不同渣型的铜熔炼中冰铜品位对伴生元素分配行为的影响

利用已开发的多相多成份系统平衡计算模型,对铜熔炼过程进行了模拟,研究了冰铜品位对伴生元素Ｎｉ、Ｃｏ、Ｓｎ、Ｐｂ、Ｚｎ、Ａｓ、Ｓｂ和Ｂｉ在造硅酸铁炉渣和铁酸钙炉渣的铜熔炼体系中分配行为的影响．结果表明：在生产高品位冰铜时,Ａｓ、Ｓｂ和Ｂｉ的脱除率较低,铁酸钙炉渣对脱除有害杂质Ａｓ和Ｓｂ比硅酸铁炉渣有效得多,Ｎｉ、Ｃｏ、Ｐｂ和Ｚｎ则大量进入这两种渣中,得以脱除．     

常压水煤气部分甲烷化工艺过程的探讨

本文从热力学的观点出发，探讨了气体成份对常压水煤气部分甲烷化工艺过程中一氧化碳转化率、甲烷产率的影响。经计算表明，欲使煤气热值不低于１４６５０ｋＪ／Ｎｍ３，则Ｈ２／ＣＯ值需控制在１．４以上。     

计算机辅助模拟计算热力学函数

采用热力学函数法进行化工过程的热力学计算，是化工生产过程热力学分析的基础；本文讨论了采用Microsoft Office 2003中的Microsoft Excel数据库、Visual BASIC 6．0编程语言辅助模拟计算纯组分气体的热力学函数的基本方法；VB6．0模拟计算程序已在Pentium-4微型计算机上调试运行通过。     

基于元素势的多相平衡计算及在铜冶炼中的应用

针对冶金领域中多相反应体系的高效可靠计算问题,运用最小吉布斯函数原理和元素势概念,推导了基于元素势的多相平衡计算方程,分析讨论了其算法优点. 以铜闪速熔炼生产过程为研究对象,采用实际生产数据,运用该算法进行了多相反应平衡计算分析,结果表明,求解过程迅速可靠,计算结果与生产实际较为吻合,对于熔炼过程三大控制目标中的铜锍品位和渣中铁硅比,计算相对误差分别为0.067%和1.05%,完全满足实际生产控制精度要求.     

水泥熟料生产过程中的化学反应（英文）

硅酸盐水泥熟料生产是一个化学反应过程,与地质、冶金和制陶业等的制备过程一样遵循相同的物理化学变化原理。在这些学科中,平衡相图是一种阐述高温反应、微观结构形成,特别是冷却过程的有效方法,而热力学数据可以用来预测和测量各相的相对稳定性和微量组分对固溶体的影响。掌握微量组分的替代机理及其在主要相中的占位情况是进行准确热力学计算的先决条件。微量组分的分布也影响熟料相的相对含量。     

镍铜废渣联产硫酸镍硫酸铜氧化铁红工艺研究

介绍了利用冶炼后镍、铜废渣生产工业硫酸镍、硫酸铜、氧化铁红的生产过程。采用加压氧化原理，在高温高压的条件下，通过控制操作条件，首先将镍选择性地从矿渣中强化浸出，然后再把铜浸取出来，保留终渣三氧化二铁。回收渣中的镍、铜，回收率达98．4％。实验结果表明产品质量达到国家优等品标准。     

用热力学函数计算相图主要方法的综述

本文综述了使用热力学函数进行相图计算的各类主要方法，其中涉及到计算相图的几个主要原理：体系自由能最小化的方法、平衡各相中的组元i偏摩尔自由能相等的方法和自由能曲线直接构筑的方法。并且对计算相图的研究观状和前景提出了一些看法。     

过程的热力学分析

本文研究从热力学观点计称实际过程的方法。不需要新的基础概念;此法是造立在结合热力学第一定律与第二定律的基础上。尽管许多热力学计算是建立在理想条件的假定上(即可逆过程),然而实际或不可逆过程是服从热力学分析的。这样分析的目的是决定能量利用的总效率及计禄过程中无效的各个步骤。能量消耗在任何生产操作中都有意义。若要研究降低所需能量,首先确定的是在什么地方有多少能量通过过程的不可逆性被抛弃掉。     

镧镍铁锰吸氢合金的化学法制备

本文用共沉淀还原扩散法制备四元镧镍系吸氢合金，借助ＸＲＤ等技术探讨了ＬａＮｉ_４Ｆｅ_０．５Ｍｎ_０．５的制备过程，确定了合适的制备条件，并与熔炼法进行了比较。     

细胞培养生产的紫草色素与天然紫草色素理化性质比较

对细胞培养生产的紫草色素与天然紫草色素进行了理化性质比较研究，结果表明，两者的耐热性、耐氧化性及不同ｐＨ值条件下颜色的变化无明显差异，而耐还原性则具显著差异。此外，还对细胞培养生产的紫草色素和天然紫草色素的组成成份进行了ＴＬＣ和ＨＰＬＣ分析，发现两者组成成份基本一致，只是相对含量具一定差异．     

