国外磷矿石综合利用

一、共生元素丰富多样人们常把磷矿石仅仅视为磷肥(磷酸盐)原料,其实不然。在各类磷矿石中,除含磷(P)以外,还赋存有铀(U)、钍(Th)、铁(Fe)、锰(Mn)、钒(V)、钼(Mo)、铬(Cr)、镍(Ni)、钴(Co)、铜(Cu)、铅(Pb)、锌(Zn)、铝(Al)、钛(Ti)、稀土(TR)、锶(Sr)、硒(Se)、氟(F)、碘(I)、硫(S)、钾(K)、硼(B)、砷(As)、以及钙(Ca)、镁(Mg)、硅(Si)等几十种元素;     

金的高选择性浮选分离研究

研究了氯化钠和四丁基溴化铵分离金的行为及与一些金属离子分离的条件。实验结果表明,当溶液中氯化钠和四丁基溴化铵的浓度分别为2.5×10-3mol/L和4.0×10-4mol/L时,Au(Ⅲ)可与Ga(Ⅲ)、Co(Ⅱ)、Pd(Ⅱ)、Zn(Ⅱ)、Rh(Ⅲ)、Al(Ⅲ)、Cd(Ⅱ)、Ce(Ⅳ)、Fe(Ⅲ)、Ru(Ⅲ)、Cu(Ⅱ)、W(Ⅵ)、Ti(Ⅳ)、Pb(Ⅱ)、Sb(Ⅲ)、V(Ⅴ)、Pt(Ⅳ)、Mn(Ⅱ)I、n(Ⅲ)、Sn(Ⅳ)、Ni(Ⅱ)I、r(Ⅳ)和Cr(Ⅲ)离子定量分离,对合成水样中Au(Ⅲ)的分离和测定,结果满意。     

国外磷矿石综合利用

人们常把磷矿石仅仅视为磷肥(磷酸盐)原料,其实不然。在各类磷矿石中,除含磷(P)以外,还赋存有铀(U),钍(Th)、铁(Fe)、锰(Mn)、钒(V)、钼(Mo)、铬(Cr)、镍(Ni)、钻(Co)、铜(Cu)、铅(Pb)、锌(Zn),铝(Al)、钛(Ti)、稀土(TR)、锶(Sr)、硒(Se)、氟(F)碘(I)、硫(S)、钾(K)、硼(B)、砷(As)、以及钙(Ca)、镁(Mg)、硅(Si)等几十种元素;已发现的共生有用矿物,除磷灰石[Ca_5(F、Cl)PO_4]外,亦有银星石[Al_3(PO_4)_2(OH)_3·5H_2O]、纤磷钙铝石[CaAl_3(PO_4)_3(OH)_6·H_2O]、磷铝钙纳石[(Na、K)CaAl_3(PO_4)_4(OH)_9·3H_2O]、     

中国氯碱工业协会氯碱市场信息网网长、分网长单位名单

网长单位:太原化工厂分网长单位 一分网:(辽勺、吉林、黑龙江)永新一沈阳化工厂(正)四平联合化工厂(副) 二分网:(北京、天津、山西、内蒙古、河北)天津化工厂(正)北京化工二厂(副) 三分网:(山东)青岛化工厂(正)齐鲁石化公司(副) 四分网:(湖北、湖南、河南)葛店化工厂(正)河南化工厂(副)株洲化工集团公司(副) 五分网:(广东、广西、福建、海南、贵州)广州化工厂(正)南宁化工集团公司(副)福州 第二化工厂(副) 六分网:(江苏、安徽)江苏氛城工业协会(正)合肥化工厂(副) 七分网:(上海、浙江、扛西)上海氛碱总厂(正)衡化公司电化厂(副) 八分网:(陕…     

伞形科杀虫抑菌活性及其活性成分研究进展

对伞形科19个属:当归属(Angelica)、芹菜属(Aium)、阿魏属(Ferula)、独活属(Heracleum)、茴香属(Foeniculum)、茴芹属(Pimpinella)、柴胡属(Bupleurum)、蛇床属(Cnidium)、芹属(Prangos)、积雪草属(Centella)、毒茴属(Conium)、芫荽属(Coriandrum)、石蛇床属(Petroselinum)、莳萝属(Anethum)、孜然芹属(Cuminum)、葛缕子属(Carum)、蔓芹属(Trachyspermum)、窃衣属(Torilis)和防风属(Saposhnikovia)中具有杀虫抑菌作用植物的生物活性及其活性成分的研究概况按属的顺序进行综述,为进一步将伞形科植物资源应用于植物源农药研究和开发利用提供理论参考。     

