红外测温仪在安钢2200m3高炉热风炉上的应用

热风炉炉顶温度是热风炉系统重要的操作参数,使用热电偶测量炉顶温度,存在使用寿命短、更换时间长、资金消耗大等问题.用热风炉红外测温仪替代热电偶测量热风炉顶温度,具有抗干扰能力强、测量精度高、安装调试相对简单等优点,大大减少了维护人员的工作量.另外它以卓越的性能弥补了热电偶测温的不足,有利于热风炉系统的稳定运行.     

基于热电偶的高精度现场温度参数采集方法研究

K型热电偶作为一种价格低廉,构造简易,温度测试范围广的测温元件,被广泛使用于工业现场温度参数采集中,在此基础上引入ADAM模块可以为温度参数的现场采集提供便利,实现现场温度参数的远程控制。本文对基于热电偶的现场温度参数采集方法进行了研究,结果表明,采用K型热电偶并在测温系统中引入ADAM模块,可以提高温度采集的精度,在工业生产现场温度采集领域中可以得到广泛应用。     

连铸中间包钢水红外连续测温工业实验

阐述了一个基于比色原理的红外连续测温系统的工业实验成果.对常用红外连续测温装置的测量原理及其差异进行了分析.报告了陶瓷基高导温测温管的耐侵蚀实验、抗热震实验,以及冷却气体温度、压力、流量对测温枪冷却效果的影响.并对该系统在工业实验过程中的测量准确性、稳定性、设备可靠性以及温度的响应时间进行了分析.通过铂-铂铑热电偶测温对比实验,分析了热电偶测温和基于比色原理的红外钢水连续测温系统的优劣.     

光电测温仪在高炉热风炉炉顶测温中的应用

热风炉是高炉生产工艺的重要组成部分．它可稳定地供给高炉热风，是高炉降低焦比、强化冶炼的重要手段。热风炉炉顶温度需严格控制使其不能超过炉体耐火砖允许蠕变的最大值。2002年，本溪钢铁公司二铁厂利用高炉热风炉仪表系统改造的机会，将以住采用热电偶测量炉顶温度的方法改用JG系列光电测温系统，明显提高了测量精度和稳定性，并获得较好的经济效益。     

新型十字测温传感器在高炉上的应用

在高炉炼铁生产中对炉顶温度的测量主要采用十字测温传感器。调查现场实际应用情况,发现存在诸多问题。设计了新型十字测温传感器,以便更为及时准确地测量炉顶温度,延长热电偶的使用寿命。在热电偶损坏的情况下,新传感器可不影响生产及时更换,保证高炉生产的稳定顺行,降低维护成本。     

一种新型结构热电偶——铠装热电偶

压制陶瓷绝缘热电偶,也称铠装热电偶或套管热电偶,是一种新型结构热电偶。由于它有许多独特的优点,在国外已广泛用于各种温度测量,有取代普通热电偶的趋势。我国已成批生产铠装热电偶,但在锻、铸、热等热加工工艺测温中尚未普遍应用。为此,根据美国材料试验学会《测温热电偶手册》有关章节编译成本文,作一简要介绍,以期在金属测温中更多应用铠装热电偶,提高测温精度。     

电解槽温度测量新技术在京研制成功

近日，全新的铝电解槽温度测量仪在北京研制成功。 目前国内各电解铝厂的电解槽测温环节仍存在不少弊端。如各厂的电解槽温度测量工作没有统一流程、标准；电解槽温度测量工具不同造成测量数据偏差较大。而且各厂使用的测温热电偶多为直径8mm，长1500mm的K型热电偶，     

接长热电偶

热电偶测温,具有测温准确度高、反应速度快和测温范围广等优点,因此,在科学和工业中温度的测量上被广泛的使用。在开展双增双节活动中,我们接长制作了铂锗—铂热电偶10支,经过一年多的现场使用,证明接长的热电偶性能良好,经济效益很显著。接长热电偶制作方法:     

中间包连续测温系统

在整个连铸过程中发挥重要作用的中间包连续测温系统，包括测温探头、探头固定夹、信号电缆以及仪表。这种连续测温系统与传统的浸入式热电偶相比，它的主要优点有三：一是能够稳定地监控钢水的温度。通过连续监控中间包温度，使拉速提高到最大。这有助于提高连铸机生产率。二是需要人工进行侵入测量的次数大大减少或完全消除，     

红外测温技术在高温液体连续测温系统中的应用

将红外测温技术和光纤传导技术引入高温液体连续测温系统,实现连铸中间包钢水温度的连续测量,克服了热电偶存在的间断测量、需要经常更换等缺陷,和国内外同类产品相比,具有响应速度快、连续测温时间长、测量成本低、精度高等优点。简要介绍红外测温理论、实用测温数学模型的建立与应用、连续测温系统的组成及其测量原理。     

热电偶测温误差分析

针对工业加热炉，详细分析了热电偶测温过程，由于热电偶热端与炉墙内表面之间的辐射换热，以及热电偶本身因热端和冷端温度不同造成的导热总是存在，因此热电偶测温存在误差。本文从理论上分析了热电偶测温误差的来源，提出了热电偶测温误差计算模型，并导出了测温误差的近似计算公式，还结合实例讨论了减小测温误差的措施。     

电动势法测量容器内液面高度

高炉长寿、大型、高效化是高炉炼铁的主流趋势,炉缸是影响高炉长寿的关键性环节。为实现对炉缸内部环境长期稳定的监测,冶金研究人员尝试了诸多方法,例如热电偶测温、冷却壁水温监测法、超声波无损检测技术等,但这些方法均存在弊端。根据高炉炉缸的结构特点,实验室设计了一个炉缸试验装置及其配套的EMF(电动势)测量系统。通过实验室试验得出EMF信号与液面高度、温度、传感材质等参数之间的关系,然后通过现场鱼雷罐工业试验验证了EMF信号与液面的关系。6种信号线中,钼丝和镀银铜线适合做信号线。     