Multiphase isenthalpic flash: General approach and its adaptation to thermal recovery of heavy oil

Isenthalpic flash is a basic equilibrium calculation in process simulation. The recent interest in isenthalpic multiphase flash is mainly caused by the need for simulating thermal recovery of heavy oil. We present here systematic solutions to multiphase isenthalpic flash with full thermodynamics (such as EoS models) or with correlations for K-factors, and discuss how to tailor the general methods to systems encountered in thermal recovery of heavy oil. First, for the general situation with full thermodynamics we recommend a solution strategy which uses Newton's method for rapid convergence in the majority of cases and Q-function maximization to safeguard convergence when Newton's method fails. The solution procedure is a generalization of Michelsen's state function based two-phase flash to multiple phases. The general solution does not need special considerations for the components in the system and is not limited to the selected thermodynamic models and the number of phases. For thermal recovery processes where gas, oil, and aqueous phases are typically involved, the stability analysis and initialization steps are tailored to improve the efficiency. Second, as it is quite common in thermal reservoir simulators to describe phase equilibrium and heat properties with temperature-dependent K-factors and separate correlations for heat capacities, we propose a formulation as an extension of the ideal solution isothermal flash formulation to solve such problems. It uses a Newton–Raphson procedure to converge in the majority of cases and a nested loop procedure with the outer loop for a temperature search as a fallback approach for convergence. If the correlations for K-factors and for heat capacities are thermodynamically consistent, the outer loop can be treated as a maximization. Finally, we present systematic tests of the proposed algorithms using examples with full thermodynamics or K-factor based thermodynamics. The algorithms prove robust and efficient even in challenging cases including a narrow-boiling system, a degenerate system, and a four-phase system. The additional computational cost relative to the corresponding isothermal flash is modest and would be suitable for the purpose of thermal reservoir simulation. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 65: 281–293, 2019     

基于智能融合策略的冰铜品位预测模型

针对铜闪速熔炼过程中冰铜品位检测的重要性,根据多相多组分数学模型建立冰铜品位的机理模型;同时该过程具有大滞后、非线性等复杂特性,利用现场的大量生产数据建立模糊神经网络模型,并提出一种新的网络参数学习的受约束梯度下降算法,提高其参数学习效率.基于模糊逻辑的智能协调器根据实际生产条件融合两种模型的输出作为预测结果.工业数据验证表明,智能融合模型比单一模型更能有效地实现冰铜品位的准确预测,为铜闪速熔炼过程的优化控制提供有力的指导.     

闪速炉用镁铬砖的研制与应用

简要介绍了闪速炉用耐火材料国产化工作的现状 ,阐述了闪速炉用镁铬砖的研制、使用和损毁情况。认为现在完全可以实现闪速炉用耐火材料的国产化     

平流多效蒸发系统的数学模型与求解

为了充分利用能量,采用冷凝水闪蒸、引出额外蒸汽及引出各效完成液预热原料液等节能措施,考虑蒸发过程有固相析出的情况,建立了由多效蒸发和多级预热两个子系统构成的平流多效蒸发系统数学模型。将物料衡算和热量衡算方程组写成矩阵方程的形式,保留或舍弃矩阵方程中的相关块矩阵,模型就能代表有或无固相析出、有或无冷凝水闪蒸、有或无引出各效完成液预热原料液以及不同情况任意组合的平流多效蒸发过程,该模型还可以用于计算不同效数的平流多效蒸发过程,实现模型的通用。利用智能拟合法,将系统的固液相平衡数据拟合成相平衡方程,实现模型的计算机编程求解。用迭代法结合矩阵法求解模型,研究结果表明,平流多效蒸发系统常规设计的数学模型具有通用性,采用冷凝水闪蒸、引出额外蒸汽预热原料液、引出各效完成液预热原料液是有效的节能技术,对四效平流蒸发含NaCl的NaOH溶液系统,采用以上节能措施可节省加热生蒸汽30%左右,节能效果显著。求解模型的算法稳定且高效。     

Separation and recovery of heavy metals from concentrated smelting wastewater by synergistic solvent extraction using a mixture of 2-hydroxy-5-nonylacetophenone oxime and bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) -phosphinic acid

