炭黑填充抗静电聚丙烯的研究进展

表面电阻率为10^6-10^9Ω/sq的炭黑填充聚丙烯是电子电器工业用塑料制品的理想抗静电材料。本文综述了炭黑填充抗静电聚丙烯的研究进展。以围绕降低渗滤阈值，为综合改善炭黑填充聚丙烯的电性质、力学性质和成型加工性能而进行的理论研究，从渗逾理论向双重渗逾理论进而向三重渗逾理论发展创新的过程并在相应的理论指导下，相继开发了二元复合体系、三元复合体系、四元复合体系的炭黑填充抗静电聚丙烯复合材料。其中新型的四元复合体系的炭黑填充抗静电聚丙烯复合材料将会成为炭黑填充抗静电聚丙烯的发展方向，而新型的极低炭黑填充的四元复合体系抗静电聚丙烯将会成为研发的焦点和热点。     

抗静电剂在聚烯烃发泡材料中的应用研究

在聚烯烃中添加抗静电剂，采用模压法制备了发泡材料。研究了抗静电剂用量对发泡材料表面电阻率的影响及性能的变化；分析了抗静电剂用量与交联剂用量的关系。结果表明，当抗静电剂的用量为10份时，发泡材料的表面电阻率为10^8Ω，同时材料的物理性能变化不大；交联剂的用量随着抗静电剂用量的增加而提高。     

非离子型复合抗静电剂在聚丙烯薄膜中的应用

采用非离子型抗复合抗静电剂通过共混复合的方法制备出具有抗静电性能的聚丙烯,考察了抗静电剂的添加量、放置时间、环境湿度对抗静电聚丙烯的表面电阻率的影响。     

超高分子量聚乙烯抗静电体系的研究

研究了UHMW-PE抗静电体系方面的问题。主要采用抗静电剂、抗静电剂与协同剂复合、导电填料与UHMW-PE均匀混合,制备了抗静电材料,并对各自作用的机理进行了初步的探讨。实验结果表明:选用优化配方的抗静电剂加协同剂的UHMW-PE体系、导电填料UHMW-PE体系制备的抗静材料,抗静电性能良好,表面电阻率小于10~7Ω,并基本保持了UHMW-PE耐冲击和耐磨的性能。     

抗静电半硬质聚氨酯整皮泡沫的研制

采用导电炭黑及十六烷基三甲基溴化铵作为复合抗静电剂 ,制备了抗静电半硬质聚氨酯整皮泡沫 ,研究了导电炭黑及十六烷基三甲基溴化铵在树脂基体中的添加工艺、用量及材料贮存时间对泡沫体积电阻率及表面电阻率的影响。结果表明 :采用球磨机球磨的方式可以将导电炭黑均匀地分散在聚醚组分中 ;在半硬质聚氨酯整皮泡沫的树脂基体中加入复合抗静电剂 ,所制得泡沫的体积电阻率下降为 10 7Ω·m ,表面电阻率下降为 10 10 Ω ,且所制得的泡沫在贮存 2 5a以后仍具有较好的抗静电性能。     

浅色复合导电涂料的研制

利用SnO2／Sb2O2／Vermiculite导电功能体与环氧树脂(EP)／聚乙二醇二缩水甘油醚(PGEE)体系复合制备导电涂料，所得到的复合导电涂料的电导率在10^7S／m左右．具有良好的抗静电性、物理性能、耐水、耐油及耐化学品腐蚀性能和好的稳定性，其主要技术指标均达到GB 6950—2001所要求的标准．可广泛用于贮油罐、地板等的防静电涂装。     

PET抗静电复合材料的性能研究

以PET为基体树脂,研究了3种不同类型的抗静电剂与PET熔融共混制备的抗静电复合材料的力学性能、抗静电性能及微观形态。结果表明,含磺酸盐及聚醚的复合抗静电母料和聚醚型复合抗静电母料均可显著提高PET的抗静电性能,当两种母料的质量分数均为3%时,可使PET复合材料的表面电阻率均降低6~7个数量级,而对复合材料的力学性能影响不大;非离子型表面活性剂的改性效果较差。     

水性三聚氰胺树脂抗静电涂层的制备

在三聚氰胺甲醛树脂中掺杂结晶SnCl4·5H2O，增加树脂的抗静电性。制备出水性抗静电涂层，测定表面电阻，并通过红外光谱和热重差热对涂层进行表征。结果表明，三聚氰胺甲醛树脂本身不具备导电性，结晶SnCl4·5H2O的添加使三聚氰胺甲醛树脂导电性大大增加，水分的吸收有利于导电性的提高。20g40％的三聚氰胺甲醛树脂溶液中添加17．8gSnCl4·5H2O形成树脂溶液制备的涂层，在温度60℃，湿度为40％环境中干燥处理4h，涂层表面电阻率可低至1．39×10^7Ω·cm，在室温空气环境中电阻率可降低至8．80×10^6Ω·cm。     

