浆砌石浅基础桥台的应用

在各地灌、涝区渠系上已建设桥梁数量最多,施工简单、就地取材量大、造价较低廉、管理也方便的桥型是浆砌石墩台钢筋混凝土盖桥板。近几年,按目前水利建设的形势,通过国家对基础设施投入的加大,其配套工程中的小桥梁中,浆砌石墩台平板桥占居很大的比例。     

浆砌石坝施工技术规定

中华人民共和国水利电力部关于试行《浆砌石坝施工技术规定》的通知 (84)水电基字第17号为了提高浆砌石坝工程质量,更好地进行水利水电工程建设,原水利部基建总局组织贵州省水利厅、福建省水电工程局、广西桂林地区水电局、河北省水利厅等单位编写的浆砌石坝施工技术规范讨论稿,经我部审查修改,定名为《浆砌石坝施工技术规定(试行)》,现批准颁发试行。各单位在试行本规定过程中,有何意见,请随时函告我部基建司。一九八四年四月五日     

海南省陀兴水库改扩建工程浆砌石坝充填灌浆应用与研究

目前,浆砌石坝充填灌浆设计及施工技术等方面暂无明确的规程规范可以遵循,文章通过陀兴水库改扩建工程实例介绍充填浆在浆石坝中的设计指标、灌浆工艺、工程质量检查等控制要点,明确该措施对于增强浆砌石坝体强度,提高坝体抗剪、抗滑稳定性、降低坝体透水率等具有较好的效果。研究结论可为浆砌石坝充填灌浆实践应用提供参考。     

浆砌石体破坏原因分析及防治措施

１浆砌石结构应用现状 我市从６０年代后期，在小型水利工程建设中，大量应用浆砌石和混凝土结构。特别是浆砌石结构，由于具有可以就地取材、容易施工、坚固美观、造价低廉等优点，所以得到应用和推广。且大多用于修建挡土墙、桥涵、水闸、河坝、堤防等小型水利工程。但是我市应用浆砌石结构修建的大量小型水利工程目前破坏现象相当严重，尤其是浆砌石挡土墙更为普遍。例如，灌区建筑物和农道桥涵的浆砌石翼墙、渠道的浆砌石边墙。浆砌石堤防、公路的浆砌石挡土墙断裂、倾斜、倒塌现象到处可见；２浆砌石体破坏原因分析 基础浅，没有达到不…     

砌石拱坝坝型控制技术

三宝溪砌石拱坝工程坝型控制运用质量控制原理,针对传统拱坝施工放样技术的不足,综合运用施工放样技术、计算机技术、浆砌石坝砌筑工艺,具有施工简便、操作性强、控制精度高、工作量小等特点,对砌石拱坝的施工具有一定的推广价值。     

干砌石与浆砌石施工技术

阐述了干砌石与浆砌石的概念,这些材料广泛应用于水利工程和交通工程,如:江河护岸、公路排水、堤坝挡土、砌筑塘库坝体等。水土保持工程中亦为多见。文章阐述了干砌石和浆砌石工程的施工要点技术和工艺流程。     

混凝土防渗心墙浆砌石重力坝施工技术

浆砌石大坝因其具有较好的整体性、密实性和较高的强度等优点,在我国已经广泛应用,而将防渗混凝土材料与浆砌石坝结合,更增加了坝体的防渗水和抗腐蚀的能力,因此混凝土防渗心墙浆砌石重力坝在水利工程建设中具有很好的适用性,应用得越来越广泛。文章结合一个混凝土防渗心墙浆砌石重力式拦水坝工程的施工实例,着重介绍了浆砌石重力坝及混凝土防渗心墙的主要施工技术,并总结了此类工程的一些质量控制要点,希望为类似工程的施工提供借鉴。     

浆砌石挡墙护坡轮廓控制浅析

浆砌石施工质量、外观参差不齐,与浆砌石施工过程中砌体坡度、轮廓控制有关。浆砌石施工既要按照规范与标准施工,又要灵活运用现场条件满足设计要求。介绍了轮廓架的制作安装过程,以及有效控制浆砌体坡度与轮廓的方法,旨在为现场施工人员提供有效的方法与思路。     

谈水工浆砌石砌筑施工措施

水工浆砌石工程因其取材方便、坚固耐用、造价低廉,在小型水利工程中被广泛使用。但是砌筑所用的石料、工艺不得当,会造成砌体不能满足足够的强度、刚度和稳定性。笔者根据多年实践,现就施工中出现的浆砌石砌筑通病及其预防措施,谈一下看法。     

浆砌石工程冬期施工

文章从理论上分析了浆砌石冬期施工的可行性 ,同时介绍了冬期浆砌石工程的施工方法。     

Call for Papers

正As the eldest and most distributed professional journal of water industry,Water Wastewater Engineering(W WE)gained very wide acceptance from the colleagues working in this field in this country since start publication in 1964.Now it is administrated by the Ministry of Construction of the People’s Republic of China and sponsored by the China Civil Engineering Society etc.     

