Differences in coagulation in clotting of vascular access in hemodialysis patients

Arteriovenous graft (AVG) thrombosis is a frequent cause of graft failure. We evaluated coagulation protein concentrations, platelet function, and viscoelasticity factors in 20 hemodialysis (HD) patients with AVGs. The goal was to determine whether significant differences in protein concentrations, platelet function, and viscoelasticity factors exist among dialysis patients requiring frequent AVG declot procedures vs. those who do not. Twenty HD patients were enrolled: 10 frequent clotters (>3 declots in the previous year) and 10 were nonclotters. Patients on antiplatelets or chronic anticoagulation were excluded. Laboratories were drawn pretreatment and heparinase was added to counteract any potential heparin effect. Coagulation protein concentrations including tissue factor (TF), thrombin/antithrombin III complex (TAT), and prothrombin fragment 1 + 2 (F₁₊₂) were assayed. The time to clot onset was measured by force onset time (FOT). Platelet contractile force (PCF) measured the force produced by platelets during clot retraction, whereas clot rigidity was measured as clot elastic modulus (CEM). FOT, CEM, and PCF were measured by Hemodyne. Both groups had upregulation of the TF pathway, as TF, TAT, and F₁₊₂ levels were similarly increased over baseline levels. Hemodialysis patients with frequent AVG clotting had higher levels of both PCF and CEM compared with nonclotters. Additionally, the frequent clotters had a lower FOT relative to nonclotters, although both were considered in the normal range. Our study suggests that HD patients with recurrent AVG thrombotic events form clots with higher tensile strength compared with HD patients without recurrent graft thrombosis.     

Flow-Induced Instabilities in Pump-Turbines in China

The stability of pump-turbines is of great importance to the operation of pumped storage power (PSP) stations. Both hydraulic instabilities and operational instabilities have been reported in PSP stations in China. In order to provide a reference to the engineers and scientists working on pump-turbines, this paper summarizes the hydraulic instabilities and performance characteristics that promote the operational instabilities encountered in pump-turbine operations in China. Definitions, analytical methods, numerical and experimental studies, and main results are clarified. Precautions and countermeasures are also provided based on a literature review. The gaps between present studies and the need for engineering practice are pointed out.     

Trends in alcohol-impaired driving in Canada

While a general decreasing trend in the number of persons killed in a traffic crash involving a drinking driver has occurred in Canada since the 1980s, it is evident that much of this decrease occurred in the 1990s. Since 2002, less progress has been made as the number of persons killed in crashes involving drinking drivers remains high. To better understand the current situation, this paper describes trends in drinking and driving in Canada from 1998 to 2011 using multiple indicators based on data collected for the Traffic Injury Research Foundation's (TIRF) Road Safety Monitor (RSM), the National Opinion Poll on Drinking and Driving, and trends in alcohol-related crashes based on data collected for TIRF's national Fatality Database in Canada. There has been a continued and consistent decrease in the number of fatalities involving a drinking driver in Canada. This remains true when looking at the number of fatalities involving a drinking driver per 100,000 population and per 100,000 licensed drivers. This decreasing trend is also still apparent when considering the percentage of persons killed in a traffic crash in Canada involving a drinking driver although less pronounced. Data from the RSM further show that the percentage of those who reported driving after they thought they were over the legal limit has also declined. However, regardless of the apparent decreasing trend in drinking driving fatalities and behaviour, reductions have been relatively modest, and fatalities in crashes involving drivers who have consumed alcohol remain high at unacceptable levels.     

Gender differences in publication productivity in psychology in India

An analysis of gender differences in psychology in India provides quantitative and qualitative assessment of R&D output contributed by psychologists with the indication of the trend of growth, skewness, relatedness, co-authorship pattern of productivity.     

铁电陶瓷中电畴翻转研究进展

电畴为铁电陶瓷固有的独特微观组织特征之一,铁电陶瓷的许多性能均与其密切有关.综述了铁电陶瓷中的电畴结构,系统介绍了电场、机械作用引起的电畴翻转,概述了电畴翻转对铁电陶瓷断裂韧性的影响及其研究进展.     

Metrology in Chemistry in Germany

The system for Metrology in Chemistry in Germany is described. At the national standards level, a network of high-level chemistry institutes coordinated by the national metrology institute, PTB, provides the primary references for chemical measurements. A dissemination mechanism employs chemical calibration laboratories accredited within the framework of the German Calibration Service (DKD). They act as “multipliers” between the national standards level and the user level by providing the user with calibration means which are traceable to the SI via national standards. Traceability structures in clinical chemistry, electrochemistry, elemental analysis and gas analysis are described     

Standardization in the Cultural Heritage in China

China has begun its standardization process in the cultural heritage since 1960.The standards contributed a lot to the development of the heritage conservation practices. In this paper, the author summaries the existing condition of standardization in the cultural heritages and museums field in China, and presents Standards for the Classification of Collected Cultural Heritages. Also this paper points out the problems which exist in the standardization in the cultural heritage, and gives the advice to solve these problems.     

