竖立球冠体内任意高度与体积关系研究

对平置金属直圆筒罐两侧球冠内高度与体积关系进行了研究,得出了可供计算计量使用的关系式V2=f（H2）,给出了计算实例。     

数值方法研究油罐的变位参数——复杂油位计量管理系统研究

利用最优化理论对变位金属直圆筒罐高度与体积关系式V=f（H3）进行了参数识别研究,给出了计算结果。用数值方法证明了关系式V=f（H3）是可靠的。     

载体催化型瓦斯传感器输出电压与瓦斯体积分数函数关系研究

针对载体催化型瓦斯传感器的近似直线形的输出曲线存在非线性误差较大、准确度低的问题,提出了一种采用最小二乘法建立载体催化型瓦斯传感器输出电压与瓦斯体积分数函数关系的方法。以MJC4/2.9J型载体催化元件为实验对象,结合相应的实验数据得到输出电压与瓦斯体积分数的拟合曲线,该拟合曲线的结果表明,采用最小二乘法建立的瓦斯传感器输出电压与瓦斯体积分数函数关系非线性误差较小、准确度高,并将该函数关系应用到瓦斯检测仪的设计中。实际应用结果表明,该瓦斯检测仪具有较高的精度及稳定性。     

新课程高考与历史教学的关系分析（二）变“教材观”为“课程观”

一、修订课程标准的“模块加专题”，重构通史体系知识结构 历史课程标准的教学内容是以“模块加专题”形式呈现的，分为历史（Ⅰ）、历史（Ⅱ）、历史（Ⅲ）3个必修模块，共计25个学习专题。3个必修模块分别是政治、经济、思想文化3条线索，每个模块各有8～9个专题。也就是说，它是以专题形式而不是以通史的形式编排的。     

基于BOPPPS六步教学法的信息科技精准教学研究（下）——以《扩音系统中的逻辑“与”关系》一课为例

随着新课标的实施,信息科技课堂中的变革,逐步成为关注的焦点,将精准教学引入课堂教学成为评估教学效能的重要指标之一。采用六步教学法,可将精准教学落实在具体的内容实施当中：通过精准引入(Bridge)确定教学倾向,通过精准目标(Objective)选定教学方向,精准课前评估(Pre-assessment)提供支持,精准参与(Participatory learning)推进认知过程,精确课后评估(Post-assessment)提供正负反馈,通过精准总结(Summary)形成学生参与学习。精准教学提供了教学的指向。因此,如何将精准教学与大数据有机结合,如何在信息科技学科教研活动中体现相关要求,以提升信息科技学习力的培养需要,是本文研究的重点。     

The low carbon development (LCD) levels’ evaluation of the world’s 47 countries (areas) by combining the FAHP with the TOPSIS method

The low carbon economy (LCE) is considered as a kind of development mode (low carbon development, LCD) in this paper. So several problems appear, e.g., what kind of development is LCD? And, how to evaluate the level of LCD? The aim of this study is just to answer these questions. Firstly, the indicators’ system of the LCD level was constructed, which contains five main indicators and 10 sub-indicators. Then, 47 representative countries (areas) worldwide were taken as the numerical case. In the empirical research process, a two step methodology of combining the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) with the Technique for Order Performance by Similarity to Ideal Solution method (TOPSIS) is proposed. FAHP was used to determinate the main and sub-indicators’ weights of the 47 countries’ (areas’) LCD level, then the TOPSIS method used these weights as its own input weights to complete the whole calculation process. The results indicate that the method proposed can be successfully used in the study and the concept of the LCD level be considered as a very useful tool because the conclusions related to it have some certain directive significances when we have to take decisions on some items. In the end, some reasonable policy suggestions are proposed and some directions for future studies are put forward.     

选择性神经网络二次集成方法在定量构效关系建模中的应用研究

针对在建立定量构效关系(QSAR)模型中,单个人工神经网络模型难以确定参数,容易产生“过拟合”;一般神经网络集成模型虽然建立过程简单,但由于个体差异度小而导致泛化能力相对单个神经网络没有明显改善等问题,提出了一种基于随机梯度法的选择性神经网络二次集成方法。在建立除草剂(苯乙酰胺类化合物)的QSAR模型的实验研究中表明,该方法设计过程简单,能够以较小的运算代价明显地提高了模型的泛化能力,是建立QSAR模型的一个有效方法。     

The relationship between the biomass of Cameroonian tropical forests and radiation reflected in middle infrared wavelengths (3.0-5.0 mu m)

