磁场作用下磁流变液剪切性能的实验分析

本文研究了磁流变液的力学性能,制备了羰基铁粉体积分数为20%的硅油基磁流变液,观察了磁流变液在磁场作用下的微观变化,测试了磁流变液的剪切性能。实验表明,无磁场作用下,磁流变液为牛顿流体;在磁场作用下,随着剪切速率的增加,剪切应力趋于稳定,表观粘度呈现指数式下降,磁流变液具有剪切稀化效应,符合广义Bingham模型。磁流变液剪切应力和外加电流的依赖关系为:在电流较小时,剪切应力表现为指数增长,指数值约为1.5;随着外加电流的增大,剪切应力表现为线性增长,最终达到稳定值。     

磁流变液的配制及其流变模型的研究

实验研究了磁流变液的改性配制工艺,并配制出了与美国商品化磁流变液性能相当的试样.其次,实测了磁流变液的剪切速率与剪切应力的关系,并分别用Bingham模型和Herschel-Bulkley模型对磁流变液的流变本构关系进行最小二乘拟合,研究表明后者可以较好地拟合MR液屈服后区的非线性特征.最后,通过阻尼器性能试验研究,进一步验证了磁流变液的本构关系更接近于Herschel-Bulkley体而非Bingham体.     

胶原纤维溶胀液的流变特性研究

采用酸酶法制备牛肌腱胶原纤维,采用旋转粘度仪研究了不同浓度胶原纤维溶胀液的流变性能,并采用幂律方程对流变性能数据进行非线性回归拟合,得到胶原纤维在不同温度下的流变模型。研究结果表明,在实验范围内,浓度分别为0.5%,1.0%和1.5%的胶原纤维溶胀液的剪切应力均随着剪切速率与胶原纤维含量的增加而增大;随着温度的升高,胶原纤维溶胀液的表观粘度呈下降趋势,当体系温度达到36℃时,胶原纤维溶胀液的表观粘度下降急剧,胶原纤维发生热变性;胶原纤维溶胀液流体出现"剪切稀化"现象,表现出假塑性流体的特征,流变模型的拟合相关系数r2≥0.991,说明幂律模型能有效地表征胶原纤维溶胀液的流变性能。胶原纤维溶胀液的流变学特性研究为天然胶原纤维的进一步开发及利用提供了理论和实验依据。     

温度对磁流变液材料及传力性能的影响

针对不同温度下磁流变液的性能差异巨大,造成高温环境条件下磁流变液流变效应下降、剪切力变化不可控甚至传动装置传动失效等问题,分析了温度对磁流变液及其剪切应力的影响,在此基础上建立了磁流变传动装置的有限元模型对传动装置工作时的温度场进行分析。研究结果表明,温度对磁流变液的黏度有较大影响,进而影响磁流变液的流变特性和屈服应力;温度对磁流变液的力学性能影响明显,特别是在温度高于100℃后,材料在磁场下的成链受到显著影响,造成流变效应下降、剪切力变化不可控等问题;磁流变液工作时磁性颗粒间的滑差会造成磁流变液温度的显著升高。     

磁流变胶泥材料的磁控力学行为实验研究

采用主要成分为高粘度线性聚硅氧烷的弹性胶泥为基体,制备了羰基铁粉质量分数为20%,40%和60%的磁流变胶泥。对磁流变胶泥的流变学特性和动态力学特性进行测试,描述了磁流变胶泥的本构关系并识别其参数,分析了磁场、铁粉含量、剪切应变以及剪切频率对粘弹性能的影响。结果表明,磁流变胶泥的本构关系能用Herschel-Bulkley模型进行描述;剪切应力、刚度的磁场可控范围宽(铁粉质量分数为60%的磁流变胶泥剪切应力调节范围16~128kPa,储能模量可调范围0.52~3.28 MPa);随铁粉含量和磁场的增加,剪切应力增大、弹性增加而粘性减小;不同磁场下磁流变胶泥从线性粘弹性区向非线性粘弹性区转变的临界应变值不同,且磁场增大可拓宽线性粘弹性区的范围;在线性粘弹性区磁流变胶泥对0~80Hz频率无依赖性。     

