无斑鹞鲼肉对大鼠脂质代谢的影响

目的：研究无斑鹞鲼肉对大鼠脂质代谢的影响,以提高低值水产品的利用价值。方法：将SD 大鼠分3 组,对照组(酪蛋白)、10% 鹞鲼肉组(酪蛋白+ 鹞鲼肉)和20% 鹞鲼肉组。分别测定大鼠血清甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、游离脂肪酸(FFA)浓度,以及肝脏TG、TC、磷脂(PL)浓度,并测定肝脏脂质代谢相关酶--葡萄糖-6- 磷酸(G6PDH)脱氢酶、苹果酸酶、脂肪酸合成酶、磷脂酸磷酸酶和肉碱棕榈酰转移酶的活性。结果：摄食鹞鲼肉可显著降低大鼠血清TG、TC 和FFA 含量(P ＜ 0.05),对血清HDL-C 浓度无明显影响,但能显著降低大鼠动脉硬化指数(AI)。另外,鹞鲼肉可明显降低肝脏TG 和TC 含量(P ＜ 0.05),抑制肝脏脂肪合成相关酶的活性,但对脂肪酸分解酶活性则未见明显影响,同时FAS、CPT-1、CPT-2 mRNA 表达量也无明显变化。结论：摄食无斑鹞鲼肉具有降低大鼠血清和肝脏脂肪含量的作用,主要是通过抑制脂肪酸和TG 的合成实现。     

不同脂肪酸组成磷脂对大鼠消化吸收的影响

首先通过在饲料中添加胆固醇和卵黄磷脂,研究了卵黄磷脂对大鼠血清和肝脏脂质水平的影响;其次通过配制含有不同磷脂的高脂乳剂灌胃大鼠,考察了不同磷脂的高脂乳剂对大鼠血清总胆固醇、甘油三酯的影响.结果表明:大豆磷脂、卵黄磷脂和鱿鱼磷脂对甘油三酯的消化吸收具有一定的抑制作用,且鱿鱼磷脂的抑制作用最明显;大豆磷脂和卵黄磷脂可以显著促进胆固醇的消化吸收,而鱿鱼磷脂显著抑制了胆固醇的消化吸收.     

肌醇磷脂对高脂血症大鼠血脂的影响

目的:探究肌醇磷脂是否具有降血脂功效。方法:建立高脂动物模型,给实验大鼠灌胃灌胃不同浓度的肌醇磷脂样品(105mg/kg·BW、210 mg/kg·BW、420 mg/kg·BW),同时设立阳性对照组,灌胃与中剂量等量的卵磷脂。饲养8周后,股动脉取血后检测各项相关指标。结果:与模型组相比,高剂量组血清中的总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)和非高密度脂蛋白(non-HDL-C)指标均有极显著地降低(P<0.01)。与空白组相比,模型组血清和肝脏中的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)水平显著降低(P<0.05),血清和肝脏中丙二醛(MDA)含量极显著增加(P<0.01);与模型组相比,剂量组血清和肝脏中的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)水平显著降低(P<0.05),血清和肝脏中丙二醛(MDA)含量极显著增加(P<0.05)。与阳性对照组相比,剂量组各指标均无显著性。结论:肌醇磷脂对高脂血大鼠血脂水平有降低作用,同时具有抑制脂质过氧化的作用。同时肌醇磷脂的降血脂效果与卵磷脂相当。     