台湾化工原料市场价格

硝酸(韩国)12000、(比利时)13000、磷酸(台湾)21000、(比利时)24000、硼酸(美国)15500、纯碱10000、锰粉10000、二氧化锰(日本)18000、萤石粉(泰国)9000、冰晶石粉(日本)17000、氧化铜(日本)     

稀土在陶瓷坯釉料中应用的试验

一、前言稀土元素是指化学元素周期表中第三族的一个分组的元素。这些元素的氧化物的丰度较小,所以被称为稀土。它们包括由原子序数57至71的15个镧系元素。镧(La)、铈(Ce)、镨(Pr)、钕(Nd)、钷(Pm)、钐(Sm)、铕(Zn)、钆(Gd)、铽(Tb)、镝(Dy)、钬(Ho)、铒(Zr)、铥(Tm)、镱(Yb)、镥(Lu),以及与镧系元素化学     

粉煤灰及膨润土对Ni^2＋，Zn^2＋，Cd^2＋，Pb^2＋的吸附研究

研究了粉煤灰和膨润土对溶液中有毒重金属离子Ni~(2 )、Zn~(2 )、Pb~(2 )、Cd~(2 )的吸附能力。动态吸附试验显示,吸附过程是快速的。试验结果表明:粉煤灰对Zn~(2 )的吸附能力和膨润土相当,对Ni~(2 )、Cd~(2 )的吸附能力均大于膨润土。平衡吸附模型说明在高浓度下,Ni~(2 )、Zn~(2 )、Pd~(2 )在粉煤灰中,Ni~(2 )、Pd~(2 )在膨润土中的吸附符合Langmuir模式。试验还表明:随着吸附剂中Ni~(2 )、Zn~(2 )、Pb~(2 )、Cd含量增加,粉煤灰和膨润土对Ni~(2 )、Zn~(2 )、Pb~(2 )、Cd~(2 )的吸附百分率下降。     

磷钨酸盐催化2-(4'-乙基苯甲酰)苯甲酸的合成

制备一系列磷钨酸盐(Cs_(1.5)H_(1.5)PW_(12)O_(40)、Cs_(2.5)H_(0.5)PW_(12)O_(40)、Cs_3PW_(12)O_(40)、Cu_(1.5)PW_(12)O_(40)和Zn_(1.5)PW_(12)O_(40))催化剂,采用XRD、FTIR、BET和氨气吸附-脱附等技术对磷钨酸盐进行了表征。并考察磷钨酸盐在催化邻苯二甲酸酐和乙基苯发生Friedel-Crafts酰基化反应生成2-(4'-乙基苯甲酰)苯甲酸(BEA)的活性,结果显示Cs_(2.5)H_(0.5)PW_(12)O_(40)的催化活性明显较高。进一步研究了反应时间、反应温度、原料摩尔比对BEA收率的影响,在最佳条件下,BEA的收率和选择性分别为53.2%和90.6%。Cs_(2.5)H_(0.5)PW_(12)O_(40)催化剂经过连续5次使用,催化剂的活性基本保持不变。     

浅谈中变触媒和氨触媒的发展趋势

目前我国生产的中温变换触媒(国外称高变触媒)的型号有B_(104)、B_(106)、B_(107)、B_(107-1)(广东江门化工厂)、LB_(107)(刘家峡化肥厂)、WB-2(吴泾化工厂)、B_(107)(长沙催化剂厂)、B_(109)、B_(110)、B_(111)(衙州化工厂)和BMC     

天然植物白芨胶的功能及在化妆品中的应用

介绍了天然植物白芨胶的无毒、安全、收敛、止血、延缓皮肤衰老、增稠、悬浮、保湿和助乳化等功能。对白芨胶在化妆品中的应用作了试验研究,临床实验结果表明,白芨对治疗和防止皮肤冻疮和皲裂、促进血液循环、改善皮肤营养状况和防止皱纹等具有明显疗效,且无副反应和毒性。因此,白芨胶是一种理想的化妆品天然植物添加剂。     

Fumigant toxicity of essential oils from some common spices against pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)