酸改性对大豆基胶粘剂流变性能的影响

研究酸改性对大豆基胶粘剂流变性能的影响。拟合了不同HCl添加量下剪切应力(τ)与剪切速率(γ)的关系曲线,并利用仪器分析其流变性能影响机理。结果表明,HCl改性后胶液黏度最大。HCl添加量为2~4 g时,剪切应力与剪切速率呈负相关关系;添加量为6~10 g时,呈正相关关系,HCl改性后大豆基胶粘剂为假塑性流体。随着HCl添加量增加,反应时间延长,胶液黏度先减小后逐渐增大;反应温度上升,黏度逐渐提高。经过HCl处理后的胶液粘弹性增强;粒径大小分布明显变窄,体积平均粒径变小。差示扫描量热分析、微观形貌分析表明经过HCl处理后,蛋白分子展开。     

磁流变夹层简支梁的有限元分析

智能材料——磁流变液(MRF)的流变特性如粘性、剪切弹性模量等随外加磁场可迅速、可逆变化,MRF可用于复合智能夹层梁板结构。建立了MRF简支夹层梁有限元模型,分别形成每层的单元矩阵,推导了MRF夹层梁的动力学方程,研究了上下面板为铝板条的MRF夹层梁的振动特性,进行了实验验证,计算与实验结果吻合较好:随着外加磁场强度的增加,梁的固有频率和损耗因子均增大,说明磁流变液在外加磁场作用下对夹层梁有显著的抑振作用。     

磁流变液的特性研究

对以金属铁颗粒为主体的磁流变液的一般特性进行了研究。详细研究了材料的颗粒大小、形状、比例以及温度等对磁流变液特性的影响。研究了流体的屈服应力与磁场关系,剪切应力与磁场以及剪切速率的关系。实验发现,磁流变液出现磁饱和现象不仅与材料特性有关,而且与配比比例有关;剪切应力不仅与材料的颗粒大小有关,还与材料的制备工艺有关。     

超细Co-Ni合金复合磁流变液的制备及流变性质研究

利用多元醇软化学方法制备了Co-Ni超细颗粒,将Co-Ni磁性颗粒与微孔材料通过粘结剂混合研磨,制得复合磁性颗粒,为了克服磁流变液的沉降稳定性,令复合磁性颗粒的密度等于载液的密度,各组分按此比例制备的MRF具有较好的稳定性。利用旋转粘度计测试表明,无外场时,磁流变液的剪切应力τ随剪切速率γ变化的本构关系为：τ＝11．4γ^0.7,为一非牛顿液体。探讨了剪切应力和表观粘度系数随外加磁场的变化关系,表明研制的MRF的流变性质具有较高的低磁场敏感性质。     

球磨法制备磁流变液过程中转速对其性能的影响

以羰基铁粉为分散相,以硅油为连续相,采用高速球磨分散的方法制备磁流变液,考察了磁流变液制备过程中转速对其粘度、沉降稳定性、流变性能的影响。研究发现,球磨机的转速对磁流变液的粘度和沉降稳定性影响很大。随着球磨机转速的不断提高,其粘度呈现出先减小后增大的趋势,当转速为300r/min时,所获的零场粘度最低。其沉降稳定性与粘度有很好的对应关系,即粘度大的沉降速率慢,粘度小的则沉降速率快,在转速为400r/min,所获得的沉降稳定性最好,同时获得的剪切应力也最高。因此,在磁流变液组成成分不变的情况下,制备磁流变液的过程中可以通过改变球磨机的转速来改变磁流变液的零场粘度、沉降稳定性和流变性能。     

Rheological Characterization of MR Polishing Fluid Used for Silicon Polishing in BEMRF Process

The finishing mechanism of the ball-end magnetorheological finishing (BEMRF) process mainly depends on the stiffened hemispheroid, which is formed at the tool tip. Magnetorheological (MR) polishing fluid imparts strength to the polishing spot because of the effect of magnetic field strength. Behavior of this polishing fluid mainly depends on the size and shape of its constituents, volume concentration, particle size distribution, and applied magnetic field strength. A detailed study was undertaken on the role of carbonyl iron particle (CIP) size on the rheological behavior of the MR polishing fluid under various magnetic flux densities. Evaluation of the behavior of MR polishing fluid for silicon polishing was attempted through designing and fabrication of a parallel-plate magnetorheometer. Rheological characterization study was carried out using the Casson fluid model and the MR polishing fluid rheological properties, namely field-induced yield stress and shear viscosity were evaluated.     