牦牛酥油及其磷脂对C57BL/6J小鼠脂代谢的影响

将SPF级C57BL/6J小鼠随机分为5组,即对照组、黄酥油组、白酥油组、黄酥油磷脂组和白酥油磷脂组,用牦牛酥油和牦牛酥油磷脂饲喂小鼠。饲喂1个月和5个月后分别测定小鼠血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平和血糖浓度,并进行肝脏和腹腔脂肪病理观察及脂肪组织脂肪酸组成分析。结果表明:长期饲喂牦牛酥油会使小鼠体重增加,而饲喂牦牛酥油磷脂小鼠体重增加较少。随着饲喂时间的延长各试验组均可提升小鼠血清HDL-C水平,小鼠血清TC、TG、LDL-C水平和血糖浓度由高到低依次为酥油组、磷脂组、对照组。饲喂1个月后各组小鼠肝脏和腹腔脂肪结构正常完整,未见明显组织病变,而饲喂5个月后,与对照组相比,黄酥油组、白酥油组、黄酥油磷脂组、白酥油磷脂组可见不同程度的炎症细胞浸润和脂质沉积。与饲喂1个月相比,饲喂5个月牦牛酥油磷脂可使小鼠脂肪组织中不饱和脂肪酸含量升高。与对照组相比,饲喂牦牛酥油和牦牛酥油磷脂可极显著提高小鼠脂肪组织中支链脂肪酸含量。     

DHA-磷脂对肥胖小鼠脂质代谢的影响

研究了二十二碳六烯酸-磷脂（DHA-磷脂）对实验性肥胖小鼠脂质代谢的调节作用及其机制。采用Folch法和硅胶柱层析法从鸢乌贼（文字Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis）卵中分离制备得到富含DHA的磷脂。C57BL/6J雄性小鼠随机分为3组：高脂模型组,1%大豆磷脂组,1%DHA-磷脂组。连续饲喂7周后,测定小鼠血清总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）含量,肝脏TC、TG、磷脂（PL）含量以及肝脏脂肪合成酶（FAS）、葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶（G6PDH）、苹果酸酶（ME）、磷脂酸磷酸酶（PAP）、肉毒碱棕榈酸转移酶（CPT）、过氧化物酶体β-氧化活力。结果显示,DHA-磷脂能极显著抑制小鼠体重（P＜0.01）和肾周脂肪（P＜0.01）及精周脂肪（P＜0.01）蓄积,降低血清TC（P＜0.01）和肝脏TG（P＜0.01）水平,抑制肝脏FAS（P＜0.01）、ME（P＜0.05）、PAP（P＜0.05）的活力,提高CPT（P＜0.01）和过氧化物酶体β-氧化（P＜0.05）的活力,且效果优于大豆磷脂。DHA-磷脂具有良好的减肥作用,能够通过抑制肝脏脂质合成,促进脂质分解,有效调节肥胖小鼠的脂质代谢。     

海参主要活性成分对大鼠脂质代谢的比较研究

目的：研究海参及其所含各主要活性成分对正常大鼠脂质代谢的影响。方法：将Wistar 大鼠随机分为7组：正常对照组、整参组、皂苷组、多糖组、胶原多肽组、除皂苷残余物组和残渣组。连续饲喂28d,分别测定大鼠血清总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high density lipoprotein-cholesterol,HDL-C)含量,以及肝脏TC、TG、磷脂(phospholipid,PL)含量。并检测了皂苷、多糖对脂肪酸合成酶(FAS)活性的抑制作用。结果：海参可抑制体内脂肪囤积,显著降低肾周脂肪含量。海参还可明显降低血清和肝脏中TC、TG 浓度,以皂苷、多糖的效果最佳。另外,海参皂苷、多糖对FAS 具有直接抑制作用,且皂苷抑制效果更强。结论：海参中的主要活性成分对大鼠脂肪代谢影响明显不同,皂苷降脂效果优于多糖。     

蛋黄磷脂

蛋黄磷脂较大豆磷脂富含磷脂酰胆碱(PC),故在生理活性功能和开发应用方面有所不同,特别是近年国外市场上富含DHA蛋黄磷脂(油)制品应市,令人瞩目。本文介绍蛋黄磷脂组份、生理活性功能及开发应用状况。     

不同燕麦品种对大鼠胆固醇代谢的影响

为研究不同燕麦品种对饲喂高脂饲料大鼠胆固醇代谢的影响,将40只雄性Wistar大鼠按照平均血脂水平和平均体重分为4组,即高脂对照组和3个燕麦组。喂食第0、10、20和30 d时分别测定大鼠血清总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和三酰甘油(TG)水平;试验结束时测定大鼠肝脏TC、胆固醇酯(CE)、游离胆固醇(FC)、TG和粪便TC、胆汁酸(BA)、脂肪含量。β-葡聚糖含量不同的燕麦品种都显著降低了血清和肝脏TC含量(P0.05),并促进了粪便胆汁酸排泄,而对血清HDL-C、TG和肝脏TG含量没有显著影响。以上结果表明摄入不同品种燕麦均能够通过促进粪便中胆汁酸的排泄来降低大鼠血清TC和LDL-C水平,及肝脏中TC和CE水平。     

