陀螺经纬仪在高机动雷达快速定向中的应用

地面雷达进入阵地后必须标定其天线法线与真北之间的夹角,根据雷达的类型和测量精度要求的不同,所采用的标定方法各不相同。陀螺经纬仪是一种可自主定向的测量仪器,无需设置方位标,具有测量精度高、易操作的特点,可应用于高机动雷达快速定向标定。文中介绍了陀螺经纬仪的基本原理和测量方法,以及测量过程中的一些注意事项。     

非接触式R-test测量仪的现场标定方法研究

R-test测量仪是用于五轴数控机床转动轴结构误差测量的专用设备,其标定的准确性和可实施性是保证测量精度的重要前题。研究了一种采用电涡流位移传感器的非接触式R-test测量仪现场标定方法。该方法可直接在被测量机床上实施,利用机床直线轴的高精度微量移动完成仪器测量坐标系和传感器感应平面的标定。在标定完成后,通过样机的现场标定实验和精度验证,验证所提出标定方法的精度和可实施性。最后证明了该方法可减小R-test测量仪在加工装配以及在机床上安装过程所引入的误差对最终测量精度的影响,从而提高R-test测量仪的测量精度和可靠性。     

高机动雷达自动定向技术实际应用中的问题研究

介绍陀螺定向装置的工作原理和雷达自动修正天线指向的技术,研究自动定向技术在高机动雷达实际使用中的问题,就目前我们国家现有用于工程化的陀螺定向装置的原理和技术现状进行分析,阐述了陀螺定向装置如何应用在高机动雷达上并且如何标定其安装基准,并提出相应的解决方法。     

接触式R-test测量仪的标定和球心坐标计算方法研究

接触式R-test测量仪是一种利用3个接触式位移传感器测量安装在机床主轴上的精密测量球相对于工作台的三维位移的装置,可用于检测五轴数控机床旋转轴的几何误差、联动误差等。如何提高测量仪的标定和球心坐标计算精度是R-test开发的难点。为此,研究了接触式R-test测量仪的结构模型和测量坐标系构建方法,并在测量坐标系中利用机床直线轴的高精度微量移动构建测量仪的在机标定模型,并推导了球心坐标的精确计算模型。最后,通过开发样机进行实际测量,验证所提出方法的精度和可行性。     

野外大视场双目视觉物体定位监测系统的单参数快速标定

提出了一种只对相机水平偏角进行现场校准的标定方法用于野外远距离、大视场、双目视觉物体定位监测系统的快速标定.该方法通过合理考虑视觉传感器的调平装置,结合现场使用过程中相机焦距值固定的特点,简化了测量模型,减少了待标定参数;只需要测得监测中心和相机在大地坐标系中的经纬度坐标及监测中心的图像坐标即可完成系统标定.由于不需要高精度靶标,从而克服了靶标移动及摆放对标定过程的影响.在实际使用中,对2 km以外400 m×800 m的区域进行监测时,相对定位误差小于0.25％,其中由焦距值误差引起的相对定位误差不超过0.07％.该摄像机标定方法在保证测量精度的同时,具有易实现、用时少等优点,适用于野外大视场环境下物体的快速定位监测.     

嵌入式时栅传感器的动态自标定

提出了一种新的嵌入式时栅角位移传感器的自标定方法,以提高这类传感器在没有高精度母仪标定以及参数和工作环境发生变化时的测量精度。介绍了嵌入式时栅的特点,提出了利用两个间隔一定角度离散测头之间的误差规律变换来实现自标定的方法。设计了动态自标定系统,采用卡尔曼动态滤波算法来降低动态标定过程中传感器自身稳定性波动和环境干扰的影响。为了寻求最优参数以保证标定精度,提出了残差的控制算法。最后,运用设计的自标定系统对传感器进行了标定实验,并与以往母仪标定方法进行了对比。实验结果表明,传感器的误差从标定前±20″降低到±2.4″,标定参数与实际传感器误差成分相吻合,标定精度与以往母仪标定的精度基本相同,满足时栅传感器的标定要求。     

雷达结构精度影响因素与测量的分析研究

随着高集成、大功率和大口径雷达的发展,雷达结构精度对雷达低副瓣电平、测角精度等影响日趋明显。为提高结构精度指标分配的科学合理性,需梳理结构精度指标与电讯指标的对应关系,并详细分析各结构精度对应的影响因素,使雷达结构精度既能满足使用要求,又能降低实现成本。文中结合雷达结构中与电讯高度关联的阵面表面精度、天线座轴系精度、阵面位置精度和标校精度,逐个分析了各误差影响因素对结构精度的影响,并结合典型雷达给出具体分配方案,形成天线系统结构影响测角精度的定量计算方法。根据分析结果给出了结构精度测量与标定的技术实例,为类似雷达结构精度设计与测量提供借鉴。     

便携式三坐标测量仪误差标定方法

从三关节的便携式关节型三坐标测量仪入手,研究了便携式关节型三坐标测量仪的误差来源;在现有误差标定方法的基础上,提出了一种新型的机械结构误差标定方法和提高精度的措施,为进一步实现便携式关节型三坐标测量仪的误差补偿和精度的提高奠定了基础.     

