钢化对钠钙硅玻璃弹性性能的影响

对钠钙硅玻璃在物理钢化和化学钢化前后的动态弹性模量、剪切模量、泊松比进行了研究.利用脉冲激励法测试玻璃的弹性性能,分析了2种钢化工艺对玻璃弹性性能的影响.讨论了钢化对玻璃力学性能变化的影响机理.试验结果表明,玻璃的弹性模量与其钢化后有较为明显的差别,物理钢化使其弹性模量比原片玻璃略有降低(约4%),而化学钢化玻璃使其弹性模量较原片玻璃有所提高(约6%),这一奇怪的现象是由于物理钢化过程中玻璃冷却后,内部的收缩要大于表面的收缩变形,从而使玻璃表层致密度降低,而化学钢化过程中采用离子交互方式,让较大的离子取代玻璃表层上较小的离子,使其表层致密度增加.     

放电等离子体烧结TiC-SiC复合陶瓷的制备与表征

通过放电等离子体烧结(SPS)工艺制备TiC-SiC复合陶瓷,利用XRD、SEM、压痕法等测试手段表征烧结后复合陶瓷的相组成、微观形貌、力学性能。从TiC晶粒大小、SiC的分布状态、样品的维氏硬度和断裂韧性等方面研究了亚微米级SiC对TiC陶瓷基体显微结构和力学性能的影响。结果表明,SiC的添加提高了TiC基体的断裂韧性,细化了TiC晶粒。利用弥散强化和残余应力解释了断裂韧性改善的原因。     

Effect of Isothermal Heat Treatment on Mechanical Properties of WC-17Co Coatings

利用超音速火焰喷涂技术在Ni718合金表面制备WC-17Co涂层,然后进行150℃/10 h,300℃/10 h和450℃/10 h恒温热处理。利用纳米压痕和显微压痕的方法研究热处理过程对涂层显微硬度、弹性模量和断裂韧性的影响,利用Almen试片曲率法计算试片中残余应力的变化。结果表明,150,300和450℃的热处理过程未对WC-17Co涂层的组织和结构特征造成显著地影响;涂层的显微硬度、弹性模量和断裂韧性随热处理温度的升高而降低;涂层机械性能随温度升高而降低的变化趋势是由涂层残余压应力的变化特征引起的。     

恒温热处理对WC-17Co涂层机械性能的影响（英文）

利用超音速火焰喷涂技术在Ni718合金表面制备WC-17Co涂层,然后进行150℃/10 h,300℃/10 h和450℃/10 h恒温热处理。利用纳米压痕和显微压痕的方法研究热处理过程对涂层显微硬度、弹性模量和断裂韧性的影响,利用Almen试片曲率法计算试片中残余应力的变化。结果表明,150,300和450℃的热处理过程未对WC-17Co涂层的组织和结构特征造成显著地影响;涂层的显微硬度、弹性模量和断裂韧性随热处理温度的升高而降低;涂层机械性能随温度升高而降低的变化趋势是由涂层残余压应力的变化特征引起的。     

Al_（65）Cu_（20）Co_（15）准晶体的力学性能SCIEI

用压痕法测量退火前的Ａｌ_（６５）Ｃｕ_（２０）Ｃｏ_（１５）十边形准晶体的室温Ｖｉｃｋｅｒｓ硬度为１１ＧＰａ，利用压痕裂纹长度算出了断裂韧性Ｋ_（１ｃ）约为１．０ＭＰａ·，抗拉强度为４５０ＭＰａ．在８５０℃退火３６ｈ后，显微硬度值、断裂韧性无明显变化，但抗拉强度提高到５５０ＭＰａ．     

纳米压痕技术及其在薄膜/涂层体系中的应用

综述了纳米压痕技术的发展历程及其在薄膜领域的应用。介绍了当前实验室条件下主要采用的电磁驱动式纳米压痕仪的构造和工作过程。为了保证测试结果的准确性,要在合适的温度、湿度下进行压入实验,借助保载来消除一些可以避免的误差。阐述了压头的分类和选择原则,玻氏压头相比于维氏压头具有更小的中心线与棱面夹角,避免了尖端横刃对于压入结果准确性的影响,因此最常用的压头为玻氏压头;表征断裂韧性最合适的压头为立方角压头;表征微机电系统的弯曲采用楔形压头。总结了通过最大载荷和压入面积得到涂层力学参量的分析流程。归纳了将纳米压痕法应用于表征薄膜涂层的硬度和弹性模量、室温下蠕变性能、断裂韧性、残余应力、塑性性能等力学量的研究,如表征硬度和弹性模量的Oliver-Pharr法的应用,识别蠕变柔量的Lee-Radok模型的应用,分析断裂韧性的Lawn-Evans-Marshall模型的应用。在涂层制备过程中,制备参数的改变可以使得涂层具有不同的力学性能,涂层厚度远小于表面尺寸,硬度和弹性模量仍然存在各向异性,非晶态结构涂层具有更高的硬度和弹性模量。采用碳纳米管强化可以提高涂层的断裂韧性,涂层内存在适量的残余应力数值和合...     