大豆磷脂软胶囊贮藏过程中品质变化研究

以大豆磷脂软胶囊为研究对象,对其在贮藏过程中的磷脂酰胆碱含量、酸值、水分含量、稀释剂大豆油的甘油酯组成进行研究,探究其品质变化规律及原因。结果表明:随着贮藏时间的延长,大豆磷脂软胶囊中磷脂酰胆碱含量降低,酸值升高,溶血磷脂的含量升高。囊壳内水分在大豆磷脂软胶囊贮藏过程中向内容物迁移,促进磷脂酰胆碱水解,产生溶血磷脂。稀释剂大豆油也发生水解,释放出脂肪酸,这两部分水解造成酸值升高。     

蛋黄油体内降血脂生物活性研究

目的:研究蛋黄油对小鼠血清中总甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)含量的影响;方法:采用不同剂量的蛋黄油灌服雄性昆明种小鼠;结果:与正常对照组相比,蛋黄油能显著降低小鼠血清中总甘油三酯(TG)和总胆固醇(TC)的含量,提高小鼠血清中高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)含量;结论:蛋黄油具有降血脂的作用.     

鱼脑磷脂对小鼠脂质代谢的影响

研究鱼脑磷脂对ICR小鼠血脂水平的影响。ICR小鼠随机分成正常对照组、高脂模型组、阳性对照组、鱼脑磷脂低剂量组、鱼脑磷脂高剂量组5组,分别进行灌胃给药。正常对照组喂饲基础饲料,其余各组喂饲高脂饲料,28 d后,测定小鼠的血清胆固醇(TC)、甘油三脂(TG)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)和低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)含量。结果显示,鱼脑磷脂可以显著降低高脂血症小鼠的血清TC、TG和LDL-C水平。说明鱼脑磷脂具有降血脂作用。     

Effect of Dietary Partial Hydrolysate of Phospholipids,Rich in Docosahexaenoic Acid‐Bound Lysophospholipids,on Lipid and Fatty Acid Composition in Rat Serum and Liver

Lysophospholipids have been recognized as potent biologically active lipid mediators. However, attention has not been paid to the health benefits of dietary partial hydrolysate of phospholipids (PH‐PL), which is rich in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)‐bound lysophospholipids. In this study, the effects of PH‐PL on serum and liver lipid profiles of rats upon administration of PH‐PL are demonstrated in comparison to those of fish oil (FO), which comprises eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and DHA‐bound triglyceride (TG). PH‐PL containing EPA and DHA was prepared via enzymatic modification of squid (Todarodes pacificus) meal that is rich in phospholipids. Male Wistar rats were fed a basal diet containing soybean oil alone (7%), FO, and PH‐PL. The FO and PH‐PL diets had similar EPA and DHA contents. After the rats had been fed their respective diets for 28 d, their serum and liver lipid contents, fecal lipid excretion, and hepatic gene expression level were measured. The results demonstrated that compared with the soybean oil diet alone, the PH‐PL diet decreased serum and liver TG contents partially because of the enhancement of liver acyl‐CoA oxidase activity and suppression of liver fatty acid synthase activity. In addition, compared with the soybean oil diet, the PH‐PL group exhibited lower serum cholesterol content at least in part because of the reduction of hepatic 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl‐CoA reductase mRNA expression level. We found that dietary administration of EPA and DHA containing PH‐PL has a hypolipidemic effect that may help prevent the development lifestyle‐related diseases.     

