二次晶化法修饰改性钛硅分子筛及催化环己酮氨氧化反应

采用无机钛硅原料合成了钛硅分子筛TS-1,经酸处理后对合成的钛硅分子筛TS-1进行二次晶化修饰改性.用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、傅立叶红外光谱(FT-IR)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对二次晶化后的钛硅分子筛进行表征,发现晶粒变小,钛进入了分子筛的骨架中.考察了二次晶化后的催化剂对环己酮氨氧化反应的催化性能.结果表明,二次晶化法可提高TS-1分子筛的催化性能,在氨、环己酮和过氧化氢的物质的量之比为2.0∶1.0∶1.5、催化剂用量为18 g/mol和75 ℃的条件下,反应4 h后,过氧化氢的转化率、环己酮的转化率和环己酮肟的收率分别为98.12%,97.07%和93.33%.     

钛硅分子筛催化丙烯环氧化工艺研究

以钛硅分子筛TS-2为催化剂,过氧化氢为氧化剂,甲醇为溶剂,研究TS-2催化剂催化丙烯生成环氧丙烷.考察了停留时间、反应温度、反应压力和催化剂用量对环氧丙烷收率和选择性的影响.实验结果表明,合适的反应条件为50℃,0.30 MPa,催化剂用量为反应物质量的3.44%,停留时间90 min.在该条件下反应,过氧化氢的平均转化率和环氧丙烷的选择性分别为45%和96%左右.TS-2催化剂的重复使用实验表明,TS-2催化剂在催化丙烯环氧化制环氧丙烷的反应中具有较好的催化活性和稳定性.     

大颗粒廉价TS-1制备及其在KA油生产中应用

分别以硅溶胶和三氯化钛(TiCl_3)作为硅源与钛源、以四丙基溴化胺(TPABr)为模板剂,制备了一系列低成本的大颗粒钛硅分子筛(TS-1)。使用XRD,FTIR,UV-vis,SEM,N_2吸附-脱附等技术对催化剂进行表征,研究了结晶温度和碱度对TS-1的结构与催化性能的影响。评估了催化剂对于环己烷氧化制备KA油(环己醇和环己酮)的催化活性,考察了不同氧化剂用量和催化剂用量下KA油的产率。结果表明:以TS-1-5为催化剂,在最佳反应条件下KA油的产率达到了23.0%,选择性为97.8%,催化剂在重复使用4次后的活性与结构没有发生明显变化。这种大颗粒的TS-1可以在10 min内通过自然沉降从反应体系中分离,而传统钛硅分子筛至少需要5 h。     

丁酮合成丁酮肟的研究

在常压条件下,对以钛硅分子筛TS-1为催化剂催化丁酮氨氧化反应制取丁酮肟的过程进行研究。考察了TS-1催化剂的用量、酮氨物质的量比、双氧水用量、反应温度、反应时间对反应过程中丁酮的转化率和丁酮肟选择性的影响。实验结果表明,常压条件下最佳工艺条件为:过氧化氢与氨水采用连续进料的方式,TS-1催化剂的用量为10.0 g/mol,进料物质的量比为氨水∶丁酮∶双氧水=3∶1∶1.5,反应时间为3 h,反应温度为70℃。此时,丁酮的转化率为82.38%,丁酮肟的选择性为98.18%。     

Ag助剂对丙烯气相环氧化Au/TS-1-B催化剂性能的影响

以堵孔钛硅分子筛(TS-1-B)为载体,通过沉积-沉淀法制备了金催化剂(Au/TS-1-B)和金-银双金属催化剂(Au-Ag/TS-1-B),考察两个催化剂在丙烯气相环氧化反应中的稳定性,并利用HRTEM、Py-GC-MS和UV-vis DRS等手段对金属颗粒粒径变化、结焦量及结焦种类等进行了表征。结果表明,Ag的引入显著降低了催化剂表面焦类物质总量和结焦中低聚烯烃的相对含量,从而显著提升了催化剂的稳定性。     

