共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 421 毫秒
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Manfred Fischer 《化学,工程师,技术》1989,61(2):124-135
Hydrogen technology . Hydrogen is used today on a large scale as raw material in chemical engineering and in the long term has tremendous potential as one of the most important secondary energy carriers. Hydrogen is produced with fossil and nonfossil primary energy sources from fossil and nonfossil primary raw materials. As an almost pollution-free secondary energy carrier, which is storable and transportable on a large scale, hydrogen can be used with nearly all energy utilization techniques fueled at present by natural gas, and products of petroleum and coal. Decisive influence on the introduction of hydrogen as energy carrier is exerted by the status and further development potential of hydrogen energy technology, cost of hydrogen production, and safety of a widespread use of hydrogen in the energy economy. 相似文献
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烃类热裂解、催化裂解、煤基甲醇制烯烃、从干气中回收乙烯以及生物资源制乙烯是目前我国工业上生产乙烯的主要技术,概述了这些技术的发展及应用情况。重点介绍了烃类热裂解的大型化技术、结焦抑制技术及节能技术,今后烃类热裂解技术应继续向低能耗、低投资、大型化和延长运转周期的方向发展。CPP催化热裂解技术可以降低裂解温度,并且采用重质原油为原料,尤其适合我国国情;MTO技术利用煤或天然气作原料得到乙烯,对于优化我国能源结构调整具有重大的意义。 相似文献
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Kacper Januchta Pengfei Liu Søren R. Hansen Theany To Morten M. Smedskjaer 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2020,103(3):1656-1665
Developing less brittle oxide glasses is a grand challenge in the field of glass science and technology, as it would pave the way toward new glass applications and limit the overall raw material usage and energy consumption. However, in order to achieve this goal, more insight into the correlation between the chemical composition and material properties is required. In this work, we focus on the mechanical properties of quaternary sodium aluminoborosilicate glasses, wherein systematic changes in glass chemistry yield different resistances to indentation crack initiation. We discuss the origin of the composition dependence of indentation cracking based on an evaluation of the deformation mechanism taking place during the indentation event. To this end, we use a simple metric, the extent of indent side length recovery upon annealing, to quantify the extent of reversible volume deformation. Finally, we also compare the compositional trend in crack initiation resistance to that in crack growth resistance (fracture toughness), showing no simple correlation among the two. 相似文献
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Linear alkylbenzene 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
J. L. G. de Almeida M. Dufaux Y. Ben Taarit C. Naccache 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1994,71(7):675-694
Linear alkylbenzene (LAB) was introduced in the mid-1960s as a raw material for cleaning products. Since then, continuing
and explosive research on its biodegradation and on its environmental and human toxicity has been performed. The efficiency
of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate as surfactant is clearly established, and it is one of the safest and most cost-effective
products in widespread commercial use. The aim of the present paper is to survey the most important developments and understandings
of the chemistry of LAB production and of its physical and environmental properties. The expected consequence of this analytical
survey is to envisage the continuous challenges for the detergents industry in catalytic production of LAB, better control
of selectivity, replacement of corrosive and mineral liquid acid catalyst by heterogeneous acid catalyst and the maintenance
of competitiveness of LAB with respect to natural alcohols. 相似文献
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通过低温甲醇洗工艺在兖矿国宏的实际应用中对酸性气体的有效脱除,达到了预期的净化效果,且净化气质量稳定,满足生产需要,证明该技术工艺先进成熟,在以煤为原料的煤气脱硫脱碳中的应用是成功的。 相似文献
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环己烯是一种非常重要的有机化工原料,苯选择加氢制环己烯是获取高产量环己烯的最佳途径。长期以来科研工作者们都致力于开发出具有高选择性高收率制环己烯的钌基催化反应体系,然而环境因素使其在工业上大规模应用受到了限制,因此有必要对该领域进一步的深入研究。绿色催化是当下研究的热点之一,开发具有负载少钌且无需反应添加剂的高亲水性催化剂的这一趋势在今后的绿色化学发展中势必加强,因此苯选择加氢制环己烯的技术开发是一项极富有经济意义与科研挑战性的课题。本文从苯选择加氢的反应工艺技术、发展历程、钌基催化剂的反应体系组成以及反应机理等方面,系统介绍了苯选择性加氢制备环己烯的技术进展。 相似文献
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我国社会经济的快速发展得益于各项科学技术地进步,而其中有一种全世界都非常关注的科学技术,那就是材料化学,其对于国家的国防实力和能源发展都有着积极的意义。良好的材料化学工程发展,一方面增强了国防的实力,另一方面能够提升能源利用效率。因此,相关研究人员关注材料化学工程的应用及发展趋势的研究,对于促进其发展进步有着极强的现实意义,可以为更好地发掘材料化学工程价值,提供更多资料。从材料化学工程的应用说起,介绍了材料化学工程的实验室,分析了材料化学工程发展前景。 相似文献
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近年来汽车涂装新工艺层出不穷,综览和评述了这些新进展。聚氨酯涂料化学的认识深化,改变了涂料制造者的试验观念。清凉的深色汽车涂料适应了节能和环保的要求,引人注目。近年飞速发展的预膜工艺令汽车涂料业界为之震动。 相似文献
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绿色化学与化工若干问题的探讨 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
绿色化学与化工被认为是有效解决全球环保问题的多学科交叉的科学与工程。本文简要介绍了绿色化学的概念、发展和优势,认为绿色化学研究的方向是开发替代原料、替代溶剂、替代催化剂和替代工艺;指出绿色化学研究要考虑化学转化体系与自然环境的关系、化学转化体系的热力学基础和转化体系的动力学因素。 相似文献
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Weihan WANG Jing Lü Li ZHANG Zhenhua LI 《Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering》2011,5(3):349-354
Green chemistry has attracted more attention in the past century. Among the 12 principles of green chemistry, only atom economy and E factor can be expressed quantitatively to depict the impact of a chemical process to environment. Atom economy was thought better than the traditional yield for evaluating the atom efficiency of raw materials. But it is not enough to reflect the conversion degree of raw material. In this paper, we proposed the concept of real atom economy (RAE) as a metric. RAE could combine the above two factors together to better express the green degree of a process. We further suggested an equation to correlate E factor with RAE. The concept of RAE is proved to be helpful for estimating an environmentally benign process. 相似文献