In the present study, the essential oil from seven common spices, Anethum graveolens, Cuminum cyminum, Illicium verum, Myristica fragrans, Nigella sativa, Piper nigrum and Trachyspermum ammi was isolated and its insecticidal, oviposition, egg hatching and developmental inhibitory activities were determined against pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis. Essential oils were isolated by hydrodistillation method using Clevenger apparatus. These essential oils caused death of adults and larvae of Callosobruchus chinensis when fumigated. The 24-h LC(50) values against the adults of the insect were 8.9 mul, 10.8 mul, 11.0 mul, 12.5 mul, 13.6 mul, 14.8 mul and 15.6 mul for N. sativa, A. graveolens, C. cyminum, I. verum, P. nigrum, M. fragrans and T. ammi oils respectively. On the other hand, against larval stage these values were 6.4 mul, 7.9 mul, 8.9 mul, 11.1 mul, 11.7 mul, 12.2 mul and 13.5 mul for N. sativa, A. graveolens, C. cyminum, I. verum, P. nigrum, M. fragrans and T. ammi respectively. These essential oils reduced the oviposition potential, egg hatching rate, pupal formation and emergence of adults of F(1) progeny of the insect when fumigated with sublethal concentrations. These essential oils also caused chronic toxicity as the fumigated insects caused less damage to the stored grains. The essential oil of N. sativa was found most effective against all the different stages of the Callosobruchus chinensis followed by A. graveolens, C. cyminum, I. verum, P. nigrum, M. fragrans and T. ammi oils. All the responses were found concentration-dependent. The toxic and developmental inhibitory effects may be due to suffocation and inhibition of various biosynthetic processes of the insects at different developmental stages.     

Flame-retardant brominated styrene-based polymers. X. Dibromostyrene grafted latexes

This paper describes the synthesis, characterization, and some applications of flame-retardant dibromostyrene grafted latexes. These latexes are synthesized by an emulsion polymerization technique. One of the prime factors to be considered in the choice of a commercial latex or a latex blend to be grafted is the glass transition temperature(s) of the polymer(s) in the final latex desired. The graft latexes were characterized in terms of glass transition temperature, solids content, bromine content, grafted dibromostyrene content, and flame retardancy. They are useful for a wide range of applications, including fabric backcoatings, carpetings, paints, adhesives, sealants, caulks, nonwoven binders, etc. Presented at the 23rd Annual Waterborne, High-Solids, and Powder Coatings Symposium, on February 14–16, 1996, in New Orleans, LA P.O. Box 2200, West Lafayette, IN 47906. NICK A. FAVSTRITSKY is Manager of Polymers Research at Great Lakes Chemical Corporation. Dr. Favstristky received the B.S. Degree from the University of California-Berkeley, M.S. Degree from Yale, and Ph.D. from Oregon State. Prior to joining Great Lakes in 1984, he had extensive industrial R & D experience in product and process development as a research scientist and technical manager. Dr. Favstritsky carried out research in catalysis, oxidation, hydrogenation, polyester synthesis, polyester waste recovery, continuous emulsion polymerization, liquid crystal polymers, epoxy resins, and textile and tire cord fiber development. While at Great Lakes, Dr. Favstritsky and his team have been active in developing new flame retardant, polymer additives, novel coatings, water treatment chemicals, specialty monomers, and polymers. He has published more than 12 papers in the dibromostyrene-based products and (co)authored more than 35 U.S. patents and a large number of foreign patents. JIN-LIANG WANG is Project Leader at Great Lakes Chemical Corporation. Dr. Wang received the diploma in Chemical Engineering from the Taipei Institute of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan in 1958, and M.S. Degree in Physical Organic Chemistry from Kent State University in 1966 and the Ph.D. Degree in Polymer Chemistry from the Maurice Morton Institute of Polymer Science at the University of Akron in 1971. He joined the Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company in 1966 as Research Chemist. During Dr. Wang’s 21-year career with Goodyear, he worked on synthesis, characterization, and application of latexes, rubber, plastics and resins, chemical modification of natural and synthetic rubber and latex, synthesis of isoprene oligomers and metathesis of olefins. Dr. Wang joined Great Lakes in 1988 and his current research involves new flame-retardant latexes and polymers, compatibilizers, impact modifiers, polymer additives, block polymers, and UV stabilized polymers. He has published 23 papers and granted 13 U.S. patents with a number of foreign patents.     

