MFSM结构铁电薄膜系统I-V特性研究

为制备符合铁电场效应晶体管(FFET)及铁电存储二极管(FMD)要求的高质量铁电薄膜,采用激光脉冲沉积方法(PLD)制备了Au/PZT/p-Si/Au和Au/PZT/BIT/p-Si/Au多层结构的两种铁电薄膜系统.分析表明,在不同的电压范围,起主导作用的导电机制不同:电压低于1V时,漏电流遵循欧姆定律,电压在2.2～3.0V时,空间电荷限制电流(SCLC)占主导地位.I-V特性曲线的结果表明Au/PZT/BIT/p-Si/Au结构比Au/PZT/p-Si/Au结构的漏电流密度低两个数量级,I-V特性曲线回滞窗口增大0.3V,这说明PZT铁电薄膜与Si衬底之间加入BIT铁电层有助于降低漏电流密度,增大I-V回线的回滞窗口.     

宽带压电振动能量收集器结构设计与实验验证

为了收集环境中随机振动的能量,提出谐振频率和带宽皆可调的压电振动能量收集方法.通过调节止挡块的高度,振动能量收集器可以达到自由、碰撞和预紧3种工作状态.根据3种工作状态,建立振动数学模型,利用有限元和MATLAB软件仿真振动能量收集器的输出性能.加工L型四悬臂结构的大尺寸原理样机,在1g激励加速度下,测试自由、碰撞和预紧3种结构下的电压输出与频率的关系.实验结果与建模仿真结果表明,碰撞振动模式比自由和预紧模式有更好的能量收集效果,结构的非线性刚度对能量收集器的谐振频率和带宽有显著影响.     

一种新型矩阵式AC/DC变换器研究

为克服常规AC/DC变换器的缺陷,提出了一种新型AC/DC变换器——三相/一相矩阵式变换器(3/1MC).该矩阵式变换器直接将三相交流380V/50 Hz输入变换为单相PWM高频、高压交流电压.由高频变压器隔离并调理为需要的幅值后,经倍流式整流、滤波输出预期的直流电压.控制电路由UC3879及外围逻辑芯片组成.通过4kW 28.5V/140A原理样机的实验验证了理论分析的正确性及方案的可行性     

压电发电装置的功率分析与试验

为提高压电发电装置(能量转换系统)的输出功率,建立了简谐激励条件下两种能量转换电路(交、直流输出)功率计算模型,并进行了模拟分析及试验验证。理论研究结果表明,在压电振子开路电压(结构尺寸及激励频率)一定时,存在不同的最佳负载使交、直流输出电路获得最大的输出功率,交流输出的最佳负载及最大功率分别是直流输出最佳负载及最大功率的2/π和π/2倍。试验用压电振子尺寸为58mm×30mm×0.7mm,激励频率为44.3Hz时的开路电压为14.8V。交、直流输出电路所对应的最佳理论/试验负载分别为72/71kΩ和113/110kΩ,最大理论/试验功率分别为0.76/87mW和0.49/4.7mW。     

涡激振动压电能量收集技术的实验研究与分析

提出一种基于涡激振动机理的压电能量收集器,可将风能转换为电能加以利用.能量收集器结构主要包括细长圆筒结构和压电陶瓷片,圆筒的尺寸为内径35 mm,高78 mm,壁厚0. 4mm.通过风洞试验研究能量收集器的涡激振动能量转换过程.实验研究表明:将4个细长的圆柱体沿风流动方向串行排列,在圆筒中心距离为11. 43 cm的条件下可以引发圆筒发生涡激振动,从而引发压电陶瓷片的持续机械振动,从而进一步将风能转换为电能.在风速为5. 5 m/s时可以产生5. 882 V的最大电压,可使小灯泡持续发光发亮.     

ITO/NPB/Alq_3/LiF/Al电致发光器件光电特性

针对有机电致发光器件发光效率低、稳定性差的问题,设计制备了ITO/NPB/Alq3/LiF/Al多层有机电致发光器件.测试了器件的电流电压特性、器件的亮度电压特性、器件的电致发光光谱.结果表明,当外加电压为16V时,器件的电流达到最大值21.70mA,器件的亮度达到了11 700cd/m2;当外加电压为14 V时,电致发光光谱波峰位于528 nm处,归一化强度最大值为0.522 1a.u.制备的器件电子注入能力、电流和亮度均得到了增强.     