陶瓷超塑性的研究进展

本文综述了氧化锆及其复相陶瓷超塑性的研究现状，论述了陶瓷超塑性的变形机理，微观特征和断裂特性。同时，分析和对比了陶瓷超塑性与金属超塑性的特点。目前，对于正确理解超塑性陶瓷的变形机理，还需进行大量工作。     

离子液体中电沉积的研究进展

离子液体作为绿色溶剂和可设计性溶剂越来越受到重视.对电沉积来说,离子液体融合了高温熔盐和水溶液的优点.分别综述了AlCl3型离子液体、非AlCl3型离子液体和其他新型离子液体3类离子液体中电沉积的研究现状,在此基础上指出了目前尚存在的问题及今后的研究方向.采用离子液体进行电沉积能克服传统水溶液电沉积时存在的缺点,为电沉积领域找到了新的突破点,是一种很有应用前景的方法.     

高聚物银纹化的研究进展

结合最新的研究进展,对银纹引发、生长与断裂,银纹细观结构以及裂纹在银纹中的扩展等问题作了较全面的介绍和分析,对这一领域未来的研究方向和重点进行了展望。     

神经影像学技术在帕金森病中的应用进展

帕金森病作为常见的神经系统退行性疾病,早期诊治依然存在困难.近几年神经影像学飞速发展,神经影像学技术在帕金森病的诊断和治疗方面的研究成果层出不穷.本文通过挖掘帕金森病神经影像学相关领域的研究趋势和热点,对帕金森病神经影像学近几年的研究成果和临床应用进行阐述.     

Ecological compensation in spatial planning in Italy

Ecological compensation or biodiversity offsets are increasingly recognized as a key element for environmental sustainability; however, more attention has been paid so far to compensation applied at the project level rather than to spatial planning. Meanwhile, there is a growing acknowledgement that extensive environmental depletion is being caused by the cumulative effects of small developments allowed by spatial/land use plans. This paper aims to collect empirical evidence on the requirements for ecological compensation at a strategic level of decision-making – spatial planning – in Italy. Results indicate that spatial plans are increasingly introducing offset requirements for residual impacts of new urban developments; however, methodological and operational aspects are not sufficiently addressed and enforcement mechanisms appear weak. The lack of legal frameworks and of established methods appears to be the main element currently hindering biodiversity offset implementation at the planning level. It is suggested that, in the Italian context, a way to foster better implementation is the design of environmental stewardship schemes involving farmers, developers and planning authorities.     

Design in small manufacturing companies in Scotland

This paper gives the results of a survey of small manufacturing companies in Scotland with reference to their managers' understanding of and attitudes towards design; their control of the product design/development process; the communication of design objectives within the firm and forward planning for new product development. The survey revealed a generally positive attitude to design in the companies visited and the crucial role of both suppliers and customers in ensuring the success of the design activity.     

Developments in Imaging in Soft X-Ray Microscopy

The problems associated with imaging using soft X-rays are discussed. Possible solutions are considered for some of these problems.     

重庆某公司生产延期问题与研究

运用工业工程的原理和方法,发现了拆封工段生产延期问题,进一步分析发现拆封工段生产延期问题主要是由于作业计划混乱、组件发运遗漏、现场安装查找不便等问题引起的：找出了造成这些问题的根本原因,提出了具体的解决方案和措施,提出了加强生产准备工作的重要性,详细说明了生产准备工作的具体内容,完善了现有的作业计划,提出了避免组件发运遗漏的改进措施,提出了用识别色进行查找的新方法,解决了生产延期问题,缩短了拆封、安装周期,提高了效率和效益。     

纳米粒子在润滑材料中的应用进展

介绍了纳米润滑粒子的制备方法,探讨了纳米粒子的润滑机理,包括膜作用机理、类滚珠作用机理和表面优化作用机理.着重综述了纳米粒子在润滑材料中的应用,具体包括:纳米无机粒子可作为添加剂在润滑油、聚合物基复合材料中起抗磨、减摩作用;纳米粒子应用于非聚合物基复合涂层,可形成一种根据环境自我调节的活泼纳米复合涂层,此涂层具有广泛的应用前景.     

金属间合物超塑性的研究进展

金属间化合物超塑性是近十几年开展的研究课题。超塑性加工技术是解决金属间化合物加工成型难题最可行的方法之一。综述了金属间化合物及其合金的超塑性研究进展,并着重介绍了热点研究的铝化物的情况。     

Natural radioactivity in drinking water in private wells in Finland

Natural radioactivity in drinking water was determined in population-based random study of 472 private wells. The mean concentrations of (222)Rn, (226)Ra, (234)U, (238)U, (210)Pb and (210)Po in drilled wells were 460, 0.05, 0.35, 0.26, 0.04 and 0.05 Bq l(-1), and in wells dug in the soil were 50, 0.016, 0.02, 0.015, 0.013 and 0.007 Bq l(-1), respectively. Approximately 10% of the drilled wells exceeded a radon concentration of 1000 Bq l(-1) and 18% a uranium concentration of 15 microg l(-1). The mean annual effective dose from natural radionuclides for a drilled well user was 0.4 mSv and 0.05 mSv for a user of a well dug in the soil. The effective dose arising from (222)Rn was 75% of the total of all natural radionuclides for drilled well users. As regards long-lived radionuclides, (210)Po and (210)Pb caused the largest portion of the effective dose. The dose arising from (238)U, (234)U and (226)Ra was only 8% of the total of all natural radionuclides.