核电厂地坑过滤器附加质量试验研究

采用测量转动惯量的方法对核电厂安全壳地坑过滤器水下附加质量进行测量,分别测量了圆柱、圆筒、双层圆筒、圆筒形地坑过滤器4种结构。将圆柱的附加质量测量值与在理想流体中的理论值进行对比,验证了该方法可以比较准确地测量附加质量。结果分析表明,附加质量不随激振频率变化,圆筒结构附加质量为圆柱结构的1.9倍,双层圆筒附加质量与单层圆筒差异不大;地坑过滤器由于表面开孔附加质量较圆筒结构降低70%;地坑过滤器附加质量与本身质量的值为同一数量级,地坑过滤器设计时不能忽略附加质量。     

β测量新材料密度中标准材料的选择

为了解决β测量新材料密度中的定标问题，采用MC方法进行了模拟计算，得到了不同能量的β射线的透射率在不同材料中与质量厚度的变化关系，证明了β测厚中选择元素相近材料作标准材料的可行性。     

Mass Transfer Coefficients of Uranium and Plutonium across Aqueous/Organic Interfaces of Solvent Extraction

The mass transfer rates of U (VI), U (N), Pu (N) and Pu (a)nitrates across aqueous/organic interfaces have been measured by a single drop method in solvent extraction. The overall mass transfer coefficients for rising, falling and jetting drops were related to the individual mass transfer coefficients in the dispersed and continuous phases. The Sherwood numbers in the dispersed and continuous phases, which contain the individual mass transfer coefficients, were correlated with the Peclet numbers in the corresponding phases, on the basis of the boundary layer theory, Handlos-Baron's theory and the penetration theory. This paper presents the experimental results of the mass transfer rates that were analyzed in terms of these theoretical findings. The mass transfers of U and Pu were confirmed to be controlled by molecular diffusion through the organic film layer for the rising or falling drops and the aqueous film layer for the jetting drops.     

时间关联符合法探测铀部件质量实验研究

采用²⁵²Cf源中子诱发金属铀部件裂变的主动探测方法对铀部件质量识别进行探索,实验测量了3.8～15.2kg8件高浓缩铀部件的源中子与探测器的互相关函数谱C₁₂(τ),互相关函数谱积分值R₁₂随铀部件质量有明显的变化规律。当铀部件质量为3.8～7.2kg时,质量灵敏系数为8.5%;铀部件质量为7.2～15.2kg时,质量灵敏系数为11.0%。     

Conceptual design of a computer-driven display for monitoringreactor coolant mass

The conceptual design of a display for monitoring reactor coolant mass in the primary coolant loop of a pressurized water reactor is discussed. A means-end relational network serves as the framework for decomposing the abstract-the conservation law of mass-into system and process variables. A computer-driven display synthesizes, in real time, mass sources, mass inventory, and mass sinks based on measured plant variables. The purpose of the display is to aid human users in the cognitive tasks of monitoring operations, diagnosing system faults, and responding to component and system failures that affect mass     

含不凝性气体蒸汽浸没射流冷凝压力振荡实验研究

实验研究了不凝性气体（空气）含量、水温和蒸汽质量流速对蒸汽浸没射流冷凝压力振荡特性的影响，实验工况横跨冷凝振荡（CO）区和稳定冷凝（SC）区。结果表明：对于纯蒸汽射流，压力振荡主频随水温的升高而降低，振荡强度随水温的升高而升高；在CO区，振荡主频和振荡强度均随蒸汽质量流速的升高而升高；在SC区，振荡主频随蒸汽质量流速的升高而降低，振荡强度基本上不随蒸汽质量流速的变化而发生改变；对于含空气射流，随空气质量分数的增加，振荡主频总体呈下降趋势，振荡强度先迅速下降后小幅上升，在空气质量分数为0.05～0.1区域内振荡主频和振荡强度均存在极小值。     

静电场激励液-液体系相间铜反萃传质特性

在改进的传质池中通过在线检测草酸浓度,应用瞬时传质系数与平均传质系数,研究了各种方向及组合、不同电压、电极板形状与面积等条件下静电场对体系Cu²⁺-HDEHP-CCl₄/H₂O-H₂C₂O₄伴随生成CuC₂O₄的传质过程特性。外场电压变化、电极面积可改变相间的传质速率,与传质方向成45°夹角的静电场作用对相界面传质速率的影响更为显著,表明相间传质阻力结构或相间传质层具有各向异性。     

