总结经验科学治理促进水土保持和生态环境建设持续发展

山西地处黄土高原，是我国水土流失最严重的省份之一，水土流失的危害和治理难度都很大。新中国成立以来，特别是改革开放二十多年来，山西省委、省政府带领全省人民与水土流失进行了坚持不懈的斗争，生态建设取得显著成就，不仅极大地改变了三晋面貌，改善了自身农业生产条件和生态环境，加快了群众脱贫致富步伐，促进了经济社会可持续发展，而且对周边地区、下游地区的生态环境和经济发展做出     

在全国农村水电工作会议上的总结讲话

同志们：在与会代表的共同努力下，全国农村水电工作会议圆满完成了各项议程。这次会议，陈雷部长亲自出席并作了重要讲话，浙江省茅临生副省长作了热情洋溢的致辞，田中兴局长向大会作了工作报告，通报表扬了148个先进集体和669名先进个人，发布了全国农村水能资源调查评价成果，18个单位作了典型交流发言，与会代表进行了分组讨论。     

构筑大水利 发挥新优势

近年来，准格尔旗水利局认真贯彻落实科学发展观理论，从本地水资源实际出发，紧紧围绕本部门实际，创新水利发展模式，构筑了大水利格局，实现了“四大”根本性转变，从而使全旗水利工作步上了良性发展轨道，为全旗经济社会又好又快发展提供了强劲的水支撑。     

最大熵法风浪谱估计

本文根据太湖风浪观测资料，进行了最大熵法风浪谱估计和传统谱估计方法的分析比较，讨论了最大熵法的原理。结果表明，最大熵法优于传统方法，最大熵法避免了一些不切实际的假设，不需要使用窗函数，减少了谱泄漏，提高了谱估计精度，即使对较短的序列，也能得到较好的谱估计结果，为风浪谱估计提供了一种有效的方法。     

西沟水库溢洪道改建工程设计

西沟水库因年久失修，溢洪道不能满足防洪要求，分析了水库溢洪道现存问题，并结合工程地质情况，在原有基础上溢洪道进行了改建加固，阐述了改建工程的设计方案，该工程实施后，进一步提高了防洪标准，确保水库安全运行。     

江西省土坝除险加固技术

江西省有９０００余座水库工程，其中绝大部分是土石坝，不少水库存在防洪标准低，工程质量差等病险隐患，影响着大坝安全和工程效益的发挥，近十多年来，我省在摸清工程病险情况的前提下，明确责任，分步实施，逐座进行了治理．并且因地制宜，采用针对性的加固处理措施，引进推广应用了先进的经济合理响新技术、新材料，同时在工程实践中不断完善创新，取得了显著的效果，加速了我省土坝的除险加固，提高了工程经济效益．     

秋思

秋思 秋风吹来悠悠的花香，仲秋了。汛期过了，不知水文人的消息。只记得在报汛的日日夜夜，报文记载了他们的功绩。水位、流量、含沙量，水旱安阆的数据信息，点点滴滴，藏在人们心底。风雨测报，酿成了水文人，思念往昔，幸福的回忆。     

中断法脚手架施工在巴家咀塔架浇筑中的应用

在巴家咀水库增建泄洪洞塔架建设中，成功地应用了中断法施工，满足了施工要求，确保了施工的安全渡汛，加快了施工进度，降低了成本，取得了显著的经济效益。     

扎实工作 不断进取 把水政水资源管理推向新阶段

11月15日省水利厅在大庆市召开了全省水政水资源工作座谈会，总结2005年以来的工作，分析和研究当前形势，部署了下一步工作。会上传达了全国水政、水资源和节水型社会建设会议精神，大庆市、齐齐哈尔市做了典型发言，与会者进行了座谈，从不同角度提出了工作建议。会议期间，     

甘肃省抗旱减灾体系建设及其抗旱效益

甘肃省是一个干旱灾害非常严重的省份。新中国成立60年来，甘肃省投入了上百亿资金，修建了大批的水利抗旱工程，建立健全了抗旱管理机构和抗旱服务组织，制订了规章制度，抗旱减灾保障体系已基本形成，为甘肃的抗旱减灾起到了重大作用，抗旱效益比较显著。     

Call for Papers

正As the eldest and most distributed professional journal of water industry,Water Wastewater Engineering(W WE)gained very wide acceptance from the colleagues working in this field in this country since start publication in 1964.Now it is administrated by the Ministry of Construction of the People’s Republic of China and sponsored by the China Civil Engineering Society etc.     

