高预紧力桁架锚索与单体锚索平行布置支护原理及应用

综合理论分析、数值模拟、现场试验及实测,分析了高预紧力桁架锚索与单体锚索不同支护原理及其优缺点,提出高预紧力桁架锚索与单体锚索平行布置支护技术,并对其组成结构、控制机理、应力场分布规律进行系统研究.结果表明:1)单体锚索自由端预紧力在锚固体内形成的垂直应力随锚索轴向深度增大呈指数形式迅速减小,其有效作用深度为0~6m,有效作用半径为0~2.4m;2)桁架锚索新型特制联接锁紧器使闭锁结构内锚固体受水平应力和垂直应力双重作用,锚固体中性轴位置下移,更大范围煤岩体处于受压应力状态;3)单体锚索应力场以环形波纹状向岩体深部扩展,桁架锚索应力场呈燕尾形沿垂直方向向岩体深部扩展,叠加区内更大范围锚固体处于受压状态.实测五家沟矿5203特大断面开切眼顶板最大变形量为393mm,围岩控制效果良好.     

施工期乌东德水电站左岸尾水边坡实测变形及支护受力特性

乌东德水电站在施工期间,其左岸尾水边坡曾出现过较大变形,为保证水电站的长期正常运行,分析了该期间乌东德水电站边坡岩体变形、锚杆应力、锚索锚固力、表面变形的变化特性,分析了发生变形的主要部位和深度范围,评价了边坡稳定状况,阐释了监测成果与边坡开挖支护的相关性,揭示了边坡发生较大变形的最主要原因.结果表明,变形主要发生在f...     

泸定水电站引水建筑物边坡安全监测设计

阐述了泸定水电站引水建筑物边坡在施工期的监测设计,建立了由表面变形监测点监测宏观整体变形及采用多点位移计监测块体滑动和岩体卸荷松弛变形的监测体系,并选取锚杆和锚索进行专门的应力监测。最后通过对监测信息的反馈,分析了变形对边坡开挖的影响。     

长河坝水电站左坝肩边坡变形机制分析

长河坝水电站左坝肩边坡高陡、卸荷作用强烈、长大裂隙较发育,造成了边坡岩体结构的复杂性和边坡变形破坏方式的多样性。因此,分析边坡的变形破坏机制对边坡稳定性复核非常重要。本文结合工程地质调查、岩体结构特征和监测资料,对边坡进行了结构面统计和岩体分区,分析了裂缝成因和边坡的变形破坏模式。下部边坡爆破开挖使fz-15断层及其下盘压缩变形,上盘岩体下沉;边坡沿J6组结构面产生剪切滑移变形,上部岩体沿J3组结构面产生拉裂,沿J2结构面产生倾倒变形,产生了各种方向的裂缝。边坡变形破坏模式主要为滑移—拉裂破坏和倾倒—拉裂破坏。采用针对性支护措施后,裂缝变形得到控制,边坡基本稳定。     

库区公路倾倒岩体边坡高位错落变形机理及治理措施

倾倒岩体边坡是岩体向临空面发生弯曲变形的特殊岩质边坡，随着边坡开挖岩体卸荷，坡体应力重新分布，倾倒岩体折断面逐渐连通，坡体持续发生时效变形，易导致边坡变形失稳。依托澜沧江苗尾库区沿江公路倾倒岩体边坡实例工程，分析边坡高位错落变形特征及孕育过程，研究倾倒岩体边坡高位错落变形影响因素、失稳原因及变形机理；边坡治理遵循“锁口、强腰、固脚”的思路，采用削坡减载、主动预加固防护、挂网喷锚、堆渣压坡及截排水措施等进行综合治理，评价边坡加固前后的稳定性。结果表明：倾倒岩体边坡变形具有继承性，高位错落变形是前期倾倒岩体变形的延续；倾倒岩体变形边坡治理以主动预加固防护为主，削坡减载与锚固防护并重，限制倾倒变形岩体应力松弛与蠕变，可为类似边坡病害分析与治理提供借鉴和参考。     

资兴高速K21段顺层岩质边坡支护过程数值模拟研究

以资兴高速K21段顺层岩质边坡为研究对象,借助现场调查、数值模拟研究段边坡的开挖和支护过程,对各阶段的稳定性、位移、应力等的变化规律进行分析,验证了开挖、支护设计的合理性以及边坡加固的安全性,研究了边坡在开挖支护过程中应力应变规律。结果表明,顺层岩质边坡开挖扰动开挖破坏了边坡原有的应力分布,导致岩体产生裂隙损伤和变形,并逐渐扩张,弱化岩体和层面自身的强度。同时,边坡开挖,直接破坏了边坡原有的连续受力体系,由于软弱层面的抗剪强度较低,从而导致岩层沿开挖揭露的软弱层面整体下滑。锚索框架一方面通过对坡体的位移的控制作用,增加坡体的稳定性,另一方面通过预应力锚索把层状岩体锚固在一起,使得各层之间摩阻力增大,内应力和挠度大为减少,大大提高了层面的抗剪强度。     

