiments are conducted comparing the SR–VTCA solutions obtained by the aforementioned MILP and heuristic proposal with solutions found by other optimization methods presented in the literature to solve the FR planning problem. Finally, the results show that SR–VTCA can achieve similar results to the FR case in terms of CapEx reduction, while a huge number of IP reroutings are saved by maintaining IP stability. Thus, SR–VTCA provides an advantageous balance between CapEx overprovisioning and the control plane overhead associated with IP rerouting.     

基于固定实镜像平面波展开的快速多极子方法计算微带结构问题

将快速多极子算法应用于微带结构的一个关键技术是将矩量法中描述远区单元相互作用的Green函数用加法定理进行平面波展开.本文提出用固定实镜像方法拟合微带结构谱域Green函数进行平面波展开,对比目前常用的复镜像闭式平面波展开方法,该方法具有展开收敛性好,物理概念清晰,Green函数宽频插值方便等特点.计算实例表明了该方法的有效性和可靠性.     

定向辐射式核电磁脉冲场模拟器的研制

针对大型受试设备核电磁脉冲抗扰度试验评估要求，研制了基于Marx发生器脉冲源和横电磁波（Transverse Electro Magnetic，TEM）喇叭天线的可移动、极化方向可调的定向辐射式核电磁脉冲模拟器.实验分析了不同极化方向和终端负载对脉冲波形的影响，确定了定向辐射式核电磁脉冲模拟器的均匀区域.结果表明:辐射电磁脉冲场可用区域为近场区域，随着与口径面距离的增大，峰值场强近似按1/d2衰减，脉冲宽度显著减小；与传输式模拟器相比，辐射式核电磁脉冲模拟器具有更大的均匀区域，更适合大型设备电磁脉冲抗扰度试验.