An experimental investigation on frictional behavior of statically loaded micro-grooved journal bearing

Performances of plain and micro-grooved engine journal bearings were investigated in this study. Numerous experiments were performed under different static loads by using the purpose-built journal bearing test rig. Micro-grooves were made by cutting micro-channels both around and across the engine journal bearing surfaces. Stribeck curves for the micro-grooved and the plain journal bearings were then experimentally and theoretically generated while frictional torque versus angular velocity curves were also plotted. The results showed that the highest value of coefficient of friction as well as the frictional torque was obtained on the transversal micro-grooved journal bearings.     

An experimental investigation on frictional behavior of statically loaded micro-grooved journal bearing

Performances of plain and micro-grooved engine journal bearings were investigated in this study. Numerous experiments were performed under different static loads by using the purpose-built journal bearing test rig. Micro-grooves were made by cutting micro-channels both around and across the engine journal bearing surfaces. Stribeck curves for the micro-grooved and the plain journal bearings were then experimentally and theoretically generated while frictional torque versus angular velocity curves were also plotted. The results showed that the highest value of coefficient of friction as well as the frictional torque was obtained on the transversal micro-grooved journal bearings.     

Effect of geometrical parameters in micro-grooved crosshatch pattern under lubricated sliding friction

Tribological test was carried out using a pin-on-disc geometry with textured SKD11 pin on bearing steel disc, under sliding in paraffin oil. Micro-grooved crosshatch pattern has been fabricated with various angles and widths. The effects of geometrical parameters on friction were mainly examined in mixed and elastohydrodynamic lubrication. The results show that friction control can be achieved by fabricating the micro-grooved crosshatch pattern on a contact surface. It is observed that each geometrical parameter of texture influence on friction, especially decrease of groove aspect ratio and increases of groove sliding length show friction reduction performance. Crucial parameter G_l was proposed for micro-grooved crosshatch texture. The friction mechanism is explained by micro fluid flow with limited theoretical approach.     

基于Reynolds边界有限宽径向轴承实用计算方法

提出了一种基于Reynolds边界有限宽径向轴承的实用计算方法。该方法是将Fuller用电模拟方法得到的离散性端泄系数首次用函数表示,并采用无限宽径向轴承按Reynolds边界条件得到的解析解答。在此基础上建立了有限宽轴承承载量系数公式,它避开了文献中轴承承载量系数的数值计困难。结果表明:利用本文中已建立了轴承承载量系数公式及文献中摩擦因数的公式,能更方便得到有限宽轴承摩擦因数的变化规律性;本文的求解方法、求解过程简单、方便并且具有实用精度;计算得到的端泄系数、承载量系数及摩擦因数与相应文献报道的结果十分逼近。     

表面织构排布方式对径向滑动轴承摩擦性能的影响

基于Navier-Stokes方程,建立表面织构化滑动轴承数值分析模型,采用压力耦合方程的改进半隐式(SIMPLEC)算法进行求解,分析表面织构排布和形状对滑动轴承摩擦性能的影响。结果表明：在收敛楔入口排布十字形织构时可以显著提高承载能力;在收敛楔中部周向排布沟槽和短沟槽织构比轴向排布更能显著改善轴承摩擦性能,且排布倒椭圆、菱形和十字纹理可以更明显地改善滑动轴承的摩擦性能;在收敛楔出口排布织构不能改善滑动轴承的摩擦性能,而在发散楔只有三角形织构可以改善轴承的摩擦性能。设计5种新型复合织构排布方式,分析其对轴承摩擦性能的提升效果。结果发现：复合型织构比单一类型织构更有利于提高轴承摩擦性能,其中在收敛楔入口布置十字形织构,收敛楔中部分别布置周向沟槽、短沟槽和十字形织构,发散楔布置三角形织构的3种复合型织构设计轴承性能提升效果显著,使承载力分别提高了15.69%、15.66%和17.16%,摩擦因数降低了3.75%、4.17%和2.92%。     