固溶处理对6151铝合金组织与性能的影响研究

对热轧态6151铝合金进行固溶及时效处理,研究对显微组织与力学性能、表面残余应力及硬度的影响,并研究了综合残余应力的数学表达。结果表明,固溶处理时间延长,对合金组织均匀化有积极作用,对力学性能并无明显影响,可以降低表面残余应力。     

二维超声滚压7050铝合金的微观组织与力学性能

采用二维超声滚压加工方法对7050铝合金进行处理,研究二维超声滚压加工对铝合金表面微观形貌与力学性能的影响。结果表明:经过二维超声滚压处理后,铝合金表面微观形貌明显改善,当滚压次数为4次时,表面微观形貌最均匀;随着滚压次数增加,表面粗糙度值先减小后增大,最大降幅达73%。铝合金表面硬度值、残余压应力随滚压次数的增大而增大,且硬度最大提高了43%,表面残余压应力值最大为242.9 MPa。     

表面机械研磨处理的动态结构弛豫对Zr基块体金属玻璃结构和力学性能的影响

利用表面机械研磨(SMAT)技术对Zr_(52.5)Cu_(17.9)Ni_(14.6)Al_(10)Ti_5(Vit105)块体金属玻璃进行改性,并通过X射线衍射方法和球形纳米压痕试验分别研究了SMAT处理对Zr基金属玻璃结构和力学性能的影响。结果表明,SMAT处理使得Zr基金属玻璃的峰值衍射角与半峰宽均减小。当SMAT处理时间为20 min时,Zr基金属玻璃的弛豫焓最大。SMAT处理使得Zr基金属玻璃的硬度明显降低,weibull模量系数m值增大,显示结构更加均匀。研究表明,这是由于SMAT处理过程中,在样品表面与内部引入了大量的残余应力导致了材料结构与力学性能的改变。     

基片负偏压对Cu膜纳米压入硬度及微观结构的影响

测试了不同溅射偏压下Cu膜的纳米压入硬度，探讨了溅射偏压、残余应力及压痕尺寸效应对Cu膜硬度的影响。结果表明，随着溅射偏压的增大，薄膜晶粒尺寸及残余压应力均减小，导致薄膜的硬度增大，并在-80V达到最大值，随后有所降低。同时薄膜中的压痕尺寸效应对薄膜硬度随压入深度的分布有很大的影响。     

Residual stress analysis with improved numerical methods for tempered plate glasses based on structural relaxation model

Glass has useful optical properties but shows unfavorable mechanical performance such as poor impact resistance. As a way to improve such inferior mechanical performance, glass undergoes tempering processes which introduce through-thickness residual stress. Here, the residual stress is numerically analyzed for a soda-lime silicate glass plate under the one-dimensional through-thickness symmetric boundary conditions. As for the constitutive law, the structural relaxation model was used to account for the non-equilibrium thermodynamic state of micro-structures in calculating volume change during cooling and also the visco-elastic nature of mechanical properties. Results obtained using improved numerical methods were compared with experiments as well as results available in previous literatures.     

Glass ceramic of high hardness and fracture toughness developed from iron-rich wastes

A study has been carried out on the feasibility of using high iron content wastes, gen-erated during steel making, as a raw material for the production of glass ceramic. The iron-rich wastes were mixed and melted in different proportions with soda-lime glass cullet and sand. The devitrification of the parent glasses produced from the different mixtures was investigated using differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. The mechanical properties of the glass-ceramic were assessed by hardness and indentation fracture toughness measurement. A glass ce-ramic with mixture of 60 wt pct iron-rich wastes, 25 wt pct sand, and 15 wt pct glass cullet exhibited the best combination of properties, namely, hardness 7.9 GPa and fracture toughness 3.75 MPa.m1/2, for the sake of containing magnetite in marked dendritic morphology. These new hard glass ceramics are candidate materials for wear resistant tiles and paving for heavy industrial floors.     

STRESS RELAXATION AND RELIABILITY EVALUATION OF SODA-LIME GLASS

Stress relaxation of glass is a dualism effect, it often lead to strength degradation in strengthened glass, but on the other hand, it improves the reliability and stressuniformity of glasses. In this work, stress relaxation of soda-lime glass was investigated using three-point bending tests at 400-560℃ which is near the brittle to ductile transition temperature, for enhancing the safety of glass productions and exploring the most economic anneal process. The experimental results show that the speed of stress relaxation increases but the ultimate stress decreases with increasing temperature. The stress uniformity of the glass samples before and after anneal was examined using spherical indentation at arranged testing points. It indicates that the scatter of the local strength measured by the Hertzian indentation is smaller in the anneal glass than in initial specimen, so that the estimated Weibull modulus for the anneal specimen is higher. Furthermore, the strength evaluation by Hertzian indentation and statistical analysis was presented.     