姚河坝水电站厂房岩质边坡地震安全性分析

采用三维非线性有限元时程分析方法,结合姚河坝水电站厂房岩质边坡工程实例,在静力分析的基础上对水电站厂房后边坡的动力响应及抗震安全性进行分析.严格考虑了地基辐射阻尼效应,深入模拟锚索、锚杆、基础梁、框架梁、混凝土喷护等边坡加固措施,并详尽模拟了实际施工过程、地质地貌情况等.综合上述因素获得对边坡动力响应的科学评价.研究结果表明,位移、加速度基本上随着高程的升高而增大,应力分布从坡体表层向深部呈现逐层变化的特征.在坡体表面岩体脆弱带处的动力响应较为明显.并基于强度折减法理论,分析得出了边坡在设计地震作用下是安全的.     

预应力锚固作用下破碎岩质边坡表层压缩效应

为研究预应力锚固作用下破碎岩质边坡的压缩效应及其对加固工程的影响，对金丽温高速公路某边坡锚固工程进行了现场监测和数值模拟研究. 研究了不同的预应力锚固结构作用下，在不同弹性模量的破碎岩质边坡中产生的压缩变形和附加应力变化规律. 讨论了预应力锚索间距和框格梁梁高对坡体表面压缩效应的影响. 结果表明，考虑到坡体岩体变形模量小，破碎岩质边坡锚固工程宜采用500～750 kN的小吨位预应力锚索. 应尽量采用带框格梁的锚固结构形式, 锚索间距可取4～6 m. 框格梁梁高取锚索间距的1/10左右是最为经济安全.     

小龙潭布沼坝西北边坡的数值模拟研究

为了研究露天矿边坡岩体的变形和破坏特征,论文应用弹塑性三维有限单元数值分析方法,分析计算了各种模拟方案的应力、位移及安全率的变化规律,对小龙潭布沼坝露天矿西北边坡岩体应力场的特征和破坏规律进行研究,为此类矿山边坡稳定性分析评价提供科学依据.     

基于ADINA的边坡开挖变形与稳定性分析

针对水布垭水电站溢洪道边坡开挖变形与稳定性问题,建立边坡岩体的力学模型,利用ADINA软件进行数值仿真模拟.通过算例分析边坡岩体的应力、位移等,对边坡的安全稳定性进行讨论,并结合工程实际对该水电站溢洪道边坡开挖工程作出了评价.     

Cable-truss supporting system for gob-side entry driving in deep mine and its application

In order to solve the large deformation controlling problem for surrounding rock of gob-side entry driving under common cable anchor support in deep mine, site survey, physical modeling experiment, numerical simulation and field measurement were synthetically used to analyze the deformation and failure characteristics of surrounding rock. Besides, applicability analysis, prestress field distribution characteristics of surrounding rock and the control effect on large deformation of surrounding rock were also further studied for the gob-side entry driving in deep mine using the cable-truss supporting system. The results show that, first, compared with no support and traditional bolt anchor support, roof cable-truss system can effectively restrain the initiation and propagation of tensile cracks in the roof surrounding rock and arc shear cracks in the two sides, moreover, the broken development of surrounding rock, roof separation and extrusion deformation between the two sides of the roadway are all controlled; second, a prestressed belt of trapezoidal shape is generated in the surrounding rock by the cable-truss supporting system, and the prestress field range is wide. Especially, the prestress concentration belt in the shallow surrounding rock can greatly improve the anchoring strength and deformation resisting capability of the rock stratum;third, an optimized support system of ‘‘roof and side anchor net beam, roof cable-truss supporting system and anchor cable of the narrow coal pillar" was put forward, and the support optimization design and field industrial test were conducted for the gob-side entry driving of the working face 5302 in Tangkou Mine, from which a good supporting effect was obtained.     

Physical model test study on shear strength characteristics of slope sliding surface in Nanfen open-pit mine

A physical model for the footwall slope of Nanfen open-pit mine, China was established using a selfdeveloped deep geological engineering disaster model test system. A thermosensitive similar material,paraffin, was selected to simulate a weak structural plane in the slope to reproduce the landslide process.From an experimental perspective, the variation trend of shear strength parameters of weak structural plane and the mechanical support characteristics of NPR(negative Poisson's ratio) anchor cable under the condition of a large landslide deformation and failure were examined. The results of this model test showed that slope failure has four distinct stages:(1) soil compaction stage,(2) crack generation stage,(3) crack propagation stage, and(4) sliding plane transfixion stage. According to the test results, the rock mechanics parameters of weak surface in the footwall slope of Nanfen open-pit mine were calculated.The cohesion is approximately 1.35×10~5 Pa, and the internal friction angle is approximately 6.33°.During slope failure, the NPR anchor cable experiences a large deformation but no damage occurs, indicating that the NPR anchor cable can be continuously monitored and reinforced during the deformation and failure of landslide. The stress characteristics of NPR anchor cables during the test are consistent with the monitoring results of Newtonian force at the landslide site, proving that NPR anchor cables are effective and reasonable in landslide monitoring and early warning.     