尺寸误差对转子系统摩擦功率的影响

针对滑动轴承转子系统存在的尺寸误差,建立了非线性油膜力模型,着重研究了滑动轴承与轴颈直径误差及其交互作用对系统动力学特性、承载能力和稳定性的影响,并利用稳定性临界转速对应的偏心率,定量分析了偏心率对滑动轴承转子系统摩擦功率损失的影响。图形曲线分析表明,各种尺寸变化对系统会产生不同程度的影响,摩擦功率随着偏心率的增大而减小,当偏心率在0.6948附近时摩擦功率达到最小。研究结果为减小系统功耗、合理设计系统参数提供了可靠的依据。     

Experimental Investigation into Friction Performance of Dimples Journal Bearing with Phyllotactic Pattern

In this paper, we discuss the developments of a novel dimples journal bearing and the experimental results on friction performance. Based on the phyllotaxis theory of biology, the lubricating dimples were positioned in the internal circle surface of the journal bearing. The effects of phyllotactic pattern parameters on the distribution of these dimples were discussed in detail and simulated. A series of experimental results was presented to examine the effect of phyllotactic coefficients and dimple diameters on the friction characteristics. It was shown that the friction performance of journal bearings can be evidently improved under the proper tested parameters. Meanwhile, the friction coefficients, which are obtained in the dimples journal bearings with phyllotactic pattern and linear pattern, were presented to reveal their differences, and lower values of friction coefficients were achieved for the proposed dimples journal bearing under the tested radial load and rotational speed.     

A study of the lubricating effectiveness of micropolar fluids in a dynamically loaded journal bearing (T1516)

The lubricating effectiveness of micropolar fluids in a dynamically loaded journal bearing is studied. On the basis of the theory of micropolar fluids, the modified Reynolds equation for dynamic loads is derived. Results from the numerical analysis indicated that the effects of micropolar fluids on the performance of a dynamically loaded journal bearing depend on the size of material characteristic length and the coupling number. It is shown, compared with Newtonian lubricants, that under a dynamic loading the micropolar lubricants produce an obvious increase in the oil film pressure and oil film thickness, but a decrease in the side leakage flow. It is also shown that the friction coefficient for a dynamically loaded journal bearing with micropolar fluids is in general higher than that of Newtonian fluids, which is not the same as the results for a steadily loaded journal bearing. Furthermore, a parametric study of flow and friction for different mass parameters keeping micropolar parameters fixed is undertaken. It is indicated that, with the increase of the mass parameters, the crank angles corresponding to the maximum flow are changed and the maximum friction coefficients are obviously decreased either for the Newtonian fluids or for the micropolar fluids.     

不对中径向滑动轴承微凹槽织构数值分析

为研究凹槽位置、深度、倾斜角和面积率等因素对不对中径向滑动轴承摩擦学性能的影响,基于Reynolds方程建立滑动轴承的摩擦润滑数学模型,采用有限差分法迭代求解不同凹槽微织构参数影响下的油膜压力,计算不同织构参数下轴承的承载力、摩擦力和端泄流量等。计算结果表明:凹槽微织构分布在升压区且轴向占比约50%时轴承承载力较高;相比于光滑轴承,微织构轴承的摩擦力更低,且凹槽的轴向占比和深度越大摩擦力越小;微织构对轴承的承载力具有削弱和增强的双重可能,存在最优的凹槽周向和轴向占比、深度和倾斜角使得轴承在较小摩擦力下具有更高的承载力;凹槽微织构的面积率与轴承承载力和摩擦力呈线性相关;轴承的不对中程度越小时,在光滑轴瓦表面加工合适参数的微织构时越有利于提高轴承的摩擦学性能。     

Wear and friction of synthetic esters in a boundary lubricated journal bearing

This study concerns the case of a slow intermittent motion, conformal contact, high load bronze journal bearing against a hardened steel shaft lubricated in an oil bath at a temperature about of 13 °C. Three synthetic esters were used: one pure and two formulated ones. Worn surfaces were examined using SEM-EDS to determine the wear mechanism. The tested lubricants were examined using ICP-AES to identify the elements present.The results show the wear rate, friction and temperature in the subsurface of the journal bearing material. An initial bronze–steel contact develops into a copper–copper contact along the sliding distance. Wear element concentration in the oil and friction surfaces departs from the elementary concentration in the journal bearing bronze base material. The copper layer thickness depended on additives in the synthetic esters, load and wear rate.     