Serial discontinuities in a Rocky mountain river. I. Distribution and abundance of plecoptera

Samples were taken year-round at eleven sites along the altitudinal profile (2900-1400 m a.s.l.) of the Gunnison River, a 329 km tributary of the Colorado River, to document the distribution of the Plecoptera and to evaluate responses to hypolimnial-release dams in the headwaters and middle reaches. Twenty-two species were present, with the greatest species richness occurring in an unregulated segment upstream of the middle reach dams; average nymphal biomass over the study period (175 organisms, 395 mg dry mass m^?2) was also greatest in this segment. Only four species (58 organisms, 48 mg m^?2) were present in the tailwaters of the headwater dam and values were greatly reduced (nine species; 35 organisms, 180 mg m^?2) below the middle reach dams. The stonefly community recovered ca. 80 km downstream from the last dam (15 species; 244 organisms, 250 mg m^?2), apparently in response to natural resetting of environmental conditions corresponding to those above the middle reach dams. At the most downstream site (11) only four species (four organisms, 16 mg m^?2) were present. The observed distributional pattern is a classic serial discontinuity in response to hypolimnial stream regulation in a temperate latitude river.     

地下厂房施工过程的三维非线性数值模拟分析

根据冗各电站地下厂房开挖支护的施工顺序,以隐式杆单元模拟锚杆,以壳单元模拟混凝土喷层,采用三维非线性有限元技术,对洞室群的开挖支护动态过程进行了模拟计算。通过三维非线性有限元计算分析得到:洞室群动态开挖过程中围岩应力变形的分布规律,围岩塑性区的发展规律,锚杆受力变化情况。计算结果表明:整个开挖过程中,洞周围岩位移变化规律正常,量值较小,塑性区主要分布在洞室周边,围岩稳定性较好;但在洞室交叉口处围岩的变形较大,出现较大范围的塑性区,在此基础上提出了支护措施优化方案,并对优化方案的效果进行了评价。     

Impacts of Microcystis on algal biodiversity and use of new technology to remove Microcystis and dissolved nutrients

Cyanobacteria often dominate eutrophic lakes, outcompeting green algae that are required by fish and zooplankton. This study was undertaken to ascertain the impact of the cyanobacterium, Microcystis, on algal biodiversity. Under laboratory conditions, we found that the presence of Microcystis decreased phyla richness by 58%, phyla evenness by 47%, genera richness by 66% and genera evenness by 51%. Analysis by mixed anova s demonstrated a significant interaction between treatment and time and confirmed a significant reduction in richness and evenness of phyla and genera. We also conducted a phosphate restriction assay on the algae in Mason Lake (Irvine, CA, USA) and found that the threshold needed for algal growth there was 0.02 mg L^?1 PO₄. A pilot study was then conducted to test the effectiveness of the Blue Pro? water treatment facility in removal of this colonial organism from Mason Lake, in addition to removal of dissolved nutrients required for its growth. We measured a 97% reduction in Microcystis cells, a 72% reduction in chlorophyll‐a, and a 96% reduction in phosphate after just one 10 min cycle through the unit. Our study demonstrated that removal of Microcystis colonies may allow green algae to increase in numbers. This may improve algal biodiversity, which will benefit zooplankton and fishes.     

Evaluation of freshwater mussel relocation as a conservation and management strategy

The relocation of unionacean mussels is commonly used as a conservation and management tool in large rivers and streams. Relocation has been used to recolonize areas where mussel populations have been eliminated by prior pollution events, to remove mussels from construction zones and to re-establish populations of endangered species. More recently, relocation has been used to protect native freshwater mussels from colonization by the exotic zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha. We conducted a literature review of mussel relocations and evaluated their relative success as a conservation and management strategy. We found that 43% of all relocations were conducted because of construction projects that were forced to comply with the Endangered Species Act 1973 and that only 16% were monitored for five or more consecutive years. Most (43%) relocation projects were conducted from July to September, presumably a period when reproductive stress is relatively low for most species and the metabolic rate is sufficient for reburrowing in the substrate. The mortality of relocated mussels was unreported in 27% of projects; reported mortality varied widely among projects and species and was difficult to assess. The mean mortality of relocated mussels was 49% based on an average recovery rate of 43%. There is little guidance on the methods for relocation or for monitoring the subsequent long-term status of relocated mussels. Based on this evaluation, research is needed to develop criteria for selecting a suitable relocation site and to establish appropriate methods and guidelines for conducting relocation projects.     

SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL WATER QUALITY VARIABILITY IN AQUATIC HABITATS OF A CULTIVATED FLOODPLAIN

The floodplains of lowland rivers contain diverse aquatic habitats that provide valuable ecosystem services but are perturbed when intensively cultivated. Hydrologic, water chemistry and biological (fish) conditions in five aquatic habitats along the Coldwater River, Mississippi, were measured for more than 4 years: the river, two severed meanders that functioned as backwaters, a managed wetland and an ephemeral channel draining cultivated fields. Off‐channel habitats were connected to downstream regions 0.10% to 32% of the dry season and 24% to 67% of the wet season. The median temperatures for the five monitored sites ranged from 18°C to 23°C, the median total solids concentration for all sites was 135 mg L^?1, the median total phosphorus was 0.29 mg L^?1 and the median total nitrogen was 1.56 mg L^?1. Chemical and physical water quality displayed strong seasonal differences between the wet winter/spring and the dry summer/fall periods so that temporal variation consisted of gradual seasonal trends superimposed on strong diurnal variations. All off‐channel habitats exhibited periods of hypoxia and temperatures >30°C during the dry season. Between‐site gradients of water and habitat quality were strongly coupled to water depth and runoff loading. The rehabilitation of one backwater by increasing water depth and diverting agricultural runoff was associated with improved water quality and fish species richness relative to an adjacent untreated backwater. The diversion of polluted runoff and the use of water control structures to maintain greater water depth were observed to be effective management tools, but the former reduces the water supply to habitats that tend to dry up and the latter reduces connectivity. Published in 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于模型试验的河床砂砾石层基本特性研究

为了经济可靠地确定深厚覆盖层的基本特性参数,以大渡河双江口水电站坝基河床砂砾石层基本特性研究为工程背景,进行大尺寸模型试验,研究河床砂砾石层的旁压模量和动探击数随密度、级配以及上覆压力的变化规律。根据室内模型试验结果,结合现场旁压试验及钻孔试验成果,推断出坝址区河床砂砾石相关层位的密度,并依此进行砂砾石室内力学试验,获得设计所需力学参数。研究成果可为深厚覆盖层基本特性测试提供新的方法。     

簸箕李引黄灌区水沙分布及优化调度的经验

灌区利用水沙观测所取得的资料和试验数据，运用水沙运动力学理论，总结分析和揭示了灌区水沙分布的规律和特点。在此基础上，结合灌区的实际运行情况，围绕减少骨干渠道的淤积进行探讨、研究，进而，优化水沙调度方案。该方案实施后，骨干渠道减旅伴效果明显，取得了成功的经验。     

小湾水库大坝防渗面板及其裂缝的加固处理

小湾水库大坝防渗面板整体抗渗性能差,且存在多条裂缝,通过对面板钢丝网喷涂丙乳砂浆加固处理及其裂缝修补,大坝渗漏量明显减少,且左岸上灌浆廊道内及大坝下游坝面92～93 m高程下廊道入口处原有小股射流全部消失.     

Spatio‐temporal variation of gross CO2 and CH4 diffusive emissions from Australian reservoirs and natural aquatic ecosystems,and estimation of net reservoir emissions

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) and methane (CH₄) diffusive emissions were measured during two field surveys in Queensland and Tasmania, Australia, using the floating chamber method. Bubbling and degassing emissions in 2010 were estimated in Koombooloomba Dam reservoir using only inverted funnels and gas concentrations, respectively. A total of 14 reservoirs and 16 rivers and lakes were sampled from 2006 to 2010. Spatial variation was substantial within each water body, as well as between them. The main drivers of diffusive emission variation were physiographic region and climate, with a clear demarcation being observed between diffusive emissions from tropical Queensland and temperate Tasmania, and between the humid West Coast Range (Tasmania) and dry Central Plateau (Tasmania). Higher CO₂ and CH₄ diffusive emissions were observed during the dry season, when long water residence times would promote organic matter degradation. Estimated total gross emissions, including diffusive, bubbling and degassing emissions, for Koombooloomba Dam reservoir were about 1.5 × 10⁶ t CO₂eq km² per year, or 24 × 10⁶ t CO₂eq per year. This corresponds to a plant emission factor of 3.18 kg CO₂eq MWh^?1. Using an estimate of terrestrial emissions derived from literature data for the Tully River catchment area, rough estimated net emissions from the catchment area are about 44 kt CO₂eq per year, or 5.83 kg CO₂eq MWh^?1, which is in the lower range of the studied reservoirs.