Molecular-Level Simulations of Shock Generation and Propagation in Soda-Lime Glass

A non-equilibrium molecular dynamics method is employed to study the mechanical response of soda-lime glass (a material commonly used in transparent armor applications) when subjected to the loading conditions associated with the generation and propagation of planar shock waves. Specific attention is given to the identification and characterization of various (inelastic-deformation and energy-dissipation) molecular-level phenomena and processes taking place at, or in the vicinity of, the shock front. The results obtained revealed that the shock loading causes a 2-4% (shock strength-dependent) density increase. In addition, an increase in the average coordination number of the silicon atoms is observed along with the creation of smaller Si-O rings. These processes are associated with substantial energy absorption and dissipation and are believed to greatly influence the blast/ballistic impact mitigation potential of soda-lime glass. The present work was also aimed at the determination of the shock Hugoniot (i.e., a set of axial stress vs. density/specific-volume vs. internal energy vs. particle velocity vs. temperature) material states obtained in soda-lime glass after the passage of a shock wave of a given strength (as quantified by the shock speed). The availability of a shock Hugoniot is critical for construction of a high deformation-rate, large-strain, high pressure material model which can be used within a continuum-level computational analysis to capture the response of a soda-lime glass based laminated transparent armor structure (e.g., a military vehicle windshield, door window, etc.) to blast/ballistic impact loading.     

形变强化金属材料表面状态特征的疲劳演变研究进展

概述了形变强化技术对金属材料疲劳性能的增强机理,主要归因于残余压应力、加工硬化、微观组织等表面状态特征的协同作用。重点综述了形变强化处理后金属材料表层的残余应力、加工硬化以及微观组织等表面状态特征在热载荷、机械载荷影响下疲劳演变的研究进展,分别总结了热载荷、机械载荷以及热–机械耦合载荷等作用条件下残余应力松弛行为、加工硬化松弛行为以及微观组织的疲劳演变规律与机理,并就热载荷、机械载荷作用下残余应力松弛行为的理论预测模型进行了归纳总结。在此基础上,讨论了关于残余应力、加工硬化以及微观组织等表面状态特征因素之间内在联系的研究进展,并指出了对于上述三者之间的逻辑关系目前研究存在的不足之处,以及尚待解决的问题。最后分析了当前金属材料表面形变强化研究中存在的一些问题与不足,并对表面形变强化抗疲劳制造技术未来的发展趋势进行了展望。     

氧化物强化PtRh合金的研究进展

氧化物强化PtRh合金具有比纯铂更高的高温强度和高温持久强度,广泛应用在玻纤漏板、光学玻璃生产用坩埚等领域,并且是玻纤漏板材料发展的主要方向。简要介绍了测试铂基材料蠕变性能和润湿行为的主要设备,主要介绍高温力学性能和焊接性能更优异的氧化物强化PtRh合金Pt-10%Rh DPH-A,并且总结了一些铂基材料研究中的第一性原理计算和器件模拟,指出了铂基材料研究的新方向。     

弥散强化Pt－5Rh合金（制造大型玻纤漏板新材料）

作者采用内氧化－复合工艺研制成功弥散强化Ｐｔ－５Ｒｈ合金（ＭＱＰｔＲｈ５）。其高温强度及抗蠕变性能明显地好于普通的Ｐｔ－Ｒｈ合金。它广泛地用作玻璃纤维漏板底板的结构材料。本文叙述了此材料的物理及力学性能以及在玻纤工业的应用例子。     

Dissolution of bioactive glasses: The effects of crystallinity coupled with stress

Fixing the chemical composition of bioactive ceramic glass does not dictate biological response. Processing history can alter the microstructure, phase composition, degree of crystallinity, and residual stress—all of which can contribute to mechanical performance and bioactive response. This paper discusses effects of thermal and mechanical processing performed on bioactive glass 45S5 with regard to the micro-structural changes that occur during in vitro immersion, and how such changes can be related to bioactivity with respect to implant materials. The underlying theme is the relationship between mechanical properties, stress, microstructure, and bioactivity, and how to achieve optimization.     

Mechanical properties of MgO–Al2O3–SiO2 glass-infiltrated Al2O3–ZrO2 composite

This work attempts to improve the mechanical properties of alumina-10 wt% zirconia (3 mol% yttria stabilized) composite by infiltrating a glass (magnesium aluminum silicate glass) of lower thermal expansion on the surface at high temperature. The glass improved the strength of the composite at room temperature as well as at higher temperatures. There was a significant improvement in the Weibull modulus after the glass infiltration. Glass-infiltrated samples showed better thermal shock resistance. The magnitude of strength increment was found to be in the order of the surface residual stress generated by thermo-elastic properties mismatch between the composite and the infiltrated glass.