Dynamic analysis of planar mechanical systems with clearance joints using a new nonlinear contact force model

We investigated the dynamic behavior of planar mechanical systems with clearance joints. First, the contact effect in clearance joint was studied using a new nonlinear contact force model, and the rationality of this model was verified by the results of numerical simulations, which are based on a journal and bearing contact model. Then, the dynamic characteristics of a planar slider-crank mechanism with clearance were analyzed based on the new nonlinear contact force model, and the friction effect of clearance joint was also considered using modified Coulomb friction model. Finally, the numerical results of the influence of clearance size on the acceleration of slider are presented, and compared with the published experimental results. The numerical and experimental results show that the new nonlinear contact force model presented in this paper is an effective method to predict the dynamic behavior of planar mechanical system with clearance joints, and appears to be suitable for a wide range of impact situations, especially with low coefficient of restitution.     

考虑不同加速工况的滑动轴承的启停性能分析*

滑动轴承的摩擦磨损主要发生在启停阶段。为了研究启停工况下的滑动轴承的摩擦学性能,建立一种面向径向滑动轴承的混合润滑数值分析模型。采用质量守恒边界条件的雷诺方程求解流体压力,采用Greenwood和Tripp接触模型预测固体表面接触,而通过Johnson载荷分配概念将润滑模型和接触模型联系起来,从而实现对滑动轴承在启停工况下从混合润滑过渡到动压润滑的摩擦学行为分析。利用该模型,研究轴承系统在启停阶段从边界润滑、混合润滑到动压润滑演化过程中的摩擦学性能;以径向滑动轴承系统为例,结合不同的轴承转速变化函数,分析轴承加速对轴承启停性能的影响;同时研究工作工况、润滑油温度、轴承的结构参数对轴承启停性能的影响。结果表明：轴承启动加速度在合理范围内越大越好,能使轴承更快进入动压润滑;较高的转速、较低的润滑油温度和较大的径向轴承间隙能使轴承拥有更好的启停性能。     

轴承结构参数对曲轴主轴承润滑性能的影响

针对曲轴主轴承润滑性能的影响因素研究,建立考虑轴颈直径、轴承宽径比和轴承间隙3种轴承结构参数的曲轴主轴承热弹性流体动力润滑模型,分析不同轴承结构参数下的主轴承最大油膜压力、最小油膜厚度、最高轴承温度和最大摩擦功率损失。计算结果表明：轴承结构参数对主轴承润滑性能有很大影响;当轴颈直径和轴承宽径比变大时,主轴承最大油膜压力会出现减小的情况,最小油膜厚度变大、最高轴承温度升高和摩擦功率损失增加;内燃机主轴承的轴承间隙会随着轴颈直径和轴承宽径比的不同而有不同影响,且轴承间隙对主轴承最高温度和最大摩擦功率损失的影响较为显著。     

油水混合对径向滑动轴承润滑性能的影响

基于流体动压润滑基础理论,利用数值计算方法,在MATLAB软件中建立径向滑动轴承油水混合动压润滑的数学模型,对比分析润滑油中不同含水量对径向滑动轴承润滑性能的影响。结果表明:润滑油中混入少量的水对滑动轴承液膜的厚度和压力产生了一定的影响,最小液膜厚度随含水量的增加而减小,最大液膜压力随含水量的增加而增加;润滑油中混入少量水使得液膜合力和摩擦力变大,将不利于轴承的动压润滑,从而导致轴承润滑性能变差,并且加大轴承的摩擦磨损,降低径向滑动轴承的使用寿命。     

The Use of D-optimal Design for Modeling and Analyzing the Tribological Characteristics of Journal Bearing Materials Lubricated by Nano-Based Biolubricants