预应力锚索锚固效应数值模拟分析

采用FLAC3D对预应力锚索在岩体中形成的附加应力场分布特征进行了数值模拟.研究结果表明：在一定预应力条件下,单根锚索在岩体中形成了类似＂8＂字型的附加应力场,锚固段剪应力分布曲线大致呈负指数形式递减,而随着预紧力量级的增加,剪应力向纵深方向转移;群锚形成的压应力区相互叠加,连成一体,形成＂碗型＂压缩加固带,锚索预应力及主动支护作用几乎扩散到整个自由段.     

管片衬砌配合碎石可压缩层与锚杆的支护型式研究

针对深埋地层中修建盾构隧道,特别是围岩表现蠕变特性,研究一种管片衬砌配合压缩层与锚杆的联合支护技术.采用有限差分与离散元的耦合计算方法,进行了管片衬砌壁后注浆、管片衬砌壁后填充碎石可压缩层、管片衬砌配合碎石可压缩层和高强预应力锚杆的支护效果对比研究.从围岩塑性区发展、沉降随时间变化、管片衬砌弯矩和轴力分析了联合支护效果.从碎石可压缩层的压缩变形路径、锚固围岩的位移矢量等角度揭示了联合支护的细观作用机理.研究结果表明:仅采取管片衬砌配合碎石可压缩层的让压支护手段无法维持管片衬砌的长期稳定;联合支护结构型式既可以提高围岩自身承载能力,也能够有效吸收围岩的蠕变变形.联合支护的作用机理由两部分构成:碎石可压缩层的让压作用与高强预应力锚杆加固围岩作用.其中,碎石可压缩层的让压机理主要通过颗粒间相互嵌挤和错动移位作用调减管片衬砌壁后接触力;高强预应力锚杆的加固机理是由锚杆形成的锚固区控制了蠕变变形的过大发展.研究结果对未来盾构工法修建深部高地应力、强蠕变隧道的支护型式设计具有一定参考价值.     

深基坑围护混合支撑体系内力与变形监测分析

以混合支撑体系内力与变形的变化规律为研究目标,以某明挖隧道深基坑为例,采用现场监测方法,对基坑开挖引起的围护结构位移、锚索应力、支撑轴力的变化规律及施工中遇到的一些问题进行了分析.试验表明:开挖至基底标高时,桩顶和桩身位移达到最大值,桩身最大位移发生在基坑中上部6 m处;随着基坑的开挖,锚索应力呈波浪上升状变化,温度和施工荷载是造成波浪状变化的原因;围护结构位移、锚索应力、支撑轴力与开挖深度具有同步性.监测数据整体稳定,基坑采用的混合支撑方案安全可靠.     

Influence of dynamic pressure on deep underground soft rock roadway support and its application

Due to high ground stress and mining disturbance, the deformation and failure of deep soft rock roadway is serious, and invalidation of the anchor net-anchor cable supporting structure occurs. The failure characteristics of roadways revealed with the help of the ground pressure monitoring. Theoretical analysis was adopted to analyze the influence of mining disturbance on stress distribution in surrounding rock,and the change of stress was also calculated. Considering the change of stress in surrounding rock of bottom extraction roadway, the displacement, plastic zone and distribution law of principal stress difference under different support schemes were studied by means of FLAC3D. The supporting scheme of U-shaped steel was proposed for bottom extraction roadway that underwent mining disturbance. We carried out a similarity model test to verify the effect of support in dynamic pressure. Monitoring results demonstrated the change rules of deformation and stress of surrounding rock in different supporting schemes. The supporting scheme of U-shaped steel had an effective control on deformation of surrounding rock. The scheme was successfully applied in underground engineering practice, and achieved good technical and economic benefits.     

岩石高边坡安全监测及稳定性分析

针对某水电站岩石高边坡的工程实际,为了有效的控制高边坡变形和准确的指导施工,在边坡布设了多套位移计和锚杆应力计,并且进行了边坡变形和应力监测。通过大量的边坡监测资料,并且结合变形、地质、开挖等因素,分析了边坡变形特征及锚杆的锚固效果,监测数据的分析主要采用回归方法进行。监测数据表明,边坡的锚固效果良好,边坡的变形得到了有效的控制。通过此岩石高边坡工程的施工监测,阐明信息化施工可以保证边坡的稳定性,正确指导施工。     

岩质边坡锚杆框架梁加固的有限元分析

针对石家庄至武汉铁路客运专线岩质边坡,采用有限元数值计算方法分析了锚杆（索）框架梁加固岩质边坡的受力情况.得到了边坡位移场和应力场分布规律和锚杆（索）轴向力的大小.计算结果表明：实际工程中采用锚杆、预应力锚索加抗滑桩这种新型的复合式支护结构能有效地限制边坡的水平位移,提高边坡的稳定性,锚索的布置和预应力设计值大小显著影响坡体内部的位移及应力场分布,研究结论对岩质边坡的工程设计具有一定的借鉴意义.