几种杀虫剂对草坪害虫的控制效果

测定了绿僵菌、毒死蜱、辛硫磷等药剂对草坪害虫的控制效果。结果表明绿僵菌、毒死蜱和辛硫磷都是防治草坪地下害虫的有效药剂，毒死蜱和辛硫磷还能有效防治草坪茎叶害虫禾灰翅夜蛾和斜纹夜蛾等。药后45d，绿僵菌对铜绿丽金龟幼虫蛴螬的防效和对地下害虫的总防效分别为91．2％和87．6％。绿僵菌对茎叶害虫的防效较差，药后3、7、10d时，对禾灰翅夜蛾的防效分别为3．7％、9．2％和18．9％；对茎叶害虫的总防效在12．2％以下。辛硫磷和毒死蜱药后3d对禾灰翅夜蛾的防效分别是93．7％和97．6％；对茎叶害虫的总防效分别是92．0％和93．6％。当高效氯氰菊酯分别和辛硫磷、毒死蜱混用防治斜纹夜蛾时，防效更高、速效性更好。     

Studies on tocopherol derivatives: V. Intestinal absorption of several d,1-3,4-3H2-α-tocopheryl esters in the rat

Twelve d,1-3,4-3H2-alpha-tocopheryl esters were synthesized from d,1-3,4-3H2-alpha-tocopherol. They were acetate, propionate, butyrate, isobutyrate, caprylate, palmitate, acid succinate, benzoate, nicotinate, o-hydroxybenzoate, o-acetoxybenzoate, and pivalate. The hydrolysis of these esters with bile-pancreatic juice and with 9,000 x g supernatant of small intestine and liver homogenates of rats was examined. When these esters were incubated in small intestine or liver supernatants, hydrolysis occurred at a similar rate. In the incubation experiments, alpha-tocopheryl acetate, propionate, butyrate, isobutyrate, caprylate, palmitate, and acid succinate were classified as an easily hydrolyzable group. Alpha-tocopheryl benzoate and nicotinate were in a moderately hydrolyzable group. O-hydroxybenzoate and pivalate, which resisted hydrolysis, were in a scarcely hydrolyzable group. O-acetoxybenzoate was easily hydrolyzed to the o-hydroxybenzoate. Hydrolysis on straight chain fatty acid esters of alpha-tocopherol easily occurred in bile-pancreatic juice. In in vivo experiments, the lymphatic absorption rate of 6 esters, acetate, palmitate, acid succinate, nicotinate, o-hydroxybenzoate, and pivalate, was measured on thoracic duct fistula rats. Easily hydrolyzable esters were recovered mostly in lymph as alpha-tocopherol, whereas, an ester which strongly resisted hydrolysis, such as pivalate, appeared mainly unchanged. This fact suggested that hydrolysis of alpha-tocopheryl esters was not necessarily a prerequisite for intestinal absorption. The percentage of absorption of slowly hydrolyzed esters in lymph was relatively lower than that of moderately or easily hydrolyzable esters.     

Books Received

MULTICOMPONENT POLYMER SYSTEMS. Edited by I. S. Miles and S. Rostami. Longman Scientific & Technical, Essex, UK, 1992, 435pp. (UK£ 65.00).

HANDBOOK OF ADHESION. Edited by D. E. Packham. Longman Scientific & Technical, Essex, UK, 1992, 570pp. (UK£80.00).

PLASMA SURFACE MODIFICATION OF POLYMERS: Relevance to Adhesion. Edited by M. Strobel, C. S. Lyons and K. L. Mittal. VSP, Utrecht, The Netherlands, 1994, 290pp. (DM122/US$79).

ADHESION MEASUREMENT OF FILMS AND COATINGS. Edited by K. L. Mittal. VSP, Utrecht, The Netherlands, 1995, 456pp. (DM147/US$96).

CONTACT ANGLE, WETTABILITY AND ADHESION. Edited by K. L. Mittal. VSP, Utrecht, The Netherlands, 1993, 971pp. (no price given).     

Color identification data obtained from photopic to mesopic illuminance levels

To use colors properly as an aid in visual tasks, it is necessary to know how colors are identified under various illuminating environments. In this study color identification was examined under a wide range of illuminances, from photopic to mesopic levels. Fifteen subjects named a color chip using one of the preselected color terms: red, orange, yellow, yellow‐green, green, blue‐green, blue, purple, pink, brown, white, gray, and black. The 256 color chips were selected from value planes of 4, 6, and 8 of the Munsell color space. The illuminance levels tested were 1000, 10, 1, and 0.1 lx. At 1000 lx the color chips were identified consistently by each of the color terms. At 10 lx the pattern of color identification was very similar to that at 1000 lx, though the consistency of the identification evidently declined. At 1 lx great changes in color identification occurred. By 0.1 lx reliable color identification was completely lost, though blue and red responses remained. At the lower illuminances green was replaced with blue, and red, orange, and pink were frequently confused with each other. However, the border between blue and purple was almost constant. These results provide a scientific basis for the appropriate use of colors in various illuminating environments. Also, they are useful for studies in color appearance modeling. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 27, 252–259, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.10065     

