NiTi形状记忆合金在蒸馏水介质中的微动磨损特性

NiTi形状记忆合金是一种极具发展前景的医用植入材料.采用SRVⅢ摩擦磨损试验机考察了NiTi形状记忆合金在蒸馏水介质中的微动磨损性能,研究法向载荷对NiTi合金磨损机制的影响规律.利用扫描电子显微镜及能谱仪分析NiTi形状记忆合金表面磨痕形貌及磨损产物成分.用形貌仪测量样品表面磨痕深度,并对磨损体积进行计算.实验结果表明:NiTi合金在蒸馏水介质中的微动磨损摩擦系数、磨损体积均随着载荷的增大而增大.微动磨损失效机制以磨粒磨损以及疲劳剥层断裂为主.     

TC4合金在不同环境介质中微动磨损行为研究

采用SRV-IV微动磨损试验台,研究TC4钛合金在空气和纯水介质中不同位移幅值下的微动磨损行为及其在模拟海水中的微动腐蚀特性,利用扫描电子显微镜和激光共聚焦显微镜分别对磨痕表面形貌、磨损体积及磨痕轮廓进行表征,分析了钛合金在不同环境介质中的微动磨损机制。结果表明:摩擦系数随位移幅值的增大呈现出先增大后减小的趋势,磨损体积随位移幅值的增大而增大;干摩擦条件下,摩擦系数较高且波动剧烈,磨损体积较小,磨损机制主要为磨粒磨损、粘着磨损并伴有氧化磨损;与干摩擦相比,水介质中的摩擦系数较低,磨损体积显著增大,且模拟海水中的摩擦系数更低更稳定,磨损轮廓更深,说明腐蚀与磨损之间存在"正"交互作用;TC4合金在纯水介质中的微动磨损机制主要为疲劳磨损和磨粒磨损,而在模拟海水中的微动磨损机制主要为磨粒磨损和腐蚀磨损。     

TC4合金和P110油管钢摩擦磨损性能的比较

对TC4合金和P110油管钢在不同温度下的摩擦磨损性能进行对比研究,分析其摩擦系数、磨损率和磨痕形貌随温度的变化规律,探讨磨损机制.结果表明:P110油管钢的耐磨性明显优于TC4合金,TC4合金的耐磨性随温度的升高无显著变化,磨痕呈犁沟形貌,在较低温度时的磨损机制为剥层磨损、黏着磨损和疲劳磨损,在较高温度时为剥层磨损、黏着磨损和氧化磨损;P110油管钢耐磨性随温度的升高而降低,在较低温度时磨痕呈磨坑形貌,磨损机制为剥层磨损和磨粒磨损,在较高温度时磨痕形貌呈犁沟形貌,主要为剥层磨损、黏着磨损和氧化磨损.     

SiCp/Mahle142铝基复合材料的油润滑摩擦磨损性能研究

用液态搅拌法制备了SiCp/Mahle142铝基复合材料,研究了2%-15%SiC/Mahle142铝基复合材料和基体合金Mahle142与球墨铸铁对磨时的油润滑摩擦磨损性能.结果表明,SiCp/Mahle142复合材料的油润滑耐磨性随SiCp体积分数的增加而显著提高,在本研究条件下,980N载荷时,15%SiCp/Mahle142铝基复合材料的耐磨性优良,磨损率仅为基体合金的10.3%,而摩擦系数相当;扫描电镜对磨损表面形貌的观察分析表明,SiCp/Mahle142铝基复合材料磨损机制主要表现为磨粒磨损和粘着磨损.     