CAP1400反应堆吊篮与围筒旁通流特性实验研究

对CAP1400反应堆的吊篮与围筒旁通流量进行实验研究,研究了不同直径的围筒底板开孔下旁流腔的阻力特性及对应原型堆堆芯压降下的旁流份额。研究结果表明,当围筒底板开孔直径大于等于1.2倍的最小实验测量直径时,旁流腔的流量份额超过了对应原型堆堆芯压降下总流量的0.5%,其余孔径下旁流腔的流量份额均小于对应原型堆堆芯压降下总流量的0.5%。     

Accumulation of decelerated gold ions

As part of our experiment to determine directly the mass of a gold atom in the SI unit kilogram, we have studied the interaction of decelerated gold ions with the surface of a gold coated quartz crystal. The ratio between the change of mass of the gold coated quartz crystal and the total charge of the ion current is measured as a function of the ion energy. The transition between the mass loss, mainly resulting from the sputtering effects, and the mass increase at the oscillator quartz, has been observed. At sufficiently low ion energies the measurements have shown a reasonable agreement with the expected value of the mass of a gold atom in the unit kilogram. Hence, the basic scheme for a direct determination of atomic masses in the SI unit kilogram has been successfully demonstrated.     

重水中氢氧同位素的质谱分析

用高分辨率质谱计分析了重水中氢与氧的同位素组成；分析了重水的分子组成、质谱中的单电荷离子；利用高分辨率质谱峰相对强度，计算了重水中的氢氧同位素组成。结果表明，高分辨率质谱法分析重水，可同时分析其中的氢同位素和氧同位素，并且用样量小，结果可靠。     

符合中子法测量贫化铀部件质量技术研究

分别采用有源（主动）及无源（被动）符合中子法研究了贫化铀半球壳部件质量的测量方法与技术。采用井型中子符合计数器对不同质量的贫化铀部件进行了符合中子计数的测量,主动法测量选取Am-Be源作为诱发中子源,通过屏蔽体减小源中子偶然符合计数的影响,根据测量结果求出的贫化铀部件线性拟合质量与标称质量最大相对偏差达11.71%,而被动法测量的拟合质量最大相对偏差仅为4.05%。证明了由于与主动法相比减弱了形状的影响,采用被动法测量贫化铀部件质量精度更高且更为可靠。     

Detailed Evaluation of the Natural Circulation Mass Flow Rate of Water Propelled by Using an Air Injection

One-dimensional (1D) air-water two-phase natural circulation flow in the “thermohydraulic evaluation of reactor cooling mechanism by external self-induced flow—one-dimensional” (THERMES-1D) experiment has been verified and evaluated by using the RELAP5/MOD3 computer code. Experimental results on the 1D natural circulation mass flow rate of water propelled by using an air injection have been evaluated in detail. The RELAP5 results have shown that an increase in the air injection rate to 50% of the total heat flux leads to an increase in the water circulation mass flow rate. However, an increase in the air injection rate from 50 to 100% does not affect the water circulation mass flow rate, because of the inlet area condition. As the height increases in the air injection part, the void fraction increases. However, the void fraction in the upper part of the air injector maintains a constant value. An increase in the air injection mass flow rate leads to an increase in the local void fraction, but it has no influence on the local pressure. An increase in the coolant inlet area leads to an increase in the water circulation mass flow rate. However, the water outlet area does not have an influence on the water circulation mass flow rate. As the coolant outlet moves to a lower position, the water circulation mass flow rate decreases.     

反应堆吊篮结构梁型振动频率的计算方法

提出了一种反应堆吊筛结构在水中作梁型振动的分析方法，介绍了计算模型，端部弹性支承刚度、等的确定，最后得到了振动频率的计算公式。     

流动不稳定性对CHF的影响

本文成功地训练了一个用于预测流动不稳定性条件下CHF的人工神经网络,利用所训练的人工神经网络,分析了流动不稳定性对无量纲因子F的影响规律.分析结果表明,系统压力对F的影响是非单值的;平均质量流速增大,总体上F也增大.还分析了流动不稳定性条件下系统主要参数对临界热流密度的影响.结果表明:当质量流速的振幅与平均质量流速的比增加时,CHF 减小;质量流速的振幅与平均质量流速的比不变时,随着周期增大,CHF减小.     