单一粒径与两种粒径羰基铁粉磁流变液特性的实验比较研究

通过控制球磨时间,用球磨机球磨出不同粒径的羰基铁粉,制得单一粒径磁流变液8组和两种粒径磁流变液6组。采用旋转流变仪对磁流变液的零场粘度和剪切强度进行了测试。结果表明,在相同磁场强度下,两种粒径磁流变液的剪切强度比单一粒径磁流变液的有明显提升,提升效果与颗粒的成份密切相关,且其零场粘度和沉降稳定性与单一粒径的差别很小。     

Extension of the Reiner–Riwlin equation to determine modified Bingham parameters measured in coaxial cylinders rheometers

The determination of the exact rheological properties, in fundamental units, of cementitious materials has become gradually a necessary step in the domain of concrete science. Several types of rheometers and their corresponding transformation equations are described in the literature. In this paper, the Reiner–Riwlin transformation equation, valid for coaxial cylinders rheometers, is developed for the modified Bingham model, which is an extension of the Bingham model with a second order term in the shear rate. The established transformation is shown to be compatible with the Reiner–Riwlin equation for the Bingham and Herschel–Bulkley models. Its validation is further proven by means of numerical simulations applied on experimental data. The yield stress values for the three rheological models (applied on the same experimental data) are compared with the yield stress calculated by means of slump flow values. Results showed that the modified Bingham model results in the most stable yield stress values, which are independent of the non-linear behaviour.     

平板Couette流场中聚合物流变性质及分子构象的数值模拟

通过耦合Brown构形场的有限体积法,对基于FENE(Finite Extension Non-linear Elastic)殊一簧链分子模型的平板Couette流动进行了模拟.不但得到了流动过程中的速度、应力等宏观信息,还得到了分子链的位形、分子链的取向角以及拉伸量等微观信息.另外,还研究了弹簧的最大拉伸长度b和we...     

磁流变液的流体动力学理论

在外加磁场作用下,磁流变液从牛顿流体变成了Bingham体,超过屈服应力开始流动,其的流变性(弹性、塑性、粘性)、磁化性、导电性、传热性以及其它的机械性质和物理学性质皆发生显著的改变.研究磁流变液在外加磁场作用下,流场分布规律随磁场强度变化的动态特性,建立磁流变液的流体动力学理论,对开发和设计磁流变器械至关重要.本文运用物理学和流体力学的基本理论,结合本构方程,考虑磁场对磁流变液的流动的影响,建立了磁流变液力磁耦合的流体动力学模型,给出了描述磁流变液流动的基本方程组.     

Applicability of rheological models to high-performance grouts containing supplementary cementitious materials and viscosity enhancing admixture

The knowledge of yield stress and plastic viscosity of cement-based materials is of special interest in various applications, including consolidation grouting, post-tensioning systems, and for numerical simulations. These rheological parameters are generally estimated from the shear stress-shear rate data using an empirical model. Highly pseudoplastic systems may not be adequately modeled using flow models typically used for conventional grouts. This paper summarizes the results of a study undertaken to evaluate the applicability of a number of analytical models to fit experimental data obtained on cement grout. In total, 44 grouts containing silica fume replacements of 1.5%, 3%, and 5% by mass of cementitious materials, blast furnace slag substitutions of 20% and 40%, and various combinations of high-range water-reducer and viscosity-enhancing admixture were evaluated. All mixtures were prepared with 0.40 water-cementitious material ratio.Test results highlight the difficulties encountered when using conventional models to fit flow data of highly pseudoplastic mixtures of low yield stress. This is true for mixtures incorporating a viscosity-enhancing admixture, especially when combined with low dosage of high-range water-reducer. In general, the Herschel-Bulkley, Robertson, De Kee, and Casson models were found to be adequate for use with highly pseudoplastic grouts. A new model is proposed to provide better fitting of rheological profiles of highly flowable, yet stable, pseudoplastic mixtures that exhibit particularly low yield stress values.     

全同聚1-丁烯/低密度聚乙烯共混体系的流变性能

采用双毛细管流变仪研究了全同聚1-丁烯/低密度聚乙烯(iPB/LDPE)共混体系的流变性能。结果表明,随着iPB用量的增加,共混熔体的剪切黏度呈先下降后上升的趋势;iPB/LDPE共混熔体在剪切速率为100 s-1~1000 s-1时,为假塑性流体,且随着iPB含量增加和温度升高,其非牛顿性增大;共混体系的表观黏度随剪切速率和剪切应力的增大、温度的升高而减小;粘流活化能随剪切速率的增大呈逐渐减小的趋势。