地下厂房施工过程的三维非线性数值模拟分析

根据冗各电站地下厂房开挖支护的施工顺序,以隐式杆单元模拟锚杆,以壳单元模拟混凝土喷层,采用三维非线性有限元技术,对洞室群的开挖支护动态过程进行了模拟计算。通过三维非线性有限元计算分析得到:洞室群动态开挖过程中围岩应力变形的分布规律,围岩塑性区的发展规律,锚杆受力变化情况。计算结果表明:整个开挖过程中,洞周围岩位移变化规律正常,量值较小,塑性区主要分布在洞室周边,围岩稳定性较好;但在洞室交叉口处围岩的变形较大,出现较大范围的塑性区,在此基础上提出了支护措施优化方案,并对优化方案的效果进行了评价。     

Evaluation of freshwater mussel relocation as a conservation and management strategy

The relocation of unionacean mussels is commonly used as a conservation and management tool in large rivers and streams. Relocation has been used to recolonize areas where mussel populations have been eliminated by prior pollution events, to remove mussels from construction zones and to re-establish populations of endangered species. More recently, relocation has been used to protect native freshwater mussels from colonization by the exotic zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha. We conducted a literature review of mussel relocations and evaluated their relative success as a conservation and management strategy. We found that 43% of all relocations were conducted because of construction projects that were forced to comply with the Endangered Species Act 1973 and that only 16% were monitored for five or more consecutive years. Most (43%) relocation projects were conducted from July to September, presumably a period when reproductive stress is relatively low for most species and the metabolic rate is sufficient for reburrowing in the substrate. The mortality of relocated mussels was unreported in 27% of projects; reported mortality varied widely among projects and species and was difficult to assess. The mean mortality of relocated mussels was 49% based on an average recovery rate of 43%. There is little guidance on the methods for relocation or for monitoring the subsequent long-term status of relocated mussels. Based on this evaluation, research is needed to develop criteria for selecting a suitable relocation site and to establish appropriate methods and guidelines for conducting relocation projects.     

基于模型试验的河床砂砾石层基本特性研究

为了经济可靠地确定深厚覆盖层的基本特性参数,以大渡河双江口水电站坝基河床砂砾石层基本特性研究为工程背景,进行大尺寸模型试验,研究河床砂砾石层的旁压模量和动探击数随密度、级配以及上覆压力的变化规律。根据室内模型试验结果,结合现场旁压试验及钻孔试验成果,推断出坝址区河床砂砾石相关层位的密度,并依此进行砂砾石室内力学试验,获得设计所需力学参数。研究成果可为深厚覆盖层基本特性测试提供新的方法。     

SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL WATER QUALITY VARIABILITY IN AQUATIC HABITATS OF A CULTIVATED FLOODPLAIN

The floodplains of lowland rivers contain diverse aquatic habitats that provide valuable ecosystem services but are perturbed when intensively cultivated. Hydrologic, water chemistry and biological (fish) conditions in five aquatic habitats along the Coldwater River, Mississippi, were measured for more than 4 years: the river, two severed meanders that functioned as backwaters, a managed wetland and an ephemeral channel draining cultivated fields. Off‐channel habitats were connected to downstream regions 0.10% to 32% of the dry season and 24% to 67% of the wet season. The median temperatures for the five monitored sites ranged from 18°C to 23°C, the median total solids concentration for all sites was 135 mg L^?1, the median total phosphorus was 0.29 mg L^?1 and the median total nitrogen was 1.56 mg L^?1. Chemical and physical water quality displayed strong seasonal differences between the wet winter/spring and the dry summer/fall periods so that temporal variation consisted of gradual seasonal trends superimposed on strong diurnal variations. All off‐channel habitats exhibited periods of hypoxia and temperatures >30°C during the dry season. Between‐site gradients of water and habitat quality were strongly coupled to water depth and runoff loading. The rehabilitation of one backwater by increasing water depth and diverting agricultural runoff was associated with improved water quality and fish species richness relative to an adjacent untreated backwater. The diversion of polluted runoff and the use of water control structures to maintain greater water depth were observed to be effective management tools, but the former reduces the water supply to habitats that tend to dry up and the latter reduces connectivity. Published in 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型的隧道围岩位移预测