基于MCzHQZn的有机电致发光器件

通过结构为ITO/2T-NATA(20nm/NPBx(20nm)/MCzHQZn(30nm)/BCP(10nm)/Alq3(20nm)/LiF(0.5nm)/Al、ITO/2T-NATA(30nm/MCzHQZn(30nm)/BCP(10nm)/Alq3(30nm)/LiF(0.5nm)/Al和ITO/2T-NATA(20nm/MCzHQZn(30nm)/NPBx(16nm)/BCP(10nm)/Alq3(25nm)/LiF(0.5nm)/Al的3组有机电致发光器件(OLED),证明了MCzHQZn既具有空穴传输特性,又具有较好的发光特性。MCzHQZn在器件1中作发光层,器件最大亮度在电压16V时达到3692cd/m2,电压13V时的最大效率为0.90cd/A,发光的峰值波长为564nm;MCzHQZn在器件2中既作发光层又作空穴传输层,器件最大亮度在电压为13V时达到1929cd/m2,电压12V时的最大效率为0.57cd/A,发光的峰值波长也为564nm;MCzHQZn在器件3中作空穴传输层,由NPBx作发光层,器件最大亮度在电压为14V时达到3556cd/m2,电压9V时的最大效率为1.08cd/A,...     

压电俘能地板设计与实验研究

设计了一种踩踏式压电俘能地板,将行人踩踏时产生的机械能转化为电能,收集后向用电器供电。首先采用三维建模软件进行机械结构设计和能量收集系统设计,然后制作样机进行实验,测出实际压电地板的最大输出电压,将理论值和实际值进行对比,踩踏力为850 N时,压电地板的最大输出电压为14.6 V,其性能符合预期。     

ZnO微纳米结构的制备及其光学性能

在没有催化剂的情况下,空气中直接加热氧化锌片成功制备出ZnO纳米线/纳米片.通过改变反应温度,分别能够获得紧密排列的ZnO纳米线和纳米片.ZnO纳米线和纳米片的直径为几个微米,厚度约为280 nm.室温光致发光测试研究表明其最大可见发射波长在508 nm.该研究工作为纳米器件研制提供了一种简单直接氧化方法,可望高产率制备高质量半导体纳米线和纳米片阵列.     

表面效应对铁电纳米线性能的影响

在Jandau-Ginsburg-Devonshire(LGD)理论的基础上,建立了铁电纳米线的理论模型,并通过与第一原理计算结果的对比,建立了一种获取外延长度的新方法.对于Pb(Zr0 5 Ti0.5)0,(PZT)纳米线,其外延长度为20 nm.计算结果表明,在PZT纳米线中存在O.8 nm的临界直径,同时揭示了纳米线的表面效应对其铁电性能的抑制作用.     

Low frequency wide bandwidth MEMS energy harvester based on spiral-shaped PVDF cantilever

In this paper,a piezoelectric energy harvester based on spiral-shaped polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF)cantilever is designed and fabricated for harvesting low frequency vibration energy in the environment.In this design,the spiral-shaped PVDF cantilever is major for lowering the resonant frequency by increasing the length of the cantilever;Copper and silicon proof masses on both sides are working on further decreasing the resonant frequency and widen its bandwidth.Due to the high flexibility of the PVDF cantilever,this device is extremely sensitive to vibration and can harvest weak vibration energy.Both simulation and experimental results have approved that this device can operate at very low frequency which is about 20 Hz and can effectively harvest energy from 15–50 Hz.The peak of the output voltage can reach 1.8 V with the acceleration of 0.2 g.This is a promising harvester for powering the wireless sensors in the future.     