激光熔凝处理对NiTi形状记忆合金微动磨损性能的影响

采用高功率连续波固体Nd:YAG激光器,对NiTi形状记忆合金进行激光表面熔凝处理,利用SRVⅢ摩擦磨损试验机考察激光熔凝处理对NiTi形状记忆合金微动磨损性能的影响.采用扫描电子显微镜及能谱仪分析NiTi形状记忆合金表面磨痕形貌及磨损产物成分;用形貌仪测量样品表面磨痕深度,并对磨损体积进行计算.结果表明,与NiTi合金相比,熔凝层摩擦系数,磨损体积均显著降低,表明激光熔凝处理提高了Ni-Ti合金的耐微动磨损性能.NiTi合金微动磨损机理主要表现为氧化和磨粒磨损,而Ni-Ti合金激光熔凝层磨损机制主要以疲劳剥层理论及磨粒磨损为主.     

电流密度对ZA43微弧氧化膜层摩擦性能的影响

利用微孤氧化技术在ZA43合金表面原位生成了陶瓷层,通过SEM、XRD和摩擦磨损试验机分析了不同电流密度处理膜层的表面形貌、相组成以及磨损试验后的摩擦学行为和磨痕形貌.结果表明,陶瓷层主要由α-Al2O3和γ-Al2O3相组成;在干摩擦条件下,陶瓷层摩擦系数随电流密度的增加逐渐增大,表明陶瓷层耐磨性随电流密度的增加而降低;电流密度一定时,摩擦系数随载荷的提升而增大.磨损机制以磨粒磨损为主.     

不同环境下AlSiFeMm非晶纳米晶涂层摩擦磨损行为研究

目的研究AlSiFeMm(Mm为镍包混合稀土)非晶纳米晶涂层在干摩擦和3.5%NaCl溶液中的摩擦磨损行为。方法采用Rtec(MFT-3000)往复式磨损试验机测试涂层在干摩擦条件和有腐蚀介质条件下的摩擦磨损性能,使用LEXTOL3000-IR非接触三维表面轮廓仪测定涂层的磨损体积和磨痕的三维形貌,利用扫描电子显微镜对磨痕进行形貌观察和成分分析。结果铝基非晶纳米晶涂层的摩擦系数随着载荷的增加而不断减小。干摩擦条件下,铝基非晶纳米晶涂层的磨损率随着载荷的增加而增大,当磨损速度为10 mm/s、载荷为15 N时,涂层相对耐磨性为6061铝合金的2.5倍,其磨损机制为脆性剥落、磨粒磨损,并伴随氧化磨损。在3.5%NaCl溶液中,涂层的磨损率随着载荷的增加而逐渐降低,当磨损速度为35 mm/s、载荷为30N时,涂层的耐磨性能约为6061铝合金的8倍,其失效机制主要为剥层磨损和腐蚀磨损。结论铝基非晶纳米晶复合涂层在干摩擦和腐蚀介质中均表现出较为优异的耐磨性能,可以作为轻质合金涂层应用于表面防护领域。     

TAMZ和TC4合金在Ringer's模拟体液中的微磨粒磨损行为

采用TE66微磨粒磨损试验机对TC4和TAMZ合金在Ringer's模拟体液中的微磨粒磨损行为进行研究。结果表明:两种合金的磨损体积均随载荷、滑移距离和模拟体液料浆浓度的增加呈增加趋势。TAMZ合金的磨损体积要大于TC4合金的磨损体积。TC4合金磨损后的表面呈现出具有方向性的磨痕;TAMZ合金表面的磨损形貌则是无规则无方向性的磨痕。     

铝合金表面TiN涂层的干摩擦磨损性能研究

采用多弧离子镀技术在铝合金表面沉积了Ti N薄膜。利用球盘摩擦磨损试验仪研究了载荷和转速对Ti N薄膜的摩擦磨损性能的影响。试验以Si3N4为对磨体,磨损半径为5mm,试验环境为室温。结果表明:存在一临界载荷,使得摩擦系数和磨损量产生突变;转速增加,摩擦因数基本不变,但磨合时间有所缩短。利用SEM观察磨痕形貌,对磨损机理进行了分析。随着载荷和转速的增加,Ti N薄膜的磨损机制从轻微粘着磨损逐步向磨粒磨损转变。     