平面两自由度并联机构运动学标定研究

提出一种平面两自由度并联机构，由运动学分析得出机构的运动学解析解，针对该机构提出了一种运动学标定的新方法。与传统的并联机构运动学标定方法不同，该方法无需测量末端执行装置的全部位置和姿态，只需测量末端执行装置在工作空间内的一系列位移量；通过使用万能工具显微镜作为检测工具，从而无需额外安装位移传感器。建立了使得距离测量误差平方和最小的非线性规划数学模型，并通过MATLAB软件的优化工具箱进行求解。实验证明了该方法的有效性，并得出了机构运动学参数的最优值。实验结果表明，标定后机构精度明显提高，标定方法可靠。     

车载光电跟踪系统跟踪转台的初始标定

提出了基于坐标变换的目标跟踪转台初始标定方法,用于提高车载光电跟踪系统的跟踪精度.首先,运用坐标变换理论,建立了转台精标定的数学模型,求解了转台标定的变换矩阵;然后,根据转台标定的实际需要,通过合理地分析和近似,推导了一种转台的粗标定方案;最后,将粗标定与精标定方法相结合对跟踪转台进行初始标定实验.实验结果表明,该标定方法提高了初始标定的效率,对大于等于10 km的远距离目标,精标定之后的转台跟踪误差小于0.1°,完全满足车载光电跟踪系统的精度要求.该标定方法已在一批车载光电跟踪系统中得到了成功应用.     

A measuring method for large antenna assembly using laser and vision guiding technology

In this paper a new conception of a measuring method is proposed to assist precision automatic assembly of large radar antenna. Different from conventional 6-DOF tracking methods, the measuring system decomposes the measurement task into several independent steps. The measuring system consists of a camera, two laser distance meters, two position sensitive detectors (PSD) and an inclination angle sensor. The camera is adopted to guide antenna position and orientation adjustment over a large space. Laser meters and PSD sensor is used to precisely measure the position and orientation of radar antenna. To improve the practicability of measuring system, a robust vision measurement method is proposed. The mathematical models and practical calibration methods for measurement are elaborated. The preliminary experimental results agree with the methods currently being used for orientation and position measurement. The measuring method provides an alternative choice for the metrology in precision assembly. By using the method proposed in this paper, the measuring system can achieve a measurement accuracy of approximately 1 mm, which meets the accuracy requirement of large radar antenna automatic assembly application. Besides, the measuring method provides an alternative solution for large scale metrology which take the environmental impact into account.     

Six-Port Receiver and Frequency Measurement for Radar Applications at 35GHz

The application of a six-port technology in the receiving part of a radar front-end is described in this paper. This receiver allows measuring magnitude and phase of the radar signal without the need of down-conversion. According to the applications and the availability of the devices needed for assembling the prototype sensor, the frequency of operation was set to 35GHz. The structure of this six-port as well as the calibration and measurement algorithms are described in detail. The accuracy of the phase measurement is 2–10° depending on the power level of the signal. Another key element of the proposed radar sensor is a direct frequency counter. Using this circuit it is possible to measure the frequency of operation with a resolution of 20 bits within 120s. The accuracy of the distance reading of the radar is directly related to the accuracy of the frequency measurement and has reached 0.1mm.     

图像式角位移测量的光栅偏心度监测系统

图像式角位移测量装置中,光栅的安装偏心标定结果直接影响着角位移测量的精度。为此,本文设计了一种用于调试图像式角位移测量装置光栅偏心度的系统。首先,根据图像式角位移测量机理,提出了基于线阵图像传感器的标定光栅偏心度监测原理;然后,在图像传感器上建立了偏心调试监测信号的模型,并提出存在偏心时偏心监测信号的变化机理;最后,对某型号角位移测量装置进行了实验,并给出了调试建议。实验表明,经过调节误差均方差由1017″降低到12.8″。本文设计的偏心监测系统能够实现对标定光栅的高精度安装调试,提高了图像式角位移测量装置的批量生产效率。     

基于三点法的拟人化研磨测量仪器设计

针对目前国内尚无快速、经济、有效的模仿手工研磨抛光操作的大尺寸平面自动化研磨直线度检测的现状,通过对测量对象的深入研究,提出了基于三点法的直线度测量方法,在此基础上确定了测具的结构参数和LES1型位移传感器,选用Atmega16单片机应用于捕捉脉冲信号的传感系统,完成了测量仪器的设计和制造。研究结果表明,该测量仪器能够满足自动加工中对直线度测量精度的要求,为挤出平模头自动化研磨技术提供了一种可以选用的测量仪器。并且,此设计方案已经得到应用。     