短期摄食卵黄磷脂与鱼油对高脂小鼠脂质代谢的影响

探究马尾松花粉提取物(MPPE)对前列腺肥大(BPH)小鼠的影响。雄性昆明种小鼠随机分为6组,分别为空白对照组、BPH组、20、40和80 mg/kg?d MPPE组及非那雄胺(0.8 mg/kg?d)组。预先灌胃MPPE两周之后,在腹腔注射丙酸睾酮建模的同时连续灌胃MPPE或非那雄胺四周。实验结束后观察组织形态变化,测定细胞因子IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α、PACP、DHT、NO及NOS的水平。利用UPLC-QTOF-MS技术检测小鼠血清、尿液中代谢物的变化,采用PLS-DA分类,寻找潜在生物标志物。三种剂量的MPPE处理均降低了前列腺指数、炎性细胞因子、DHT浓度及PACP、NOS的活性,并减少了NO的生成。血清代谢组学鉴定了3个潜在生物标记物,分别为1-棕榈酰溶血磷脂酰胆碱、1-O-十六烷基-2-O-乙酰基-sn-甘油基-3-磷酸胆碱和(Z)-13-二十二烯酰胺。马尾松花粉提取物可以明显降低BPH病理症状及相关生化指标,调节标志性代谢物的水平。其可能的作用机制与抑制炎症及缓解脂质代谢紊乱相关。     

Effects of dietary corn oil and fish oil concentrate on lipid composition of calf tissues

Lipid composition of calf blood plasma, liver platelets, muscle, heart, and brain was measured, as affected by high dietary intake of linoleic acid from corn oil or of polyunsaturated fatty acids from fish oil concentrate. Plasma total lipids, phosphatidylcholine, and cholesteryl esters were reduced by corn oil and fish oil concentrate. Dietary fatty acid composition had no influence on percentage distribution of the major phospholipid components of liver, heart, muscle, and brain, but did alter the polyunsaturated fatty acid composition of major phospholipids in plasma, liver, platelets, muscle, and heart. In general, high linoleic acid intake increased linoleic acid and decreased oleic, arachidonic, and linolenic acids in tissue phospholipids, and fish oil concentrate high in eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids increased phospholipid concentrations of these fatty acids. The fatty acid composition of brain phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidyl-ethanolamine was relatively resistant to dietary lipid alterations. The fatty acid changes in tissue phospholipids that resulted from dietary lipid alterations may have important implications in eicosanoid metabolism, and in the structure and function of cell membranes.     

翅果油联合有氧运动对高脂饮食小鼠血脂代谢紊乱及肝脏脂质积累的改善作用

目的:探讨翅果油联合有氧运动对高脂饮食小鼠血脂及肝脏脂质积累的影响。方法:将雄性C57BL/6小鼠,随机分为正常对照组(NC),高脂饮食组(HF),高脂饮食+翅果油灌胃组(HS),高脂饮食+有氧运动组(HE),高脂饮食+翅果油+有氧运动组(SE),每组8只,连续干预8周;喂养结束后采用酶学试剂盒测定小鼠血清甘油三脂(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)及肝脏TC、TG含量,并计算动脉粥样硬化指数(AI)和肝脏系数;采用H&E染色观察肝脏组织病理变化。结果:翅果油、有氧运动和翅果油联合有氧运动干预组小鼠体重,血清TG、TC、LDL-C,肝脏TC、TG,肝脏系数,AI值及肝脏组织脂肪病变程度均显著低于高脂饮食组(p<0.05),且翅果油联合有氧运动干预效果更好。结论:翅果油联合有氧运动能够显著改善由高脂饮食诱导的血脂代谢紊乱和肝脏脂质积累,降低动脉粥样硬化和脂肪肝的风险。     

Effects of dietary supplemental fish oil during the peripartum period on blood metabolites and hepatic fatty acid compositions and total triacylglycerol concentrations of multiparous Holstein cows