载荷对金属/织构化三元乙丙密封副摩擦学性能的影响

目的 提高三元乙丙/金属动密封的抗磨性能,揭示织构化橡胶在不同载荷下的磨损机理和损伤演变规律.方法 采用激光打标器在三元乙丙橡胶表面加工规则凹坑阵列,与金属小钢球组成摩擦副,并利用UMT-2摩擦磨损试验机进行摩擦实验,研究不同载荷下织构化三元乙丙橡胶试样的摩擦学特性.通过分析摩擦系数和磨损率等获得实验过程的摩擦学信息,再利用场发射扫描电子显微镜和白光干涉三维表面轮廓仪对磨痕和磨屑进行表面微观分析,并对磨损区域进行三维形貌重组.结果 随着载荷的增加,磨损量都有上升趋势,无织构三元乙丙试件的摩擦系数呈下降趋势,织构化表面摩擦系数先减小、后增大.在载荷为35 N时,织构的摩擦学性能最好,相较于无织构试样,其磨损量下降了33.4％,摩擦系数下降了24.2％,表面粗糙度为245 nm;载荷为80 N时,织构的引入会加剧磨损,表面粗糙度达到了1.12×104 nm.通过观察磨损表面和磨屑形貌得出,在中低载荷下,表面织构可以有效减少腐蚀磨损和粘着磨损;在高载荷下,织构的磨损机理变为磨粒磨损.结论 总体而言,在合适的载荷下,织构化处理可以有效地改善三元乙丙的摩擦性能,但高载荷下织构会增大磨损.     

X-ray diffraction study of Ba0.985Na0.015Ti0.985Nb0.015O3, Ba0.6Na0.4Ti0.6Nb0.4O3 and Ba0.3Na0.7Ti0.3Nb0.7O3 compositions

The Ba_0.985Na_0.015Ti_0.985Nb_0.015O₃, Ba_0.6Na_0.4Ti_0.6Nb_0.4O₃ and Ba_0.3Na_0.7Ti_0.3Nb_0.7O₃ compositions of the (1 − x) BaTiO₃–xNaNbO₃ (BTNNx) system have been studied by X-ray diffraction and by measurements of dielectric properties. The specimens with composition BTNN (x = 0.015, 0.40 and 0.70) have been refined by the JANA program from X-ray powder diffraction data. Ceramic samples with composition (1 − x) BaTiO₃ + xNaNbO₃ (where x = 0.015, 0.40 and 0.70) were prepared by calcinations from appropriate mixture of BaCO₃, TiO₂, Na₂CO₃ and Nb₂O₅. The calcined powder was sintered at temperature range 1200–1400 °C. As the composition x increased from 0.015 (and 0.70), the ferroelectric ceramics (x = 0.015, FE) with tetragonal phase changed to the ferroelectric relaxors (RFE, x = 0.40). RFE ceramics showed a peculiar diffuse phase transition and dielectric relaxation at the low temperature (down to 180 K) due to a frustration between RFE and FE state. These ceramics present the classical ferroelectric character when 0 ≤ x < 0.075 and 0.55 < x ≤ 1 and relaxor character when 0.075 ≤ x ≤ 0.55.     

Magnetic, electrical and plastic properties of Fe76Nb2Si13B9, Fe75Ag1Nb2Si13B9 and Fe75Cu1Nb2Si13B9 amorphous alloys