煤矸石改性聚丙烯性能研究

采用熔融共混制备了不同配比的聚丙烯（PP）／煤矸石（coal gangue）复合材料,与纯PP材料相对照,分别研究了复合材料的表面电阻率、体积电阻率,热变形温度以及拉伸强度,弹性模量、硬度等力学性能。结果表明：加入煤矸石能明显降低PP的表面电阻率和体积电阻率,起到较好的抗静电效果。当煤矸石含量约为20％时．复合材料的表面电阻率和体积电阻率均达到最小,分别为2．4×10^8Ω·cm和3．8×10^8Ω·cm,抗静电效果最佳;随着煤矸石填充量的增加,复合材料的力学性能呈现先下降后上升的趋势。材料的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率均在10％时下降至最小,而复合材料的硬度则随煤矸石用量的增加逐渐增强,其综合力学性能约在煤矸石含量为15％时达到最佳值;热变形温度随煤矸石用量的增加没有明显的下降。因此煤矸石含量约为15％的PP改性复合材料可用于生产静电逸散材料。     

油酸聚乙二醇酯对PP抗静电性能的影响

应用合成的油酸聚乙二醇酯为抗静电剂与聚丙烯（PP）熔融共混，制备出PP／油酸聚乙二醇酯共混物，并对共混物的抗静电性能进行了测试。实验结果表明，油酸聚乙二醇酯加入PP中可提高其抗静电能力，添加量为0．2～1．0份时，PP的表面电阻≤10^8Ω。重均摩尔质量为4000g／mol的油酸聚乙二醇酯最佳添加量是0．2份，共混物的表面电阻为1．91×10^6Ω。在实验研究的添加量范围内，重均摩尔质量为4000g／mol的油酸聚乙二醇酯的抗静电性能优于重均摩尔质量为600g／mol的油酸聚乙二醇酯。     

Preparation and characterization of antistatic coatings with modified BaTiO3 powders as conductive fillers

The antistatic coatings were prepared by using rare earths modified BaTiO₃ powders as conductive fillers instead of the traditional metal additives. The composition and preparation technology of the antistatic coatings were researched. The effects of thinner, curing agent, dispersant, and conductive fillers on surface resistance and performances of the antistatic coatings were studied. The determined composition of the antistatic coatings was that of epoxy resin 10.00?g with curing agent 13%, BaTiO₃ powders 5%, dispersant 2%, and thinner 4?ml?g^?1. FTIR and SEM analyses illustrated that the dispersant agent and ultrasonic can make modified BaTiO₃ powders in the coatings to disperse completely. The parameters of antistatic coatings were as following: surface resistance is 1.18?×?10¹⁰?Ω, dry time is 6.0?h, solid content is 94.0%, stiffness is 0.419, viscosity is 255?s, adhesive force is 3, and flexibility is 2. The antistatic coatings were prepared by using rare earths modified BaTiO₃ powders will be prospective candidates for reducing static electricity.     

超细氧化锌改性制备高导电性粉末

以纤锌矿型氧化锌为原料,用后合成法制备了铝掺杂氧化锌导电粉末并在抗静电环氧树脂漆中应用,采用x-射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、化学分析等方法表征导电氧化锌的晶体结构、形貌和化学组成。结果表明,后合成法保持了氧化锌的纤锌矿结构,氧化锌的表面形貌发生了明显的变化。电阻测试结果表明白色氧化锌的电阻率从10Ω·cm降到了10^2Ω·cm,Al掺杂量和理论计算结果相符。抗静电应用结果表明,在氧化锌添加量为20％时,薄涂漆膜的表面电阻为10^6Ω。     

聚丙烯腈/聚苯胺复合纤维的制备及其抗静电性能

用苯胺(ANI)与聚丙烯腈(PAN)纤维接枝聚合的方法制备PAN/PANI复合纤维,研究了其抗静电性能。分别讨论了预处理和苯胺用量对复合纤维质量增加率的影响以及纤维质量增加率对纤维质量比电阻的影响。PAN/PANI纤维将常规PAN纤维的质量比电阻由1010Ω.cm降低到108Ω.cm,改善了PAN纤维的抗静电性能。     

油罐内壁用防静电涂料导电原材料的选择与影响因素

介绍了不同导电材料的特点,论述了适用于油罐内壁防静电涂料的导电材料的选择及其用量的确定.对可能会影响漆膜防静电最终效果的一些主要因素进行了讨论,包括导电底漆、导电材料的分散效果、漆膜的固化速度、填料和环境湿度等.认为采用喷涂锌铝与涂覆涂料的联合防护方法,可起到防腐与防静电的双重作用.     