建筑陶瓷装饰技术的现状及发展趋势

简要介绍了建筑陶瓷领域、日用陶瓷和工艺美术陶瓷领域装饰技术的最新进展,着重介绍了引领陶瓷装饰技术发展和最新潮流的意大利、西班牙在这方面的水平和成果,他们为开放的中国从世界陶瓷大国尽快过渡到世界陶瓷强国提供了借鉴和方向。装饰技术的总体水平包括设计、装饰技法、装饰工艺、装饰材料和装饰机械装备等几大方面,其中设计是龙头,它应包括产品的图案设计、造型设计、色彩的搭配、产品的应用及展示设计等多个方面;装饰技法包括平面装饰和立体装饰、平铺和点缀、多种装饰材料的交替和组合应用等;装饰工艺包括布料(多管布料、多次布料、随机布料、微粉和干粒布料),丝网印刷(平面丝网印刷、辊筒印刷、胶辊印刷),各种施釉工艺,抛光,柔抛,釉抛和半釉抛工艺,磨边和水刀切割,拼花工艺等;装饰材料有各种色料、成釉、金属釉、干粒、印油、渗花液、喷墨印刷用耗材等;装饰机械装备包括各种装饰机械和工模具。     

Morphology of hybrid coatings based on polyester, melamine resin, and silica and the relation with hardness and scratch resistance

The morphology of hybrid coatings based on polyester, melamine resin, and various amounts of silica has been investigated, and the hardness and scratch resistance were determined. By increasing silica content, an increase of silica particles in size and number was observed. Small silica particles were preferentially present at the surface. The influence of the silica content on the K?nig hardness, indentation hardness, and elastic modulus was minor. The improved scratch resistance determined for a hybrid coating with 11.4 wt% silica, compared to a similar organic coating without silica, was attributed to small silica particles preferentially present at the surface. Presented at the 26th International Waterborne, High-Solids, and Powder Coatings Symposium, February 10–12, 1999, New Orleans, LA. Dept. of Polymer Chemistry and Coatings Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands. Materials Division, Dept. of Materials Chemistry and Coatings, P.O. Box 595, 5600 AN Eindhoven, The Netherlands.     

Identification of two new hydrophobic residues on basic fibroblast growth factor important for fibroblast growth factor receptor binding

Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is implicated in the pathogenesis of several types of vascular and connective diseases. A key step in the discovery of bFGF receptor antagonists to mitigate these actions is to define the functional epitopes required for receptor binding of the growth factor. Using structure-based site-directed mutagenesis, two critical areas on the bFGF surface for the high affinity receptor binding have already been identified [Springer, B.A., Pantoliano, M.W., Barberal, F.A., Gunyuzlu, P.L., Thompson, L.D., Herblin, W.F., Rosenfeld, S.A. and Book, G.W. (1994) J. Biol. Chem., 269, 26879-26884; Zhu, H.Y., Ramnarayan, K., Anchin, J., Miao, Y., Sereno, A., Millman, L., Zheng, J., Balaji, V.N. and Wolff, M.E. (1995) J. Biol. Chem., 270, 21869-21874; Zhu, H.Y., Anchin, J., Ramnarayan, K., Zheng, J., Kawai, T., Mong, S. and Wolff, M.E. (1997) Protein Engng, 10, 417-421]. According to these studies, one receptor binding site includes two polar residues Glu96 and Asn104 on bFGF whereas the other includes four hydrophobic residues Tyr24, Tyr103, Leu140 and Met142. Using a protein modelling technique, we report here the identification of a new hydrophobic patch on bFGF which includes residues Tyr73, Val88 and Phe93. The role of this area on receptor binding affinity was evaluated by mutating each of these residues individually and determining the mutated protein's (mutein's) receptor binding affinity. In addition, we examined the role of two other hydrophobic residues, Phe30 and Leu138, on bFGF for high-affinity receptor binding. These two residues are the neighbors of the hydrophobic residues Tyr24 and Tyr103, respectively. Replacement of Val88 and Phe93 with alanine reduced the receptor binding affinity about 10- and 80-fold, respectively, compared with wild-type bFGF. In contrast, substitution of Phe30 and Leu138 with alanine has no effect on the receptor binding affinities. We conclude that the newly identified hydrophobic residues, Val88 and Phe93, are crucial for the receptor binding. The present data, together with the previous identification of four hydrophobic residues (Tyr24, Tyr103, Leu140 and Met142), suggests that there are two hydrophobic receptor binding sites on the bFGF surface. Our findings can be employed in the discovery and design of potent bFGF antagonists using computational methods.