Influence of 1 h annealing in vacuum on magnetic, electrical and plastic properties of Fe₇₆Nb₂Si₁₃B₉, Fe₇₅Ag₁Nb₂Si₁₃B₉ and Fe₇₅Cu₁Nb₂Si₁₃B₉ melt spun ribbons were carefully investigated. It was shown that in all cases soft magnetic properties can be significantly enhanced by applying 1-h annealing at characteristic temperatures T_op. This optimization annealing causes that permeability increases more than 15-times and magnetic losses (tangent of loss angle) achieves a minimum in relation to the as quenched state. Using structural examinations (X-ray and HRTEM) it was shown that for the Fe₇₅Cu₁Nb₂Si₁₃B₉ alloy the optimized microstructure corresponds to a nanocrystalline αFe(Si) phase whereas in other alloys to a relaxed amorphous phase free of iron nanograins. As a consequence of this fact the Fe₇₆Nb₂Si₁₃B₉ and Fe₇₅Ag₁Nb₂Si₁₃B₉ alloys show higher plasticity in comparison to the nanocrystalline Fe₇₅Cu₁Nb₂Si₁₃B₉ alloy. Temperatures of the first stage of crystallization, and related diffusion parameters were determined using measurements of resistivity versus temperature with different heating rates.     

Fe2+-Ni2+-NH3-NH4+-C2O42-H2O体系的沉淀配合平衡热力学

针对草酸盐配位共沉淀热分解还原法制备超细铁镍合金粉过程中Fe2+-Ni2+-NH3-NH4+-C2O42--H2O体系的溶液平衡建立热力学分析模型,并根据模型进行相关计算,揭示反应体系中各物质随pH值、氨及草酸浓度的变化关系。结果表明:溶液中的Fe主要以[Fe(C2O4)n]2 2n络合物形式存在,而铁氨络合物含量很低。当氨含量较低时,溶液中的Ni主要以[Ni(C2O4)n]2 2n存在;氨含量较高时,在酸性条件下,溶液中的Ni主要以[Ni(C2O4)n]2 2n存在,在碱性条件下,则主要以[Ni(NH3)n]2+存在。低pH值下,Ni的沉淀率较Fe的高,而高pH值下,Ni的沉淀率则较Fe的低。     

Thermodynamics and phase diagrams in the binary systems Na2O-SiO2, Na2O-GeO2, Na2O-B2O3, Li2O-B2O3, CaO-B2O3, SrO-B2O3, and BaO-B2O3

We applied our model to the enthalpy of mixing data of the binary systems Na₂O-SiO₂, Na₂O-GeO₂, Na₂O-B₂O₃, Li₂O-B₂O₃, CaO-B₂O₃, SrO-B₂O₃, and BaO-B₂O₃. The most stable composition in the liquid, that is where the enthalpy of mixing is most negative, is with a metal-oxygen ratio of 4 to 3, for monovalent metals (Na and Li) and 3 to 4 for divalent metals (Ba and Ca) in liquid silicates or borates. The same applies to the CaO-SiO₂, CaO-Al₂O₃, PbO-B₂O₃, PbO-SiO₂, ZnO-B₂O₃, and ZnO-SiO₂ systems. The oxygen to metal ratio, its constant value in various types of systems, reflects and describes the structure of the liquid. Using the analyzed enthalpies of mixing data and the available phase diagrams, we calculated the enthalpies of formation of the various binary compounds. The results are in excellent agreement with data in the literature that were obtained from direct solid-solid calorimetry.     

New Zr6CoAs2-type compounds: Y6CoBi2, Ho6CoBi2 and Tm6CoBi2

Results of a powder X-ray diffraction investigation of new ternary compounds are reported. The compounds Y₆CoBi₂ [a=0.8312(1) nm, c=0.4144(1) nm], Ho₆CoBi₂ [a=0.8246(2) nm, c=0.4095(1) nm], and Tm₆CoBi₂ [a=0.8155(2) nm, c=0.4066(1) nm] crystallize in the hexagonal Zr₆CoAs₂-type structure (space group P6b2m No. 189). The Zr₆CoAs₂-type structure is a superstructure of the Fe₂P-type structure.     

Zur Kenntnis von RbBa3Ca4Cu3V7O28

Single crystals of RbBa₃Ca₄Cu₃V₇O₂₈ were prepared above the melting point of the reaction mixture. It crystallizes with hexagonal symmetry, space group C_6V⁴-P6₃mc, a 11.1751, c 12.434 Å, Z = 2. RbBa₃Ca₄Cu₃V₇O₂₈ is the second member of a new structure type of the copper-oxovanadates. Ba²⁺ shows an unusual 12-fold coordination. The two calcium positions are coordinated by trigonal prisms and octahedra respectively. The copper coordination is characterized by a stretched square pyramid. The Cu²⁺ ions are outside the centre nearly in plane of the pyramids.