移动式二次雷达结构设计关键技术研究

移动式二次雷达是具有一定的机动性、用于执行各种临时性任务的空管装备。文中研究配置全尺寸天线且满足高架移动要求的移动式二次雷达,以解决之前配置小天线的移动式二次雷达探测精度与威力低的问题。文中通过研究系统总体布局以及小型化、轻型化、智能型天线驱动系统和刚强度优良的升降式高架天线塔等的结构设计关键技术,优化天线风载特性,使全尺寸天线二次雷达架高后稳定工作,扩大了移动式二次雷达的适用范围,可供大型天线雷达设备在高架塔上安装时借鉴。     

油液监测黏度传感器标定方法优化研究

针对黏度传感器存在的测试准确性不足的问题,基于黏度测量原理提出数据处理算法模型对黏度传感器进行标定,设计并搭建实验测试平台,在较大温度范围内进行流体的黏度测量,并对提出的标定算法进行了验证。结果表明：采用改进的标定算法模型对黏度传感器进行标定,提升了传感器的测量精度和稳定性,能够将黏度测量平均绝对误差控制在5%以内。设计的黏度传感器对油液黏度变化具有较好的响应和较高的灵敏度,较好地满足了流体黏度的工程在线实时测量需求。     

Design of an absolute location and position measuring system for a mobile robot

This paper focuses on a development of a sensor system measuring locations of a vehicle to localize a mobile robot while it tracks on the track (location sensor). Also it focuses on a system configuration identifying the vehicle’s orientation and distance from the object while it is stationary at certain station (position sensor). As for the location sensor, it consists of a set of sensors with a combined guiding and counting sensor, and an address-coded sensor to localize the vehicle, while moving on the rail. For the position sensor a PSD (Position Sensitive Device) sensor with photo-switches sensor to measure the offset and orientation of the vehicle at each station is introduced. Both sensor systems are integrated with a microprocessor as a data relay to the main computer controlling the vehicle. The location sensor system is developed and its performance for a mobile robot is verified by experiments. The position measuring system is proposed and is robust to the environmental variation. Moreover, the two kinds of sensor systems guarantee a low cost application and high reliability.     

Uncertainty budgeting for range calibration

The Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM) established a general procedure to evaluate measurement uncertainty. The Guide covers only the evaluation of a single result or a set of individual results. Modern measuring instruments and procedures operate over a wide range of values. Therefore in practice a calibration procedure is needed that is valid for this range. The procedure should include an evaluation of uncertainty associated with the calibration results and for the subsequent measurements performed with the calibrated instrument. Traditionally regression analysis is used for this purpose. In this paper we will discuss some weaknesses of the regression approach and suggest an alternative. We show that for instruments with a linear response function the regression can be replaced by 2-point calibration. We introduce a limit of the deviation from linearity to address observed deviations from a linear response function of the instrument. To improve an existing instrument with a non-linear response function a combination of the instrument and a correction function can be treated as a virtual linear measuring device and a 2-point calibration can be applied. As an example we use the calibration of a pressure sensor to illustrate the procedure. The approach can be used for instruments and measurement procedures with a linear or non-linear response function.     

基于传感器联合测量的车载POS精度检测系统设计

POS系统是移动测量系统的重要组成部分,其位置姿态精度一直受到广泛关注。结合全站仪、激光跟踪仪、GNSS授时装置等传感器,设计了动态精度检测系统,开展了POS系统动态精度检测方法研究。主要采用单次测量时间统计、平滑曲线拟合等方法探测检测系统的测量误差,并在误差剔除的基础上,结合ICP算法,利用跟踪仪高精度测量数据,对全站仪数据进行修正,提高检测系统整体测量精度。最后,在某实验区,进行车载POS系统动态跟踪实验,分别采用整体轨迹对比和实时点位对比方法进行POS系统事后处理精度检测和实时导航精度检测。实验结果表明:采用该种检测方法,动态检测系统能检测出POS实时和事后处理的动态定位精度。     

ADU3600定位定向仪在车载气象仪中的应用

车载气象仪、志愿船自动测报仪以及其它走航式气象观测仪器采用的是单GPS与方位传感器组合来计算真风数据,方位传感器安装不方便,而且容易受到磁场影响而无有效数据输出。文章针对上述问题提出了ADU3600定位定向仪在车载气象仪中的应用。ADU3600定位定向仪安装方便、定向精度高、抗干扰能力强、运行稳定,同时避免了磁场的影响,完全满足车载气象仪的应用要求。