在隧道工程施工中,围岩位移预测起着很重要的作用。将BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型引入到隧道围岩位移预测中来,通过对训练样本的学习,利用BP神经网络实现了对位移时间序列的滚动预测,同时得到了实测值与预测值的相对误差;在此基础上利用马尔科夫链对相对误差进行修正,有效地提高了预测结果的精度。并将该模型应用于某公路隧道拱顶下沉位移时序预测中,结果表明该模型具有精度高、科学可靠的特点,为隧道围岩变形的预测提供了新的途径。     

Short communication. Pipelines as a refuge for freshwater snails

In the lower River Murray, Australia, populations of gastropods have declined markedly over the past 40 years. Of the native fauna of about 18 species, only the ancylid Ferrissia petterdi remains common (but in patches), and another five species feature in sporadic local resurgences. Until recently the viviparid Notopala was thought to be extinct. The introduced physid Physa acuta is widespread, but in low numbers. The decline probably is associated with flow regulation, high turbidity and the introduction of common carp. Snail populations have persisted, however, in irrigation pipelines fed from the river, where they periodically cause blockages. This paper reports the discovery of the only known populaion of Notopala hanleyi in a pipeline where the inner wall accumulates microbial and other organic matter, providing high quality food for snails. In the Murray before regulation most of the periphytic biomass was probably microbial, as fluctuating water levels would have maintained littoral communities in a highly productive, early state of succession his postulated that, by stabilizing seasonal water levels, regulation has promoted the production of filamentous green algae, an inferior food source, and so displaced snail populations from the open aquatic environment.     

Spatio‐temporal variation of gross CO2 and CH4 diffusive emissions from Australian reservoirs and natural aquatic ecosystems,and estimation of net reservoir emissions

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) and methane (CH₄) diffusive emissions were measured during two field surveys in Queensland and Tasmania, Australia, using the floating chamber method. Bubbling and degassing emissions in 2010 were estimated in Koombooloomba Dam reservoir using only inverted funnels and gas concentrations, respectively. A total of 14 reservoirs and 16 rivers and lakes were sampled from 2006 to 2010. Spatial variation was substantial within each water body, as well as between them. The main drivers of diffusive emission variation were physiographic region and climate, with a clear demarcation being observed between diffusive emissions from tropical Queensland and temperate Tasmania, and between the humid West Coast Range (Tasmania) and dry Central Plateau (Tasmania). Higher CO₂ and CH₄ diffusive emissions were observed during the dry season, when long water residence times would promote organic matter degradation. Estimated total gross emissions, including diffusive, bubbling and degassing emissions, for Koombooloomba Dam reservoir were about 1.5 × 10⁶ t CO₂eq km² per year, or 24 × 10⁶ t CO₂eq per year. This corresponds to a plant emission factor of 3.18 kg CO₂eq MWh^?1. Using an estimate of terrestrial emissions derived from literature data for the Tully River catchment area, rough estimated net emissions from the catchment area are about 44 kt CO₂eq per year, or 5.83 kg CO₂eq MWh^?1, which is in the lower range of the studied reservoirs.     

浙江省水域调查录入系统的设计和应用

浙江省水域调查录入系统将调查数据与电子地图相整合,对分类水域数据进行统计计算,并对输入数据进行合理性和完整性检查,得到调查范围内现有水域的详细数据,实现了水域调查数据输入、计算、统计和查询的数字化管理,提高了工作效率和工作质量,为各地下阶段水域保护规划编制和水域管理工作提供了数据支持。对该系统的设计原则、功能和技术设计等作了介绍。     

库水波动下库岸边坡地下水浸润线解析解及误差分析

解析法是库岸边坡地下水浸润线计算中便于实际应用的方法,但该方法须基于若干假定并对潜水运动基本方程线性化后才能求解。针对各假定和线性化过程建立不同的地下水渗流数学模型,用解析法和有限元法解答上述数学模型,分析各误差大小及其规律。结果表明：库岸垂直处理带来的误差要小于方程线性化处理和不考虑非饱和渗流带来的误差,而且它们都随渗透系数变大而减小;在三峡库区库水调度情况下,假定库水位等速变化带来的误差对大多岸坡而言可以忽略;计算库岸边坡地下水浸润线时,解析法只适用于水位变化幅度相比含水层厚度较小,且几何边界规则、岩土结构简单、岩土体渗透性较好时的情况。