The use of middle infrared (MIR) radiation (3.0-5.0 mu m) at the regional scale may be unreliable for biophysical estimation, should be corrected for thermal emission and MIR reflectance used in its place. This study considered the potential use of MIR reflectance for studying tropical forests, with the relationship between MIR reflectance and estimated total biomass of the tropical forests of Cameroon derived. Comparisons were drawn with relationships between estimated total biomass and visible reflectance, near infrared reflectance, MIR radiation and surface temperature. Relationships between two vegetation indices, the NDVI and VI3, and estimated total biomass were also explored. It was found that correcting MIR radiation for thermal emission increased the strength of the relationship between radiation acquired in MIR wavelengths and estimated total biomass. The use of MIR reflectance, either alone or within the vegetation index VI3, provided the strongest relationship with estimated total biomass. This suggests that MIR reflectance may be more sensitive to changes in forest properties than the reflectance in visible and NIR wavelengths. It is recommended that MIR reflectance should be adopted more widely for the remote sensing of tropical forests.     

An analysis of the relationship between information and communication technology (ICT) and scientific literacy in Canada and Australia

Despite the lack of substantial evidence for improvement in the quality of teaching and learning with information and communication technology (ICT), governmental organizations have pushed ICT as a means of providing broad-scale training to meet the demand for a skilled workforce, centred upon a hypothesized ICT–scientific literacy relationship. To better understand this possible association, this study used data from the 2006 administration of the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA 2006) to determine the extent to which scientific literacy is predicted by a host of ICT-related variables, after adjusting for student demographic characteristics. The findings suggest that, once demographic characteristics have been accounted for, students with prior experience with ICT, who browse the Internet more frequently, and who are confident with basic ICT tasks earned higher scientific literacy scores. Gender differences existed with respect to types of productivity and entertainment software used; this difference may be attributed to personal choice and initiative to learn ICT. Furthermore, the way in which students are using computers in schools, towards attaining learning outcomes, may have a stronger effect on scientific literacy than how often computers are accessed.     

The relationship between computerization and performance: A strategy for maximizing the economic benefits of computerization

The relationship between computerization and several measures of overall firm performance is examined. Sample firms consisted of 138 wholesalers in a single industry with annual sales between one million and over ten million dollars. Three performance comparisons are presented: users versus non-users of computers, three levels of usage, and class of computer usage. Results indicate that computerization is related to overall performance. Non-users tend to be small firms with about average overall performance. On the other hand, firms owning computers and making extensive use of them in a variety of ways tend to be either very high or low performers. Possible explanations for these bi-modal results are presented.     

The computer attributes for learning scale (CALS) among university students: Scale development and relationship with actual computer use for learning

The purpose of this study was twofold. First to develop an instrument, the computer attributes for learning scale (CALS) for assessing how university students perceive the attributes of computer use for learning, and secondly to examine the predictive value of the CALS in relation to the actual use students made of a computer for learning. The research was based on innovation diffusion theory, and was set in the context of higher education in Flanders, the Dutch speaking part of Belgium. The first step in the development of the computer attributes for learning scale, was to draw on the literature to determine a set of attributes which could be used in relation to the use of computers for learning. Secondly, working with a stratified sample of university students (n = 237), exploratory factor analysis was used to develop a one-dimensional nine item-scale for measuring students’ perceptions towards these specified attributes of a computer for learning. Next, using another similar stratified sample of the same size, confirmatory factor analysis was used to assess the stability of the one-factor structure. Finally, having developed the instrument, the predictive value of the CALS was assessed by examination of the relationship of the CALS with actual computer use for learning, when controlling for related computer variables, including computer self-efficacy, perceived usefulness of computers and computer use for personal purposes. The CALS was found to have a significant predictive value in terms of computer use for learning. In view of this it is argued that the CALS is an instrument which can be used in the future to assess the likely use students will make of a computer application in relation to their learning.     

空分压缩机组安全完整性技术等级(SIL)技术评估应用及分析

依据相关IEC和API标准,对空分装置三大机组(蒸汽透平、空压机和增压机)的安全联锁系统(SIS)做了安全完整性等级(SIL)技术评估,确定了空分三大机组安全联锁系统中的安全联锁功能(SIF),给出了各安全联锁功能(SIF)所需达到的安全完整性等级(SIL),提出并分析了空分三大机组安全联锁系统中存在的多个典型问题,最后针对问题分别给出了相应的改进建议。研究结果对空分装置三大机组和类似机组的安全、稳定、长周期运行有借鉴意义。