Evaluation of hydrodynamic mass methods in reactor applications

The hydrodynamic (or virtual) mass approach is evaluated by comparison of structural responses computed by the hydrodynamic mass method with those computed by MULTIFLEX code for a fluid-structure interaction problem with fluid compression effects taken into account. A sample problem used in that evaluation is a simplified 1-D PWR model which is first subjected to a LOCA type transient. The time history of structural displacement computed with the hydrodynamic mass approach is compared with MULTIFLEX results. The frequencies of structural oscillation of these two computations agree fairly well. But the amplitudes disagree by more than 50%, which is attributed to the effect of the fluid compressibility. For the seismic study, sinusoidal forces are applied to the floor at the vessel support. The system responses are expressed by the response functions or the maximum values of the barrel/vessel relative displacements as the applied frequency is varied. The response functions are computed by the hydrodynamic mass method and by MULTIFLEX for evaluation of the virtual mass method. For the pump pulsation study, sinusoidal pressure oscillations are applied at the pump outlet and the response functions are computed as above. For seismic transients, it is found that the hydrodynamic mass method is applicable in the low frequency range ω > 17 Hz. For pump pulsation analyses of ω 150 Hz, the hydrodynamic mass method is applicable. Otherwise, the virtual mass method may yield quite different results than MULTIFLEX, because of fluid incompressibility assumptions.     

Behavior of Sodium Oxide Aerosol in a Closed Chamber

The behavior of sodium oxide aerosol in a closed chamber was studied for the safety analysis of a Na-cooled fast reactor. The experimental apparatus and techniques are first described. The aerosol was released during a short time by blowing air onto heated Na in a 1 m³ chamber. The maximum mass concentration of the aerosol in the form of Na₂O ranged of 0.05 ～ 10g/m³. The particle size distribution, the aerosol mass concentration and the mass deposition rates were measured as a function of time.

It was found that the mass median diameter of the aerosol was related to the maximum mass concentration. To determine the character of the behavior of sodium oxide aerosol in the chamber, the density of the aerosol material and the thickness of the boundary layer through which the particles deposit on the chamber wall were observed. The initial half-time of the aerosol mass concentration was compared with the values numerically calculated under certain assumptions.     

压水堆下腔室流量分布数值分析

建立了压水堆下腔室流场的三维数值计算模型,计算了不同环腔厚度和环腔内冷却剂速度条件下,下腔室内冷却剂的流场,分析了环腔厚度和环腔内冷却剂速度对下腔室流向堆芯的流量分布的影响。入口速度不同或环腔厚度不同,在下腔内冷却剂流动形成漩涡的位置、大小和流动速度均会发生改变,导致通过流量孔板通孔的流量分布不同。入口速度较低时,流量孔板上所有通孔的流量分布比较均匀,在平均值附近波动,流量最高的通孔小组出现在边缘处;入口速度较高时,流量明显地呈现出中心高边缘低的特点。通孔小组的流量最大值随着环腔厚度增加由孔板的中心向边缘移动。     

特种高效填料用于13C分离的计算传质学研究

由于碳同位素分离系数仅为1.007，分离难度大，要获得99%¹³C的高丰度产品，需要近三千块理论级数，为有效降低工程化实施难度，需要采用特种高效填料实现¹³C的分离。为准确预测¹³C分离用低温精馏塔的传质性能，本文运用计算流体力学方法（CFD），对自主研制的高比表面高效规整填料PACK¹³C进行计算传质学分析。通过研究气液两相在两片填料片组成的精馏单元内部相互传质现象，提出了一种耦合传质效率的CFD计算方法；并实现由局部精馏单元的传质模拟计算推广到对整塔传质性能的模拟预测。结果显示，计算传质学模拟值与低温精馏分离¹³C同位素的传质实验值吻合较好，等板高度（HETP）的模拟值与实验值平均相对误差为10.15%；分离功模拟值与实验值的平均相对误差为9.1%。本研究方法可推广运用于¹³C产业化装置的传质性能预测。     

Single photon ionisation of self assembled monolayers

Self assembled monolayers formed from benzenethiol, diphenylsulphide and diphenyldisulphide have been analysed using secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), sputter neutral mass spectrometry (SNMS) and laser desorption photoionisation mass spectrometry (LDPI). The peak corresponding to the parent ion was much stronger in LDPI than with SIMS or SNMS analysis and fragmentation was lower. A useful yield of order 0.5% was obtained for LDPI from diphenyldisulphide.     

马岭花岗岩体铀成矿地质条件及找矿潜力分析

在研究马岭花岗岩体区域地质构造演化、岩体及外围地层含铀性、岩石地球化学和已知铀矿化空间分布规律及控矿构造的基础上,提出了4点认识:即(1)马岭复式岩体属S型重熔花岗岩;(2)富铀地层重熔导致了区域矿物质汇聚区的形成;(3)岩浆演化是热液富铀的物质基础;(4)NE向主导断裂导矿和旁侧陡倾斜断裂(裂隙)及地层破碎构成了有利于铀供源和聚沉的成矿系统。查明了该地区矿石类型为酸性矿石。分析了马岭花岗岩体的找矿潜力,指明了进一步找矿空间。