碱用量对TPABr-乙胺体系合成TS-1分子筛结晶和催化性能的影响

以无机钛硅为原料、四丙基溴化铵(TPABr)为模板剂、乙胺水溶液为碱源的TPABr-乙胺体系合成钛硅分子筛TS-1,研究了碱用量对TS-1分子筛结晶和催化性能的影响。利用FT-IR、XRD、UV-Vis和SEM等对TS-1分子筛的结晶情况进行了表征。以催化烯丙醇环氧化为探针反应,研究碱用量对TS-1分子筛催化性能的影响。在硅源、碱源摩尔比1∶1.9与1∶0.25之间调节碱加入量,结果表明,TPABr-乙胺体系法合成的样品,具有典型的MFI特征结构。合成出的TS-1分子筛晶体呈长方体形,长度约为4.4~8.8μm。碱用量减少得到的TS-1催化剂样品的相对结晶度低;当碱用量降低至0.25时,得到无定形态粉末;碱用量增多合成的TS-1分子筛样品相对结晶度高,非骨架钛物种和锐钛矿含量减少,晶粒的尺寸缩小,催化丙烯醇氧化产物的选择性显著提高,达到98%。     

表面改性未焙烧TS-1固载金催化丙烯氢氧环氧化反应性能研究

采用四丙基氢氧化铵（TPAOH）溶液对未焙烧钛硅分子筛TS-1（TS-1-B）进行二次晶化改性,以尿素为沉淀剂通过沉积-沉淀法制备改性和非改性的TS-1-B固载Au纳米催化剂,对比研究这两种催化剂丙烯氢氧环氧化反应性能的差异,阐明二次晶化改性对TS-1-B表面结构及催化行为的影响。结果表明：二次晶化改性提高了TS-1-B结晶度,降低了缺陷位硅羟基数量;改性的TS-1-B表面疏水性的提高有助于抑制产物环氧丙烷（PO）在羟基位点上吸附,其固载的金催化剂表现出显著提高的稳定性和活性。此外,对该催化剂的动力学行为也进行了研究,并计算了主/副产物生成活化能。     

钛硅分子筛TS-1合成及催化环己酮氨氧化的研究进展

钛硅分子筛TS- 1催化的环己酮氨氧化反应是一个绿色过程。介绍了TS- 1分子筛的合成、TS- 1分子筛催化的环己酮氨氧化及环己酮氨氧化与过氧化氢生产的集成。指出提高催化剂的性能、降低其生产成本是今后研究的重点 ,绿色氧化剂过氧化氢的生产与氨氧化过程的集成是今后环己酮肟生产的发展方向     

碱改性TS-1分子筛在环己酮氨肟化反应的应用

以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为硅源,四丙基氢氧化铵(TPAOH)为模板剂,钛酸四丁酯(TBOT)为钛源,采用水热合成法制备钛硅分子筛TS-1。使用四丙基氢氧化铵对TS-1进行改性,并将TS-1应用于催化环己酮氨肟化反应。采用BET、SEM、XRD、FT-IR和TG等技术表征样品。结果表明TPAOH改性可以使TS-1形成较多的中孔和较多的空洞,这些中孔和凹陷的形成减少了反应物和产物的扩散阻力,所以TS-1催化剂寿命得到提高。而失活的原因是副产物沉积导致催化剂孔道堵塞。     

二次晶化法合成高钛含量TS-1分子筛及其催化性能评价

以正硅酸乙酯为硅源、钛酸丁酯为钛源、四丙基氢氧化铵(TPAOH)为模板剂,采用二次晶化法在TPAOH/SiO_2=0.1时合成不同硅钛比的TS-1分子筛,通过XRD、FTIR、UV-Vis、SEM等对TS-1分子筛的结构和形貌进行表征,并以苯酚羟基化反应为探针反应考察其催化性能。结果表明,胶液中硅钛比相同时,二次晶化法合成的TS-1分子筛骨架钛含量高于传统方法,且随着胶液中钛含量的增加,骨架钛含量呈增加趋势;当硅钛比为20时,骨架钛含量达到饱和,多余钛原子以锐钛矿形式聚集;TS-1分子筛粒径较小,为200~300nm。由于骨架钛含量高、粒径小,TS-1分子筛在苯酚羟基化反应中表现出较好的催化性能,当硅钛比为20时,苯酚转化率达到最高,为27.30%。     

