Ni-P/Ni-Zn-P双层复合镀层制备及耐蚀性的研究

目的提高金属材料在海洋环境下的耐蚀性。方法采用化学镀方法在Q235碳钢表面施镀Ni-Zn-P合金镀层和Ni-P/Ni-Zn-P双层复合镀层,采用扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱分析仪(EDS)对镀层表面形貌和断面成分进行了分析。结果 Ni-P/Ni-Zn-P双层复合镀层相对于Ni-Zn-P合金镀层胞状组织更加均匀平滑,胞与胞的边界结合更加连续致密。Ni-Zn-P合金镀层断面厚度为6.5μm左右,锌和磷的质量分数分别约为4%和14%。Ni-P/Ni-Zn-P双层复合镀层断面总厚度约7.5μm,内层镀层的厚度约2.3μm,磷的质量分数约为9%;外层镀层厚度约5.2μm,锌和磷的质量分数分别约为5%和11%。在5%Na Cl溶液中腐蚀144 h后,Ni-Zn-P合金镀层遭到了严重的破坏,有许多裂纹,而Ni-P/Ni-Zn-P双层复合镀层仍然连续完整,没有严重的破损,只是局部腐蚀,这说明双层镀层更耐蚀。结论 Ni-P/Ni-Zn-P双层复合镀层腐蚀速率明显低于Ni-Zn-P合金镀层,相对于Ni-Zn-P合金镀层耐蚀性更好。     

pH值及温度对AZ31镁合金化学镀Ni-P合金性能的影响

采用电化学技术等试验方法,研究了镀液p H值及温度对AZ31镁合金化学镀Ni-P合金镀层的镀速、孔隙率、点滴腐蚀试验时间、腐蚀电位、腐蚀电流和交流阻抗的影响。结果表明,当镀液pH值为7时,AZ31镁合金化学镀Ni-P合金镀层的沉积速率最大,为8.48μm/h,显微硬度高(250 kgf/mm~2),孔隙率为0个/cm~2,Na Cl点滴腐蚀试验时间最长,为90 s,腐蚀电流密度小,为0.177 m A/cm~2,腐蚀电位最大,为-1.015 V。当镀液温度为75℃时,镀层的沉积速率大,耐蚀性能好。镀层包状物颗粒均匀、紧密、无缺陷。     

锡青铜化学镀 Ni-P 合金工艺及镀层性能

目的在锡青铜基体上化学镀Ni-P合金镀层,提高锡青铜的耐磨性和耐腐蚀性。方法以酸性含锌活化液活化锡青铜试样,在相同的条件下实施化学镀,并对镀态试样进行不同温度(250,400,500℃)下的热处理。对比基体、镀态试样和热处理试样的性能,研究热处理温度对锡青铜化学镀Ni-P合金层微观结构、显微硬度、耐磨性和耐腐蚀性的影响。结果锡青铜表面形成了Ni-P合金镀层,并且镀层无孔隙缺陷,与基体结合良好,沉积速率较快,为10.00μm/h。经热处理后,镀层的微观结构由非晶态向晶态转变,在500℃热处理的镀层显微硬度最大,耐磨性最好。镀态镀层和经250℃热处理的镀层在10%HNO3溶液和10%H2SO4溶液(10%均为体积分数)中的耐腐蚀性明显好于锡青铜基体,镀态镀层在两种介质溶液中的腐蚀速率分别为0.225,0.146 mg/(cm2·d)。结论采用酸性含锌活化液活化锡青铜基体,可以在锡青铜表面制备出化学镀Ni-P合金镀层,且镀覆效果较好。这表明紫铜化学镀Ni-P合金工艺同样适用于锡青铜。     

Ni-P/Ni-Zn-P三层复合镀层的制备与耐腐蚀性能研究

目的 制备具有不同电位差的多层阳极Ni-P/Ni-Zn-P复合镀层.方法 采用化学镀的方法,在Q235钢基体表面制备内层为低磷Ni-P合金、中层为高磷Ni-P合金、外层为Ni-Zn-P合金镀层的三层复合镀层.通过金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线能谱仪(EDS)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、电化学工作站等仪器对复合镀层表面形貌、成分结构及腐蚀电位进行分析.结果 相较于低磷Ni-P镀层和高磷Ni-P镀层,Ni-P/Ni-Zn-P三层复合镀层的晶胞大小均匀一致且胞与胞之间致密平滑.内层低磷Ni-P镀层断面厚度约为14.5μm,镍的质量分数约为96.5％,磷的质量分数为3.5％;中层高磷Ni-P镀层断面厚度约为17.6μm,镍的质量分数约为90.2％,磷的质量分数约为9.8％;Ni-P/Ni-Zn-P三层复合镀层断面总厚度约为40μm,镍的质量分数约为80.7％,锌和磷的质量分数分别为7.6％和11.7％.在Tafel极化曲线中,Ni-P/Ni-Zn-P三层复合镀层的腐蚀电流密度最小,为3.815×10-6 A/cm2,具有更好的耐蚀性.在模拟海水环境(5％NaCl溶液)中腐蚀220 h后,内层、中层组织腐蚀成片,出现孔洞且有点蚀,而Ni-P/Ni-Zn-P三层复合镀层几乎没有腐蚀,只有部分区域出现点蚀,组织较为完整,说明三层镀层较单层、双层镀层具有更好的耐腐蚀性.结论 制备具有电位差的多层阳极Ni-P/Ni-Zn-P复合镀层具有更好的性能,且相较于内层单层、中层双层Ni-P合金镀层,其腐蚀速率也明显降低,耐腐蚀性能更好.     