Preparation of TaB2-SiC oxidation protective coating for carbon materials by liquid phase sintering

To control the microstructure and amounts of TaB₂ phase in the TaB₂-SiC coating, a novel liquid phase sintering method was developed on the basis of in-situ reaction method to prepare the TaB₂-SiC coating, which includes synthesis of TaB₂ powders and further preparation of TaB₂-SiC coating. With Ta₂O₅, B₂O₃ and C employed as raw materials, hexagonal TaB₂ powders were prepared by carbothermal reduction method at 1500?°C, whose mean particle size is 491?nm. The TaB₂, SiC, C powders, and the low melting point phases Si and silica sol were used to prepare the TaB₂-SiC coating by liquid phase sintering at 2373?K. The thickness of the coating is about 350?µm. Compared with the SiC coating, the weight loss of the samples modified by TaB₂ decreased from 17.7% to 11.8%, and the average weight loss rate of the fastest weightloss zone reduced from ?6?×?10^?3 mg?cm^?2 s^?1 to ?5?×?10^?3 mg?cm^?2 s^?1. During oxidation, the Ta-oxides would gradually dissolve in the silicate glass to form Ta-Si-O glass ceramics with dendritic structure, which significantly improved the toughness and stability of the glass layer. The Ta-Si-O glass ceramics possesses the ability of sealing and arresting the microcracks, which can enhance the oxidation protective ability of the coating.     

无机粉体材料的表面处理方法

无机粉体材料的表面包覆及改性是近年来冶金及材料界为寻求制备新型材料而涌现的一个新的研究领域。粉体材料经无机包覆后，表面可具有新的物理化学性质，制成的复合粉体可用于陶瓷、催化、防腐、颜料、粘结、电子等行业。本文对无机粉体材料的表面处理方法进行了详细综述。     

Wanderung von Antistatika in Kunststoffen

By giving plastics materials an antistatic finish, their surface resistance of ca. 10¹⁴ Ohm (measured according to DIN 53482) can be reduced to values of ≤ 10⁹ Ohm. The properties of some antistatic agents of the type fatty acid choline ester chloride (FAC), fatty acid monoglyceride (MCM) and paraffin sulfonate (PAS) are described. When applied as surface coating to rigid PVC, PS and LD-PE, amounts of 24 mg MCM/m² film surface of 6–10mg FAC/m² or 10mg PAS/m² were found to be optimum for a good antistatic finish. At a coating of 24mg/m² MCM the PS film showed still a sufficient antistatic finish after ca. 20 days, the PP film after 35 days and the PVC film after 68 days. The incorporation of MCM into LD-PE of different densities (0.95—0.92) proved that LD-PE with a density of 0.92 very well can be antistatically finished with MCM. The post-migration of MCM depends strongly on the density of the PE and to a lesser extent on its molecular weight.     

阻燃、抗静电硬质PVC涂敷管的研制

分析了阻燃、抗静电硬质PVC管材(简称PVC双抗管材)加入导电炭黑后变脆的原因,论述了涂敷阻燃、抗静电涂料生产PVC涂敷双抗管材的可行性,介绍了阻燃、抗静电涂料的制备及PVC涂敷双抗管材的物理性能.     

Grain Boundaries of Semiconducting SrTiO3 and BaTiO3 Ceramics Synthesized from Surface-Coated Powders

The chemical and electrical features of the grain boundaries in polycrystalline SrTi_0.99Nb_0.01O₃ (ST) and BaTiO₃ (BT) ceramics, which were synthesized by hot-press sintering Na- and Mn-coated semiconducting ST and BT powders, respectively, were investigated. Because of the excess negative electric charges formed near grain boundaries, electrostatic potential barriers were formed near the grain boundaries. The electrical features of the grain boundaries in ceramics are very sensitive to the amount of the coating material. When the amount of the coating material was increased from 0 to 5 wt%, the threshold voltage of the ST ceramics and the resistivity jump ratio of the BT ceramics increased from 0.7 to 81.0 V/cm and from 1.0 to 2.0 × 10³, respectively. The electrical features of the grain boundaries are related to their chemical characteristics.     

原位合成碳化钨涂层的基础研究

碳化钨陶瓷因具有极高的熔点、高的化学稳定性、高的硬度和优异的耐磨耐蚀性,已成为近年来金属陶瓷研究的热点之一。采用钨极氩弧堆焊设备,通过原料粉末之间的高温冶金反应,在堆焊过程中原位合成碳化钨金属陶瓷涂层。对所制备的涂层试样的组织结构进行了观察分析,并且研究了涂层的耐磨料磨损性能。研究结果表明,在钨极氩弧为热源的条件下,能获得性能较好的高温涂层,为碳化钨复合涂层在工业中的实际应用提供了理论基础。