纳米Au-Pd@Ce修饰介孔磷酸铝的制备及其催化氧化环己烷性能

采用水热合成法制备Ce修饰介孔磷酸铝,再通过原位还原法负载纳米Au-Pd制备催化剂;通过以空气为氧化剂的环己烷选择性氧化反应测试催化剂的催化性能,并考察水热温度、Ce掺杂量、负载贵金属对催化剂催化氧化环己烷的的影响。结果表明,以140℃水热制备的Ce掺杂质量分数为0. 15%的Ce0. 15-APO(140)负载Au-Pd双金属(Au与Pd质量比3∶1)催化剂活性最高。在反应温度120℃,空气压力1 MPa和反应1 h的条件下,环己醇+酮的产率可达11. 81%,选择性达99%,催化剂在同样条件下循环使用5次,活性无明显下降。     

Biosynthesized Au/TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript>@SBA-15 catalysts for selective oxidation of cyclohexane with O<Subscript>2</Subscript>

A variety of TiO₂@SBA-15 supporters with various TiO₂ loadings were synthesized using a facile sol-gel method. Gold (Au)-based catalysts were prepared with an environmentally benign and economical bioreduction method via Cacumen Platycladi (CP) leaf extract and immobilized on various TiO₂@SBA-15 supporters with different TiO₂ loadings. The as-prepared biosynthesized Au catalysts were applied in the liquid-phase cyclohexane oxidation. The results showed that the Au nanoparticles were well-dispersed on TiO₂@SBA-15, and the Au existed as Au⁰. These biosynthesized Au catalysts are promising for cyclohexane oxidation, achieving a turnover frequency up to 3,426 h^?1 with a 14.1% cyclohexane conversion rate.     

Direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide from H2 and O2 and in situ oxidation using zeolite-supported catalysts

Four microporous materials, zeolites HZSM-5, Y, Beta and TS-1, were used as the supports to prepare supported gold catalysts using impregnation or deposition precipitation. The gold catalysts were tested in the direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide from H₂ and O₂ and for CO oxidation. The effect on the catalytic activity of different metal (e.g., Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, Rh or Ru) on the synthesis of hydrogen peroxide was also tested. Organic substrates, such as cyclohexane or cyclooctene, were introduced to investigate the possibility of in situ H₂O₂ oxidation with these catalysts.     

Direct epoxidation of propylene with hydrogen peroxide over TS-1 catalysts: Effect of hydrophobicity of the catalysts

TS-1 (titanium silicalite-1) catalysts were hydrothermally synthesized in the presence of polymethylmethacrylate bead (denoted as TS-1_PMMA) and polystyrene bead (denoted as TS-1_PS) for use in the direct epoxidation of propylene with hydrogen peroxide. TS-1 catalyst was also synthesized by a hydrothermal method in the absence of polymer bead. It was revealed that TS-1_PMMA and TS-1_PS catalysts showed a better catalytic performance than TS-1 catalyst in terms of conversion of hydrogen peroxide, selectivity for propylene oxide, and yield for propylene oxide, due to their enhanced hydrophobicity. Among three catalysts, TS-1_PS with the highest hydrophobicity showed the best catalytic performance.     

New approaches to designing selective oxidation catalysts: Au/C a versatile catalyst

Selective oxidation is of key importance in the synthesis of chemical intermediates. For many years a number of oxides and supported metal catalysts have been used. The key questions involved in the design of selective oxidation catalysts are discussed in the initial part of this paper. One of the most exciting recent developments in the field of selective oxidation has been the discovery that supported gold catalysts are active. The second part of the paper discusses Au/C catalysts, which are shown to be particularly versatile for oxidation reactions. Four examples of selective oxidation are described using molecular oxygen as oxidant: (a) selective oxidation of glycerol to glycerate in the presence of base; (b) the oxidation of cyclohexane to cyclohexanol and cyclohexanane in the presence of a radical initiator; (c) the oxidation of hydrogen to hydrogen peroxide, and (d) the oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde under solvent free conditions. In contrast, the Au/C catalysts are not active for oxidation of carbon monoxide at ambient temperature. These examples demonstrate that there exists a rich potential for Au/C as a selective oxidation catalyst and that research efforts should now be focussed on selective oxidation using supported gold catalysts.     