The objectives were to evaluate the effects of dietary fish oil on plasma metabolite, hepatic fatty acid composition, and total triacylglycerol concentrations. Multiparous Holstein cows (n = 42) were completely randomized to 1 of 3 treatments at 3 wk prepartum. Treatments were no supplemental lipid or supplemental lipid from either Energy Booster (Milk Specialties Co., Dundee, IL) or fish oil. Treatment diets were fed from −21 d relative to expected date of parturition until 10 d postpartum. Treatments were fed as a bolus before the a.m. feeding. The dose of lipid fed during the prepartum period was 250 g, whereas approximately 0.92% of the previous day's dry matter intake was supplemented postpartum. Blood was collected 3 times weekly for determination of plasma metabolites. Liver biopsies were performed at 21 and 10 d before expected date of parturition and 1 and 14 d after parturition to determine fatty acid compositions and total triacylglycerol concentrations. Dry matter intake, milk yield, and loss of body weight or body condition score were not affected by supplementing the diet with lipid or by the source of lipid. Supplemental lipid tended to increase plasma glucose and decrease nonesterified fatty acids during the postpartum period. Furthermore, plasma β-hydroxybutyrate was reduced during the postpartum period in the lipid-supplemented treatments. However, source of supplemental lipid had no influence on any blood metabolite. Supplemental fish oil altered the fatty acid composition of liver phospholipids and triacylglycerols, decreasing total saturated fatty acids and increasing total n-3 and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (>20 carbon fatty acids). Despite the altered fatty acid composition, hepatic total triacylglycerol concentrations were unaffected by supplemental fish oil. Furthermore, the improved metabolic profile following lipid supplementation did not decrease hepatic total triacylglycerol concentrations.     

酶法制备n-3多不饱和脂肪酸型磷脂的工艺

研究了无溶剂体系中固定化磷脂酶A1催化大豆磷脂与乙酯型鱼油进行酯交换反应,制备n-3多不饱和脂肪酸型磷脂的工艺。考察了反应温度、反应时间、底物比(乙酯型鱼油与磷脂的质量比)以及加水量的影响,得到了较优的反应条件。实验结果表明,加酶量(按大豆磷脂的质量计算)20%,底物比8∶1,底物总质量5.0g,加水量55μL,55℃反应12h时,所得产物中EPA和DHA的含量分别为8.0%和17.8%。     

大黄鱼鱼卵磷脂对小鼠脂质代谢的调节作用

为研究大黄鱼鱼卵磷脂对高脂血症小鼠降血脂作用的影响,通过建立高脂血症小鼠模型,随机分为模型组、空白组、大豆磷脂组以及大黄鱼鱼卵磷脂低(5 g/kg)、中(15 g/kg)和高剂量组(30 g/kg),连续饲料喂养4周后,测定血清相关指标,并进行肝脏病理观察。结果表明:大黄鱼鱼卵磷脂具有抑制小鼠体重增加的作用。血清指标数据分析显示,与模型组相比,大黄鱼鱼卵磷脂低剂量组可显著降低TC、TG水平及AI_1、AI_2值(p0.05),对降低LDL-C和提高HDL-C水平差异不显著,而中和高剂量组均能显著降低TC、TG和LDL-C水平以及AI_1、AI_2值,可以显著提高HDL-C水平(p0.05),表明大黄鱼鱼卵磷脂具有调节高脂血症小鼠脂质代谢的作用;小鼠肝脏病理组织学观察显示,大黄鱼鱼卵磷脂低剂量组对小鼠肝细胞无明显影响,而中和高剂量组可以明显修复小鼠肝细胞变性。结果提示大黄鱼鱼卵磷脂可预防小鼠肝脏的脂肪性病变,有助于降低动脉粥样硬化发生的风险。     

Influence of dietary therapy containing sunflower oil fortified with phospholipids on the lipid metabolism in patients with hypertension and obesity

It was investigated the influence of dietary therapy containing sunflower oil with phospholipids (PL) on the lipid profile of plasma and composition of fatty acids of red blood cells in patients with hypertension and obesity. The results show that after the period of three weeks for each diet the unrefined sunflower oil supplemented with PL (30 gr oil containing 10, 8 gr PL) in diet had more influence on lowering of blood pressure (specially on diastolic BP). This diet reduced serum total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL), apolipoprotein A 1, apoB and fibrinogen more than the refined sunflower oil diet. This oil presents useful source of polyunsaturated fatty acids and essential PL for diets aimed at prevention of heart disease.