Zusammenfassung

Einkristalle von RbBa₃Ca₄Cu₃V₇O₂₈ wurden oberhalb des Schmelzpunktes der Reaktionsmischung erhalten. Die Verbindung kristallisiert hexagonal, Raumgruppe C_6V⁴-P6₃mc, a 11.1751, c 12.434 Å, Z = 2. RbBa₃Ca₄Cu₃V₇O₂₈ ist das zweite Beispiel für einen neuen Strukturtyp der Kupfer-Oxovanadate, mit 12-fach koordinierten Ba²⁺ -Ionen. Die zwei Calciumpositionen sind trigonal prismatisch bzw. oktaedrisch koordiniert. Die Koordination der Cu²⁺-Ionen ist durch eine gestreckte Pyramide charakterisiert. Cu²⁺ ist auβerhalb des Polyederzentrums nahezu in der quadratischen Fläche der Pyramide angeordnet.     

Al2O3-Sm2O3-CeO2电解质的性能（英文）

采用溶胶-凝胶法和低温燃烧技术制备Ce1-xSmxO2（x=0,0.1,0.2,0.3）和掺杂Sm和（2%-8%）Al2O3的二氧化铈;研究其合成、结构、致密化、导电性和热膨胀等性能,并利用XRD研究其结构和相组成。结果表明,于1300°C烧结球团,获得致密的陶瓷,于1250°C在Ce0.8Sm0.2O0.2中加入2%和4%的Al2O3以促进烧结。利用扫描电子显微镜观察烧结后球团的表面形貌,使用双探针交流阻抗谱研究总离子电导率。     

电弧喷涂制备Fe65Cr20Mo7B3.5SiMn1.5W3涂层

在Q235低碳钢板上利用电弧喷涂工艺进行喷涂,以制得Fe65Cr20Mo7B3.5SiMn1.5W3涂层。喷涂材料为自行配制的丝材,按照35%的填充率将配好的粉填充到U型不锈钢外皮中,经过多道拉拔、挤压工艺制成Φ2mm的粉芯丝材。采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜、能谱分析仪、透射电镜对涂层的物相和组织形貌及成分进行了表征;采用差示扫描量热仪、显微硬度仪等设备对涂层的热稳定性及显微硬度进行了检测和分析。试验结果表明:涂层组织形貌呈典型的层状组织结构,由变形良好的带状粒子相互搭接堆积而成。涂层含有50.63%的非晶相,同时含有纳米级的晶相。涂层组织均匀、结构致密、孔隙率低,并且涂层硬度高达1040.5HV0.3,属硬质涂层,具有良好的热稳定性。     

Synthesis and electrochemical properties of LiNi0.4Mn1.5Cr0.1O4 and Li4Ti5O12

Spinel compound LiNi_0.4Mn_1.5Cr_0.1O₄ (LNMCO) and Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ (LTO) were synthesized by the sol-gel method and the solid-state method, respectively. The particle sizes of the products LiNi_0.4Mn_1.5Cr_0.1O₄ and Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ were 0.5 to 2 um and 0.5 to 0.8 um, respectively. All samples exhibited excellent electrochemical properties. A LiNi_0.4Mn_1.5Cr_0.1O₄/Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ (LNMCO/LTO) cell was fabricated and was demonstrated to exhibit good electrochemical properties at the high current rate of 1 C. When the specific capacity was determined based on the mass of the LNMCO cathode, the LNMCO/LTO cell delivered 125 mAh g⁻¹ at 1 C and 77 mAh g⁻¹ at 5 C. The capacity retentions after 30 cycles were 94.4 % and 83.1 %, respectively.