Synthesis, Characterization of Ag/MCM-41 and the Catalytic Performance for Liquid-phase Oxidation of Cyclohexane

Nano-scale silver supported mesoporous molecular sieve Ag/MCM-41 was directly prepared by one-pot synthesis method. The prepared sample was characterized by XRD, TEM, and N₂ sorption. The results showed that the sample of Ag/MCM-41 had no appreciable incorporation of silver into the mesoporous matrix of MCM-41 with good crystallinity, and silver nanoparticles were dispersed inside or outside of the channels in the mesoporous host. The catalytic performance of the sample for the cyclohexane liquid-phase oxidation into cyclohexanone and cyclohexanol by oxygen in the absence of solvents without inducing agents was investigated. The 83.4% selectivity to cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone at 10.7% conversion of cyclohexane was obtained over Ag/MCM-41 catalyst at 428 K for 3 h. The turn over numbers (TONs) of Ag/MCM-41 was up to 2946. The catalytic activity of Ag/MCM-41 was also compared with Ag/TS-1 as well as Ag/Al₂O₃. The results indicated that Ag/MCM-41 showed superior activity to both Ag/TS-1 and Ag/Al₂O₃. A calcined Ag/MCM-41 was found to be an efficient catalyst for the cyclohexane oxidation into cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone using oxygen as oxidant.     

Ag助剂对丙烯气相环氧化Au/TS-1-B催化剂性能的影响

以堵孔钛硅分子筛（TS-1-B）为载体,通过沉积-沉淀法制备了金催化剂（Au/TS-1-B）和金-银双金属催化剂（Au-Ag/TS-1-B）,考察两个催化剂在丙烯气相环氧化反应中的稳定性,并利用HRTEM、Py-GC-MS和UV-vis DRS等手段对金属颗粒粒径变化、结焦量及结焦种类等进行了表征。结果表明,Ag的引入显著降低了催化剂表面焦类物质总量和结焦中低聚烯烃的相对含量,从而显著提升了催化剂的稳定性。     

钛硅分子筛TS-1的合成改性及其催化功能

钛硅分子筛TS-1由于其优异的催化氧化性能而受到极大关注,TS-1的制备及基础研究是催化领域的一个热点。本文重点综述了近年来钛硅分子筛催化材料的合成、改性及其催化应用的研究进展,包括钛硅分子筛(TS-1)的水热合成方法和同晶取代合成法、改性、成型与负载以及钛硅分子筛催化氧化功能和酸催化功能的研究。     

Synthesis and catalytic properties of TS-1 with mesoporous/microporous hierarchical structures obtained in the presence of amphiphilic organosilanes

Titanosilicates TS-1 with mesoporous/microporous hierarchical structures have been synthesized in the presence of an organosilane surfactant. Highly porous crystals, with regular pores of ca. 2.5–3.5 nm diameter, are obtained under hydrothermal conditions similar to those used for the preparation of conventional catalysts. The organosilane has a great influence on the textural properties of TS-1, but does not significantly affect the amount and coordination of Ti species in the framework. Mesoporous TS-1 have been used as catalysts in various oxidation reactions with an aqueous H₂O₂ and their activity has been compared with those of a conventional TS-1 and a mesoporous amorphous TiMCM-41. Data show that mesoporous TS-1 does not possess the expected properties for hierarchical catalysts, i.e. the properties of the conventional catalysts with advantages of mesoporous solids. In particular, the gain in diffusion due to intracrystalline mesopores is totally inhibited by the increase of the hydrophilic character of the zeolite, resulting from very high silanol group populations on the external surface.     

Synthesis and characterization of zirconium silicalite-1

Zirconium silicalite-1 (ZS-1) catalysts with MFI structure were prepared using a hydrothermal synthesis method. XRD, SEM, IR,²⁹Si MAS NMR, UV-VIS DRS, physical adsorption of nitrogen, and elemental analysis were then performed to evaluate its physico-chemical properties, and evidences of Zr⁴⁺ incorporation into the zeolite framework were provided : The unit cell volume of zirconium silicalite-1 increased linearly with increases in zirconium content, and the characteristic framework i.r. spectra shifted to lower frequencies as Zr⁴⁺ was incorporated into the silicalite-1 lattice. For its catalytic reaction test, liquid phase 2-butanol oxidation using hydrogen peroxide as an oxidant was carried out. All of the zirconium silicalite-1 samples synthesized were active for the 2-butanol oxidation, but activities obtained using ZS-1 catalysts were lower than TS-1 catalyst. Zirconium in the zeolite frameworkwas found to be the active site for the 2-butanol oxidation.