Extraction and separation of copper, zinc, nickel, and cadmium from calcium and magnesium in concentrated smelting wastewater by synergistic solvent extraction using a mixture of 2-hydroxy-5-nonylacetophenone oxime (Mextral 84H) and bis(2,4,4 -trimethylpentyl)-phosphinic acid (Cyanex 272) in an aliphatic diluent (DT-100) was studied. The effects of extractant concentrations, equilibrium pH, organic-to-aqueous phase ratios, system temperature, and extraction and stripping efficiencies on the extraction performance of the heavy metals were investigated. Extraction of pH isotherms showed that addition of Cyanex 272 to Mextral 84H causes obvious synergistic shifts for zinc and cadmium and a slightly antagonistic shift for nickel. The separation factor of cadmium over magnesium was 155.7 and the ΔpH₅₀ values between the metals were over 1.00 pH units. Semi-continuous tests for the metals extraction, scrubbing, and stripping were conducted in a continuous extraction apparatus with conditions further optimized for separation of the metals. Nearly 100% of the copper and nickel and over 98% of the zinc and cadmium were recovered with less than 0.1 mg/L copper and nickel, 26 mg/L of zinc, and 10 mg/L of cadmium remaining in the raffinate. A process in which all valuable metals are extracted simultaneously and stripped selectively at optimal conditions is proposed that is entirely feasible for the separation of copper, zinc, nickel, and cadmium from calcium and magnesium in concentrated smelting wastewater. The study determines the fundamental parameters for the treatment of smelting wastewater by solvent extraction.     

气流干燥器的数学模型研究

在聚氯乙烯干燥过程中,目前通常采用的是气流-旋风两段式干燥,通过对固体干燥原理、干燥过程的分析,将干燥过程分为表面汽化干燥与升温干燥2个阶段,根据气流干燥器的特点,结合各个阶段传质、传热的特点,分段建立了传质速率、传热速率方程,物料衡算、热量衡算方程。通过对气流干燥器的分析研究,确定了计算机模拟过程中的各个参数,从而确立了气流干燥器的数学模型。     

Development of a Solvent Extraction Model for Process Tests in Short Residence Time Centrifugal Contactors

A computer program has been developed for optimization and modelling of counter–current solvent extraction processes. The distribution between the phases is calculated by either D-ratio functions or by a novel kinetic model for the transfer between the phases. The kinetic model is important to use when slow extraction kinetics yields D-ratios far from equilibrium. Transfer rate data was investigated in a single stage centrifugal contactor, modified for internal recirculation of the phases. Using this methodology a demonstration process for the recovery of minor actinides in a counter–current centrifugal contactor system using CyMe₄-BTBP was modelled with excellent agreement towards the experimental values.     

热钾碱溶液多级闪蒸过程热力学计算

提出热钾碱溶液绝热闪蒸过程的一种热力学计算方法。阐明了ＣＯ＿２闪蒸判别式、闪蒸平衡温度、闪蒸平衡度的概念，并给出某合成氨装置热钾碱溶液半贫液多级闪蒸过程热力学核算实例，表明此计算方法是可靠的。     

Modeling and Optimization of Copper Flash Smelting Process Based on Neural Network

The copper flash smelting process neural network model (CFSPNNM) was developed, its input layer includes eightnodes: oxygen grade (OG), oxygen volume per ton of concentrate (OVPTC), flux rate (FR) and quantities of Cu, S, Fe, SiO2and MgO in copper concentrate; output layer includes three nodes: matte grade, matte temperature and Fe/SiO2 in slag, andnet structure was 8-13-10-3. Then, the internal relationship between the technological parameters and the objectiveparameters was built after the CFSPNNM was trained by using GA-BP algorithm. Moreover, the technological parameterswere optimized by using genetic algorithms (GA) to make energy consumption the lowest. Simulation results showed that theCFSPNNM had high prediction precision and good generalization performance. Compared with the practical average data, theenergy consumption can be reduced by 6.8% if the smelting process is controlled by adopting the optimized technologicalparameters.     

高碳镍钼矿碱性还原熔炼-水浸分离与提取镍钼

在理论分析的基础上,以贵州遵义镍钼矿为原料,提出了镍钼矿碱性还原熔炼?水浸提钼的清洁冶金新工艺,考察了Na2CO3用量、温度、还原剂用量、反应时间对镍还原率及钼浸出率的影响,在最优条件下进行了扩大实验. 结果表明,在碱性介质及强还原气氛下,镍钼矿中的镍被还原成高品位镍铁合金,钼转化为可溶性的钼酸盐;最佳工艺条件为Na2CO3用量为理论量的2倍、熔炼温度1000℃、还原剂添加量为镍钼矿的5wt%、反应时间1.5 h. 最佳条件下扩大实验金属镍回收率为94.92%,金属钼挥发率为9.36%,浸出率为99.94%,固硫率接近100%,得到了高品位镍铁合金和含钼浸出液,镍钼有效分离.