Response surface methodology (RSM) based on a D-optimal design was employed to investigate the tribological characteristics of journal bearing materials such as brass, bronze, and copper lubricated by a biolubricant, chemically modified rapeseed oil (CMRO). The wear and friction performance were observed for the bearing materials tested with TiO₂, WS₂, and CuO nanoadditives dispersed in the CMRO. The tests were performed by selecting sliding speed and load as numerical factors and nano-based biolubricant/bearing materials as the categorical factor to evaluate the tribological characteristics such as the coefficient of friction (COF) and specific wear rate. The results showed that RSM based on a D-optimal design was instrumental in the selection of suitable journal bearing materials for a typical system, especially one lubricated by nano-based biolubricant. At a sliding speed of 2.0 m/s and load of 100 N, the bronze bearing material with CMRO containing CuO nanoparticles had the lowest COF and wear rate. In addition, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examination of the worn bearing surfaces showed that the bronze bearing material lubricated with CMRO containing CuO nanoadditive is smoother than copper/brass bearing material.     

计入轴变形导致轴颈倾斜的径向滑动轴承流体动力润滑分析

分析讨论了轴 轴承摩擦副系统中,当轴受载变形导致轴颈倾斜时,径向滑动轴承的流体动力润滑特性。推 导了轴颈倾斜时的轴承油膜厚度表达式,计算了不同轴载荷情况下,轴承油膜压力、端泄流量和轴颈摩擦系数。计 算结果表明,轴颈倾斜时,轴承油膜压力分布、最大油膜压力、油膜厚度分布和最小油膜厚度等都有明显的变化。因 此,进行计入轴变形导致轴颈倾斜的径向滑动轴承润滑分析研究是非常必要的。     

煤矿提升机滑动轴承的磨损失效分析

运用油液分析和铁谱分析技术手段,探讨了煤矿提升机滑动轴承的磨损失效机制,分析了巴氏合金摩擦聚合物的成因、结构与形貌特征;讨论了提升机滑动轴承的润滑方式和润滑油的选择.滑动轴承巴氏合金轴承衬偶合副磨损失效的主要形式是粘着磨损,巴氏合金轴承衬产生的磨屑是以巴氏合金为载体和粘和剂的多种材料成分的微粒共存的聚合物,在对提升机滑动轴承进行润滑磨损状态监测时,要同时分析巴氏合金摩擦聚合物的尺寸及其在润滑油中的含量.     

磁流体润滑滑动轴承的研制和性能研究

研制了磁流体润滑滑动轴承 ,建立了磁流体滑动轴承试验装置。对磁流体滑动轴承和传统滑动轴承进行了对比试验研究。通过大量试验的测试结果分析比较 ,发现磁流体滑动轴承能形成良好的全油膜润滑 ,产生的摩擦力比传统滑动轴承要小得多 ,因此推断出磁流体滑动轴承的承载能力和抗磨损能力大于同等条件下的传统滑动轴承。     

Boundary slip surface design for high speed water lubricated journal bearings

This paper presents the development of a numerical model for high speed and water lubricated journal bearings with different boundary slip arrangements. The effect of boundary slip and its possible mechanism are analyzed and discussed. The results suggest that a suitable combination of slip/no-slip surfaces on the sleeve of a journal bearing enables improvement of the tribological performance through (i) suppressing the occurrence of cavitation, (ii) enhancing the load bearing capacity, and (iii) reducing the interfacial friction between bearing sleeve and shaft. Such improvement becomes more significant for the bearings with smaller eccentricity ratio, smaller width and larger diameter.     

舰船尾轴承变形对其阻尼特性的影响研究

舰船推进轴系受多个载荷的作用，导致船体、螺旋桨轴和尾轴承发生变形，并在尾轴承中心线与螺旋桨轴颈中心线之间形成一个变形角。研究了变形夹角对轴承油膜动态阻尼参数的影响关系，用数值计算的方法计算得到了轴承油膜阻尼参数与变形角之间的变化关系。结果表明：轴承中线与轴颈轴线之间的变形夹角对轴承润滑阻尼参数的影响关系为强的非线性关系；变形角对轴承阻尼特性影响较大，随着变形角的增大，油膜阻尼Dxx和Dyy会增大，而阻尼Dyz和Dxy会减小；轴颈中线与轴承中线之间夹角对油膜阻尼参数的影响局限在一定的弯曲变形范围内，当变形继续增大时，螺旋桨轴与尾轴承发生刚性接触，此时轴与轴承的刚性接触摩擦作用增大，阻尼作用急剧改变。