压电振动能量采集器的性能分析与功率优化

为了预测压电振动能量采集器的输出特性,优化输出功率,以压电双晶片串联型振动能量采集器为研究对象,综合考虑结构与电路耦合因素,利用有限元法和ANSYS软件建立压电振动能量采集器的有限元机电耦合动力学模型和网格实体模型.分析在外力激振条件下负载电阻对压电振动能量采集器的振动特性和电输出特性的影响,得到不同负载电阻下压电能量采集器的振动特性和电输出特性曲线.通过调节负载电阻使之与能量采集器的阻抗匹配,实现了对能量采集器输出功率的优化,得到了优化的负载电阻和输出功率.研究结果表明,采用压电能量采集器能够输出大的开路电压、大的短路电流,优化后的开路和短路谐振时的最大输出功率分别达到57.81和55.12 W.     

Optimization of cantilevered piezoelectric energy harvester with a fixed resonance frequency

Piezoelectric energy harvesting is widely used to scavenge vibration energy in the environment.For some vibration sources with fixed frequency,cantilevered harvester can generate the energy effectively,so the optimization theory for cantilevered harvester in such an application is needed.In this article,we present the theoretical and experimental studies of the cantilevered piezoelectric energy harvester with a fixed resonance frequency.An analytical model based on energy method is used to estimate the open-circuit voltage and generated energy.Considering that the harvester may be subjected to the static force or steady-state sinusoidal vibration excitation,static and dynamic analysis is performed for device structure to achieve efficient energy.In the analysis,the effects of geometrical dimension on the energy harvesting performance are discussed comprehensively.Eventually,a prototype is designed and fabricated using(1-x)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-xPbTiO3(PMN-PT)single crystal with ultrahigh piezoelectric properties and coupling factor.Performances of the cantilever with different clamped length are evaluated under sinusoidal vibration excitation,proving the good consistency between experimental results and theoretical prediction.The established analysis can provide useful guidelines for the structure design of cantilevered piezoelectric energy harvester with a fixed resonance frequency.     

超声波电动机定子振动能量回收转换特性

为了向密封、恶劣等极端环境中工作的微型机器人提供驱动力矩和电能,根据行波型超声波电机定子孤极频率反馈跟踪原理,研制能量回馈型超声波电机.与传统超声波电机相比,该电机不仅具有驱动功能,还具有将定子振动能量回收并转换成电能的功能.根据能量回馈型超声波电机驱动原理改进了超声波电动机压电陶瓷的极化分区模式,将超声波电机定子压电陶瓷极化分成3个区,即：激振区、能量采集区和传感区（孤极）.利用定子能量采集区压电陶瓷的正压电效应采集回收超声波电动机定子的机械振动能量.根据铁摩辛柯梁理论和压电本构方程建立超声波电动机定子振动能量采集回收的理论分析模型,研究能量采集区压电陶瓷负载阻抗的匹配问题.利用该模型仿真分析了电机激励频率、激振电压、外接负载电阻等对能量采集区压电陶瓷输出电压、输出电流和输出功率的影响规律,通过实验验证了仿真结果的正确性.     

A cubic triboelectric generator as a self-powered orientation sensor

Recently, triboelectric generator(TEG) has attracted a lot of attention due to its high output voltage and low-cost fabrication process. Here, a novel cubic TEG box is designed, which has separated electrodes on different surfaces. Thanks to the specially designed structure, it can scavenge vibration energy from all directions. Firstly the device is investigated through finite element method(FEM) simulation. Then the device is evaluated by experiments. The measuremental results show that this device can generate an amount of 25 n C charge during once shake by charging a 10 n F capacitor. Besides, an output voltage about 100 V is obtained, which is able to directly light up several light-emitting diodes(LEDs) simultaneously. At last, the device is utilized as a self-powered orientation sensor, which shows explicit directivity. This work extends the applications of TEG for ambient vibration energy harvesting techniques and the self-powered orientation sensor.     