Nd3+对烧结Nd-Fe-B化学镀Ni-P合金结合力和耐蚀性的影响

在化学镀液中添加Nd3+,研究其浓度对Ni-P镀层与烧结Nd-Fe-B磁体的结合力和施镀后磁体耐蚀性的影响.测定添加不同浓度Nd3+镀液中所得Ni-P镀层与磁体的结合力,以及镀层在3.5%NaCl(质量分数,下同)溶液中的极化曲线,并结合中性盐雾实验表征施镀后磁体耐蚀性.结果表明,添加2.5 g·L-1Nd3+时,Ni-P镀层与Nd-Fe-B磁体的结合力从6.4 MPa提高至25.2 MPa:施镀后磁体的自腐蚀电位从-0.382 V升高到-0.148 V,自腐蚀电流密度从4.52μA·cm-2降低到0.07μcm-2,耐盐雾腐蚀时间达到256 h,磁体耐蚀性显著提高.     

电镀/化学镀双层镍的研究

在45学镀Ni-P合金层进行对比,采用中性盐水、酸性盐水和浓盐酸浸泡实验考查了镀层的耐蚀性能,采用热震实验和锉刀实验考查了镀层的结合强度,并分析了镀层的表面形貌和硬度.结果表明:电镀/化学镀双层镍在较薄时就具有与单层Ni-P合金镀镍层相当的耐蚀性能,且与钢基体结合良好.     

Zr-8.8Al合金化学镀前磷化处理工艺研究

前处理工艺的选择直接决定了化学镀Ni-P镀层质量的高低。本文采用磷化法对Zr-8.8Al合金进行了化学镀前处理,研究了Zr-8.8Al合金在不同磷化工艺获得的磷化膜以及化学镀Ni-P镀层显微结构、显微硬度、抗蚀性等的影响规律。结果表明,45℃下2min获得的磷化膜均匀致密;在此工艺下进行化学镀处理获得的Ni-P镀层为非晶结构,胞状结构,厚度达25μm。与裸材相比,Ni-P镀层显微硬度提高了60%,在3.5wt%NaCl溶液中自腐蚀电位发生正移,极化腐蚀后镀层胞状较完整,对Zr-8.8Al合金起到了较好的保护作用。     

Zr-8.8Al合金化学镀前的磷化预处理工艺

预处理工艺的选择直接影响化学镀Ni-P镀层质量的高低。采用磷化法对Zr-8.8Al合金进行了化学镀前的预处理,研究了Zr-8.8Al合金在不同磷化工艺下获得的磷化膜以及化学镀Ni-P镀层的显微结构、显微硬度、抗蚀性等。结果表明,45℃/2 min预处理获得的磷化膜均匀致密;在此工艺下进行化学镀获得的Ni-P镀层为非晶、胞状结构,厚度达25μm。与裸材相比,Ni-P镀层显微硬度提高了60%,在质量分数为3.5%的Na Cl溶液中自腐蚀电位发生正移,极化腐蚀后镀层胞状较完整,对Zr-8.8Al合金起到了较好的保护作用。     

不锈钢化学镀Ni—P合金在H2SO4溶液中的腐蚀行为

利用化学镀方法在1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢表面制备了均匀、致密和无表面缺陷的Ni-P合金镀层.X射线衍射分析表明,镀层为非晶态结构;动电位极化曲线测试表明,镀层的自腐蚀电位接近-0.1 V(vs.SCE),较不锈钢的自腐蚀电位(-0.31 V)提高了将近0.2 V;腐蚀速率测定结果表明镀层耐蚀性能优异,对基体不锈钢有很好的防护效果.     

铸铁化学镀Ni-P合金稳定剂的研究

针对化学镀Ni-P合金过程中稳定性差,镍离子消耗量大的实际,以镀速、镀液稳定性、镀层孔隙率和耐蚀性为评价指标,研究了Na2S2O3、Pb(AC)2、稳定剂A及稳定剂B等4种稳定剂在乳酸为络合剂的Ni-P化学镀液中的稳定效果。结果表明:复合稳定剂比单一稳定剂镀速高、稳定性好、孔隙率低。其中以Pb(AC)2与稳定剂A组合时镀液和镀层性能最好,稳定性达到35 000 s,镀速为30.1μm/h,孔隙率为0.78个/cm2,耐盐雾腐蚀为856 h。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.