Transrectal ultrasound applicator for prostate heating monitored using MRI thermometry

PURPOSE: For potential localized hyperthermia treatment of tumors within the prostate, an ultrasound applicator consisting entirely of nonmagnetic materials for use with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been developed and tested on muscle tissue ex vivo and in vivo. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A partial-cylindrical intracavitary transducer consisting of 16 elements in a 4 x 4 pattern was constructed. It produced a radially propagating acoustic pressure field. Each element of this array (1.5 x 0.75 cm), operating at 1.5 MHz, could be separately powered to produce a desired energy deposition pattern within a target volume. Spatial and temporal temperature elevations were determined using the temperature-dependent proton resonant frequency (PRF) shift and phase subtraction of MR images acquired during ultrasonic heating. Four rabbits were exposed to the ultrasound to raise the local tissue temperature to 45 degrees C for 25 minutes. Six experiments compared thermocouple temperature results to PRF shift temperature results. RESULTS: The tests showed that the multi-element ultrasound applicator was MRI-compatible and allowed imaging during sonication. The induced temperature distribution could be controlled by monitoring the RF power to each transducer element. Therapeutic temperature elevations were easily achieved in vivo at power levels that were about 16% of the maximum system power. From the six thermocouple experiments, comparison between the thermocouple temperature and the PRF temperature yielded an average error of 0.34+/-0.36 degrees C. CONCLUSIONS: The MRI-compatible intracavitary applicator and driving system was able to control the ultrasound field and temperature pattern in vivo. MRI thermometry using the PRF shift can provide adequate temperature accuracy and stability for controlling the temperature distribution.     

利用红外温度计实现回转窑温度在线检测的新方法

通过分析传统的回转窑温度测量方法,提出了一种新的在线测量方法。利用红外温度计测量回转窑内部温度,并与传统的测量方法对比,用实验及数据验证该方法的可行性,解决了用热电偶测量回转窑温度信号难取出的问题。测量结果准确、稳定,满足生产的要求。     

钨铼热电偶的失效分析

笔者采用热力学计算和实验检测（EDS）相结合的方法,探讨了钨铼热电偶在氮气、高温含碳环境中可能发生的反应以及反应进行的条件．研究表明,在高温时,氮气、石墨、石英砂、钨铼之间发生复杂的化学反应是导致钨铼热电偶失效的主要原因;在装配过程中不宜用SiC做钨铼热电偶的绝缘材料,应避免石墨、石英砂、钨铼之间的交叉污染．     

A compensation method for the disturbance in the temperature field caused by subsurface thermocouples

The presence of a subsurface thermocouple hole can lead to a local disturbance of the temperature field in a sample and to a discrepancy between the thermal history measured by the thermocouple and the thermal history in an area without a thermocouple. This phenomenon also leads to errors in the surface heat flux calculated using an inverse heat conduction model, which relies on the acquired thermal history data. This article analyzes the factors that influence the temperature discrepancy caused by a subsurface thermocouple hole. A technique called the “equivalent depth” technique is proposed to compensate for the disturbance of the temperature field due to the presence of a thermocouple hole. This technique involves off-setting the location of the thermocouple position based on the radius of the thermocouple hole. A verification of this technique for the calculation of the surface heat flux using an inverse heat conduction model with measured thermal history data is presented.     

基于机尾断面红外特征构建烧结过程温度三维趋势图的方法研究

研究了用机尾断面红外特征构建烧结过程三维温度趋势图检测烧结终点的新方法。与传统的热电偶测量废气温度间接得到烧结终点方法相比,红外特征图像重建可以全面、精确地反映烧结矿沿水平与垂直两个方向上的燃烧过程。     

大型轧机轴承温度测试方法的研究

利用热电偶测温原理,精确测试了轴承内表面承载区域和非承载区域关键点的温度;再利用导热反问题原理,计算得到轴承最大温度值及其对应位置,能够有效实现实时、快速反应轧机轴承内部温度的变化,为轴承系统的热分析及轴承维护提供可靠的实验依据。     

A novel numerical model for billet reheating furnace

A numerical model of billet reheating furnace is proposed, which includes heat fluxes calculation around four billet surfaces and two-dimensional conduction calculation inside billet. Radiation and convection heat fluxes on top and bottom surfaces are calculated simultaneously, based on quartic and linear difference between furnace gas and billet surface temperatures, while furnace gas temperature is determined according to thermocouple values along furnace length together with billet surface temperature. Lateral fluxes are also calculated considering angle factor on billets interval. Two-dimensional partial differential equation is acquired for billet conduction to determine temperature distribution, which is discretised and solved by Alternating Direction Implicit and TriDiagonal Matrix Algorithm. Two embedded thermocouple experiments were carried out to verify furnace gas temperature, the effect of billet interval on lateral heat flux calculation as well as billet temperature. It met agreement well with experiments on billet temperature, which could be a better prerequisite for further reheating furnace automatic control.     

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A 2D temperature model was proposed for heating rules and real-time calculation during heating process on billet reheating furnace, which included furnace temperature calculation along furnace length, billet surface fluxes calculation and conduction calculation inside billet. First, furnace temperature was accomplished according to thermocouple. Then fluxes on the above and below surfaces were calculated by total heat exchange factor method, as well as lateral fluxes. ADI and TDMA algorithms were adopted to calculate billet internal temperature distribution. Validation was carried out by thermocouple experiments and a model system was established in a hot rolling plant to provide appropriate heating rules and real-time temperature prediction. It shows precision and responsibility during reheating furnace production.