Electromechanical coupling properties of a self-powered vibration sensing device for near-surface observation tower monitoring

The wind-induced vibration of a remote sensing tower is the key factor affecting the stability of image sensing and structural reliability. Monitoring the vibration of a long-time unattended tower is critical to its proper operation. Currently, most monitoring devices are supplied with wired power or battery, significantly limiting their practical applications in remote areas. In this paper, a self-powered vibration sensing device based on hybrid electromechanical conversion mechanisms is proposed. The device depends on a cylindrical magnetic levitation structure sensitive to ambient vibration for transferring mechanical energy and takes as a dual-functional heterogeneous integrated system comprising electromagnetic, piezoelectric, and triboelectric generators. When the device vibrates under environmental force driving, the suspension magnet reciprocates vertically and generates induced electromagnetic energy, which is used to power the device. Moreover, the triboelectric and piezoelectric voltages, respectively originating from magnet impact on two separation friction materials and magnetic field repulsion-induced strain deformation of a piezoelectric sheet, are used as the synergistic sensing signals. To improve the output energy, a set of dual-segmented annular coils is designed in an electromagnetic generator, which greatly avoids the obstructive effect of the suspended magnet on the magnetic flux change at its end. Compared with a whole isochoric coil, it increases the output voltage by 78.3%. For the triboelectric sensing module, a silicone film with a large specific surface area is fabricated via 3D modification, which improves the output voltage by 29.4%. Furthermore, a pair of piezoelectric sensing modules is set to improve the accuracy of comparative sensing data. The experimental measurement shows that the device maintains a high sensitivity of 6.711 V (m s^?2)^?1 and excellent linearity of 0.991 in the range of 0–14 m s^?2. This work provides a practical strategy for the vibration monitoring of remote sensing tower and exhibits attractive potential in early warning and data analysis.

     

Modeling and Analysis of a Random Excited Double-Clamped Piezoelectric Energy Harvester

A double-clamped piezoelectric energy harvester subjected to random excitation is presented, for which corresponding analytical model is established to predict its output characteristics. With the presented theoretical natural frequency and equivalent stiffness of vibrator, the closed-form expressions of mean power and voltage acquired from the double-clamped piezoelectric energy harvester under random excitation are derived. Finally theoretical analysis is conducted for the output performance of the double-clamped energy harvester with the change of spectrum density (SD) of acceleration, load resistance, piezoelectric coefficient and natural frequency value, which is found to closely agree with Monte Carlo simulation and experimental results.     

基于磁悬浮结构的人体动能采集技术

设计基于磁悬浮结构的电磁能量采集装置,该装置可佩戴于使用者的腕部、肘部和脚踝处,收集人体运动过程中产生的动能. 概述现有的可用于振动能量采集的多种能量采集技术,利用惯性传感器对实验者运动时的关节加速度及角速度进行测量,对磁悬浮结构的非线性能量采集工作原理进行理论分析. 运用有限元工具对振动时结构周边的磁场分布和磁力线变化进行仿真研究,并通过振动实验平台验证装置的共振频率和电压输出范围. 当使用者佩戴该装置进行测试时,装置输出的电压及功率随运动速度的增加而增加,在8 km/h的运动条件下,腕部、肘部和踝部所能俘获的最大瞬时功率分别为0.60、0.30、0.58 mW. 实验结果表明,基于磁悬浮互斥结构的电磁能量采集装置能有效采集人体动能,并为可穿戴传感器等低功耗设备供能.     

用于相变存储器的超低输出纹波电荷泵

针对相变存储器编程操作对电荷泵低输出纹波与高瞬态响应速度的要求,提出了一种超低输出电压纹波的开关电容型电荷泵。相比于传统开关电容型电荷泵,在充电阶段,由电压比较器控制泵电容充电时间,泵电容被充电至预先设定的电压值Vo-Vin后停止充电,其中Vo为预期输出电压,Vin为输入电源电压;放电阶段,泵电容串联在输入电源Vin与电荷泵输出端,泵电容上极板电压自然地被提升至Vo并向外部负载输出电流。通过该方法固定电荷泵输出电压,可有效地消除由于电容间电荷分享所造成的输出纹波,并兼顾了高瞬态响应速度。使用中芯国际0.18μm标准CMOS工艺模型进行仿真验证,结果表明新结构的电荷泵在输入电压为2.2~4.8V间,输出5V电压,10mA负载电流,输出纹波低于3mV,电源效率最高可达88%.